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JOHNA.SEAVERNS
— _„ii — amE-J 1
GENTLEMAN'S
l^ecteation :
In Four Parts,
VIZ.
H II N T I N G,? ^F O W L I N G,
HaWKINGjS cFlSHING.
Wherein thefe Generous Exercifcs are
largely Treated of, and the Terms of Art for
Hunting and Hawking more amply
Enlarged than heretofore.
Whereto is prefixt a large Sculpture,
giving eafie Diredlions for blowing the
Horn, and other Sculptures inferted
proper to each Recreation.
With an ^Ijtttaft at the end of each %i\W(t
of fuch JiatPjS as relate to the fame.
The Third EDITION,
With the Addition of a Hunting-Horse.
LO MDOM: Printed by Freeman Collins, for
Nicholas Cox. 1686.
JflT-'rlT
T A "b L E
HUNTING:
Being theFirft Part.
Page.
INtrodulihn i
Terms of Art ^
Some general names 0/ Hounds and Beagels ip
Terms relating to Forefis^Scc, 20
Of the Hound Rache and Sluth-hound ' 2 8
C?//i^c Blood-hound 2^
,C|/f/?r Gaze- hound 32
O/^/^e Grey-hound • . ^^
0/ f^e Harder ^;2^ Terrier 3.5
Of the Hound Levyner or Lyemer 3.7
(7/ ^i^e Tumbler ibid.
Of the Spaniel 3P
Of the White Hound 40
0/ Fallow- Hounds ibid.
Of the Dun-hound 41
The marks ^f ^good Hound ' 42
The eleSion of a Vog and Bitch for good Whelps 43I
Hovc> to enter young Hounds at the Hart, &c, 44.
Of Courfing with Grey-hounds 4d»
The Laws of the Leajh or Courfing 4P
The Stiles <f Hunting c(ifferent from tk Englifh^ hoth An-
tique aad Forraifi"-^ C 5*
^'
The TABLE for Hunting.
OfViMt'Htmting $6
the Nature o/tf Hart 57
Of the Rnt of UdiXts 62
Oft he time of Harts Metving^ 6f
Of the Coats and Colours of Harts, and their diverfities 66
Hove to hr}ow an old Hart by the Slot^ Entries, dec. 6y
The names and diverfities of HartS'-Z^ea^j according to Wun-
teu Terms ^ , _ . ^9
Hoiv tofeek^ a Hatt in his haunts orfeeding-plaSs according
to the feafoas of the year ' ^o
In what manner the Huntfrnan Jhall go drawing in the
Springs r 7^
Virecrions for Harbouring a Stsg 7^
Hon> to find a Hart loji the ni?J?t before 73
Hovp to find a Hart in high Woods . 74
How to unharbour a Hart and caji off the Hounds . 7 5
What fiihtilties are ufed in hunting a Hart at force 7^
Hoxp to k^ll a Hart at Bay J9
^iredions at the death ofahMck or Hart 8o
feuck-H;o;?i/;^ 8i ^oc-Hunfitlg 83
Rain- Deer- H«;2fi«g 8^ Uirc-Hmting fi
Of V arks and Warrens I GO Of Conc'f catching 1 02
■^/*^e Ferret 104 Of Fox- Hioiting 105
Ofhids^QT' Hunting III OfOttet-Hknting II5
t^/fk Squirrel ' n8
Of the Mixtcrn or WM-Cit 120
•A(hoit Account ofBeaiis not Hunted in En^hnd, aad fitjl
^^oftheWo]^ J " ,;". 122
•WyWild-goat-H.7;;/i/;^ "^•^;;"V^i 25
-0/ Wild-boar Hunting '""H '' ' 1 28
Of the Beaver .-^^^^ ^'^^ • " ^^ ""''^''^ 137
i^ijeafes and Cttres of Hounds '^'^*^? , ^ ., .. -^141
X>ifejf$s and Cures of Spaniels ;. .? '^ * - ^ ! .'l, 1^6
Tcnal Larvs relating to Hunters and tiuntui^ ' 150
Tcnal Laws concerning Fcrejis and Cbacer, &c. 15$
The
e>
The Table for H a w k i n g s
Being the Second PART.
THe IntrodadtoH Page i 7'erms of An 4
Of the Haggard-Faulcon 1 1
H01V tok^iow the Nature and Vijpofitiofi of fever al Hawks,
and rvbat mud be obfervedfrom thence 1 7
Of the F^iulcon 20
Of the Mannings Luring^ Flights^ and Mewing of a Faul-
con, with other things belonging to an Ojirager 2 2
Of bathing a Faulcon lately reclaimed ', how to make her,
and to hate the Cheeky 2 ^
How to enfcam a Faulcon with her Callings and Scow'
rings 2 8
General In^ruUions for an Odrager or Faulconer 3 2
How to hood a Hawk 5 6
How to make your UdiV/kkfiowyour Voice and her own feed-
ing . 37
How to mak^ your Hawk bold and venturous ibid.
How to make a Hawk j^/on? the Lure 3 8
How to make a H^wkfiying ibid?
A Flight for a Haggard 40
How to mak^ a ^o^r-Faulcon, or Haggard 1^7/ at the very
firfi 41
Remedy for a Hawks taking ftand in a Tree 42
How to help a Hawk frovfard and coy through pride of
greafe ihld.
How to maks a Hawk hold in her head and not mind Chec\
Haw to continue and k^ep a Hawk in her highflying ibid,
A flight for the Hern 4$;
O/ti&e Haggard-faulcon j why fo called, her good fh ape
and properties, &c. 47
Ofthi Barbary-faulcop 50 OftU Gerfaulcon ibid,
P/z^eSakejp 53f
M z Of
The TABLE for Hawking.
(9/ the Lanner,Lanneret, WTunifian 54
OfiheMciYm 57
Ofihe Mctving of Merlins, Faulcons, &c. Ani which is
the bed way of Mewi/ig 5*
Of ^k Hobby 6 1 • OftheGo(h^wk 62
Ho.v to mak^e the Soar or H t^gard-Goih^wk <^4
Hjiv to iT^ake a Golhawk fly to f/^i' Partridge ^5
Hojv to help a Golhawk that turneth Tail to Tail^ andgi'
veth over her Game ^o
H( TV to ma\c a Gofhawkj^ quichly ^7
Hon> to fly a Goiliawk to the River 6S
An excellent way to preferve a Godiawk in the time of her
ftyi/ig., efp^cially in hot n>eathcr 6p
Hon> to fly the Wild-goofe or Crane with the Golhawk
ibid.
How to Mew a Gofliawk, and draw her out of the Mew,
and make her flying 70
Some general Ubfervations for an Olirager or Faulconer in
keeping and reclaiming a Golhawk Jl
Of the Spir row-hawk 73
Hon> iff tmke a Sp3irtoW'hzy/k^ whether Eyeji, Brancher,
Soar^ Mervd^ or. Hazard 74
How to Mew SpaxTow-hawks 78
"I'joe duly of a Faulconer, with necejfary Eules and Obfet'
' vatims for him to follow 80
Of Difeafcs and dangeroiti accidents incident to Ha wkSj^w^
their feveral Cures ' ' 81
Of Ccijiir.gs and Mcwtings , either good or bad according
to their f'verul complexions and fmells, 82
0f4heCaijra& 85 Of the Pantas or Ajihma 8<5
Of Worms %■] OftheFilanders ibid.
Another approved medicine for Filanders or IForms in
: Hawks SS
Cf Hawks Lice ibid.
yi fife and ufie way to f^ll Lice in Hawks • Sp
Ho)v tok^ep andmJintofn all wamer of Hawks in health,
^aod plight^ and likjng ibid, ' ' • • 0/
^
To the Right Honourable
JAMES
Lord NORREYES
BARON of 'KZCOr,
His Majefties Lord-Lieutenant
O F
OXFORD-SHIRE.
IF to admire Worth and
Honour were a Crime,
it would highly con-
cern me to beg your
LordQiips pardon for the
prefumption of this Ad-
drefs. For that's the Caufe.
A 2 this
.>•
The Epi{lle Dedicatory^
this the Med:. It is true,
the obfcurity of my Con-
dition, and remdtenefs of
my Scituation , have placd
me out of the reach of
your Lordlhips Knowledge;
yet your Lordfhips Fame
Ecchoing out of Oxford-fhire
through all the very Cor-
ners of the Kingdom ,
could hardly efcape my
Ears,were i not particularly
entitled to the lame Coun-
ty, which hath given me
thereby the greater op-
portunity both to know ,
and admire the Greatnefs
of your Generolity, the
Magnificence of your Li-
ving, and Prudence of your
Go-'
The Epifile dedicatory.
Governing , accompanied
with all other Qualificati-
ons and Endowments re-
quifite to render any per-
fon both Great and Good :
Asalfo, that though your
Lordihip is a great impro-
ver of your own natural
parts by your elaborate flu-
dies, and of others Know-
ledge by your Edifying
Converfation ; yet to ob-
viate Idlenefs, and to anti^
dote Sicknefs, as alfo the
better to enapt your 'active
Body to fuit your Loyal
Mind for Martial Employ-
ments,ihould the concerns
of your King and Country
call you forth into the Field,
your
The Epiftle Dedicatory.
your Lordfhip is a moft in-
defatigable uler of all adive
Sports and Recreations, and
confequently become the
great Oracle and Mafter
of them all , and all their
Artful Terms. Under what
other Wing then could this
little Treatife on thofeSub-
jeds fo properly creep for
ihelter and Protection ?
Under no other certainly,
without fome kind of In-
juftice to your Lordihip^and
real Injury to the Work it
felf Be pleafed therefore
a little to unbend your
Thoughts ( I humbly be-
feechyour Lordlhip) from
your more ferious Studies,
^ al-
^v
The TABLE for Hawking.
Of the Formica p^
Of the Froivnce pi Of the Pip ibid.
Hoip to remedy that Vizwkn>hich endenceth not^norputteth
over as fhe fhould do p2
Horv to mal{e a Hiwk feed eagerly that hath loft appetite^
rvithout bringing her low P3
Horp to raife a Hawk that it low and poor ibid.
Hovp to remedy a Hawk that isjlothful and aver fe to flying
Of fwolnfeet in a Hawk ibid.
Hovp to fcour Hawks before you caji them into the Mew p 5
Venal Larvs relating to Hawks and Hawking P7
The Table for Fowling:
Being the Third PART.
WHat Fowling is^ with the nature and diverfity of all
manner of Fowl Page loi
Of the haunts of Fowl 103
'Xhe readieli way to tak^ great Fowl with Nets I ©4.
How to taJ^fmall Water-fowl with Nets 105
How to takefmall Birds with Bird-lime 107
How to taj^ great Fowl with Lime-twigs lOp
Of the great and lejfer Springs I H
Of the Fowling-piece and Stalkjng'horfe 113
How to tak^ all manner of Land-fowl by day and night 118
Of Bzt -fowling 121
Of the Day net, and how to tak^ Birds therewith ibid.
Of taking fmall Birds which ufe Hedges and Bufhes with
Lime-twigs 123
How to make the hejifort of Bird-lime^ and how to ufe it
126
The be(i and moji experienced way of making Water-bird"
<" lime 127
itt what mamer Snipes may be tak^n with Bird-lime 128
The TABLE for Fowling:
tin manner of takhigFdhres by Wjtsr-bird'lime I2p
How to tak^ Pidgeons with Lime-twigs ibid.
tjoiv to tal^ Magpies, Crows , and Gleads mth Lime'
twigs 130
How t9 take Rooks when they pull up the Corn hy the Root
131
How to take Birds with Baits ^ either Land or Water- fowl
ibid.
A mofl excellent and approved way how ta take the Hern
How to take Pheafants fever al ways 13 5
7hefa(hion of Phcafant-Mf/ 137
Of driving of Pheafant-/?(;a'// 138
the J'eafons for the ufing of Nets ■ or Lime 1 40
How to taJ^ Partridges jei/^rn/ ways 141
Oftakjng Partridges with Nets 143
How to take Partridges with Bird-lime 144
HtfH? /o (^rit;e Partridges I45»
How to taks Partridges with a Setting-dog 145
How to take Rails, Quails, Morepots, &c, 147
How to elect and train a Setting-dog from a Whtlp till he
comes to perfcUion 1 48
How to train a Water-dog^ and the ufe thereof 151
Hnv to tak^^preferve^ and keep all manner of Singing- birds
0/ </^e Nightingale 155. How to mak^ a 'Net-trap to
tak^him 1 57
0/ //?e Canary-bird I ^i 0/ik Black- bird 163
O/tkThroftle 164 0/ f/je Robin-red-breft 167
Of the Wren ibid. Of the Wood-lark 1&9
Of the Skie-lark i the feveral ways to tak^ them, and n>hen
taken, how to order thetn 172
Q ft he Linnet 174
Of the Gpld-tinch or Ghiiftmas-fool , fo called in Nor-
folk 175
Of the Tithxk 176 C?/fk Chaffinch 177
0/fi^e Stalling 178 0/^kRedaart ibid.
^v.
The TABLE for Fishing.
Of theBuW'^nch lyp Of the Giecn-finch ibU,
0//)^e Hcdge-Sparrow jgg,
^n AbfiraU offkch Penal Laws as cdficern Fowling 183
The Table for Fishing:
Being the Fointh and laft PAR T.
THe Introdn^ioH Pa^e i
An Encomium , or fometvhat in praife of Fijhermen
and Fifhing y
Fijh'pmds to improve^ and thefijh therein contained &
Carps tomak^ them gtortHo an extraordinary bignefs in a
Pond ,Q
General Ohfervations to he mderjiood in the Art ef Anz-
. ^'"i II
Afirological EWions for Angling in general 1 3
}Vhat prmfm is to be made for Angling-tools 1 4
A Line after the befi manner^ hovo to mak^ 1 5
Of the Hooh^^ Flote, and other things n^orth the ohfervation
Flies Natural and Artificial, and how to ufe them 1 8
OfGromd.angling2^ Of Night- angling 2^
trhat times are feafonable, and what mfeafonahle to anile
^-^^f^^fbel 27 Oftbehte^m 29
Of the Bleak 2 1
Of the BulMiead or Millers-Thumb L
?f/f^uTJ,^ OftheCh^t 34
Of the Chub, Cheven, Chavender nij
0//^cCarp3(5 ^/Dace.rDare 38
Of fBd 39 Of the FlomdcK 42
OA^e Gudgeon 43 O/^J^eGuiniard ibid,
^///;e Loach 44 Of the Mimovv 4%
OfthePopcorKv^fi ibid, OfthePlkQ Is
Cy/^ePearch50 OftheK^di 52
Of
The TABLE for Fishing.
Of the Roach
ibid.
0/f^e Stickleback
55
Of the Salmon
,
ibid*
Of the Tench
57
Of the Torcoth
6i
Of the Trout
ibid.
Of the Umber or Grayling
^3
Fijhes Hamt^ &c.
64
Experimental Obfervations and Vire&ions for
• Angling 6y
An Angling Song
75
An AbJiraSi offttch Penal Laws
Of relate to
Fijhing
76
The Table for the Hunting^Horse,
Being an Appendix to the Firft Part.
OF Hunting-Horfes i« genera/, their excellency^ and the
neccfuy and benefit of the Art of Keeping Page I
Of Breeding ■■> the choice of a Stallion , and Mares , mtb
feme general Kemarkj on Markj andColouts' 9
Ofth Age a Hunter Jhould be of, before he be put to Hun"
ting: Of the Stable, and Groom , and of the Horfes
firjl taking up fiom Grafs, in order to his further dieting
t 24
How to order the Hunter /(;r thefir^ Fortnight 34
Of the fecond Fortnights Viet , and of his fir(i Huntings
and what Chafes are moj} proper to Train him 50
Of the Horfes third Fortnights Keeping, and fird Tho-
rough-fweating . ^4
Of making a Hunting-Match ^its advantages and difadvan-
tages 7^
Of the ordering the Huntet/or a Match or Plate 77
Of the means to judge of ymr Horfes ft ate gf Body, and of
curing all Cafualties that may happen after Matching 87
Of Riding a Hunting-Match, or Heats for a Flate^ and the
advantages belonging to each fl
FINIS.
The Epijlle VedicatOry.
allowing your Eyes to run
over thefe few Leaves , and
either vouchfafe to corred:
their Errours, (if any have
efcaped thofe Judicious
Sports-men who have been
pleated to be my Guides
in perufing this Work, and
purging it from many Errors
and Millakes of the former
Edition) or ftamp them
with the unqueftionable au-
thority of your Lordfhips
Approbation. This will ob-
lige all true Lovers of the
fame generous Recreations
to%e€ome greedy purcha-
fers of thefe Rules , both to
improve their Knowledge,
ana reduce their Language
to
T^he Epijlle Dedicatory.
to the famefignificant terms,
to the great fatisfa£tion of
the Buyers, and the benefit
of Proprietor and Seller ,
who humbly craves leave to
lay himfelf at your Lord-
(hips Feet, in the quality
of
(lyj ay \t pleafe your Lordfliip)
' Yqur,I^ordfliip's
Moft devoted humble Servant,
» ^ > » . ■ » 1 ' '.si'
;ui I . •31 h:: '.
GENTLEMAN'S
O R, A
TREATISE
Giving the befl Diredlions for
HUNTING,
AND
KILLING all manner of CHASES
ukd in ENGLAND,
With the Terms of Art belonging thereunto.
ALSO,
A fhort Account of fome peculiar Beads
not ufually Hunted in England.
FulVColiedtcd from Antient ai^d Modem Authors",
and HOW very much Correfted ahd Enlarged by many Wor-i
thy and Experienced Artiflsof this Recreation.
With an Abftraft of fucli Statute-Laws
as relate to Forests and Hunting.
Clje ifitft I3art»
Ld^doH : Printed by jF. C, and t. C. for N. C.
O F
H U N T
The IntroduB'ton,
HVNTING is a Game and Pvecreation comhien-
dable not onely for Kings, Princes, and the
Nobility , but likewife for private Gentle-
men: And as it is a Noble and Healthy Paftime ,
To it is a thing which hath been highly prized in all
Ages.
Belides, Hunting trains up Youth to the ufe of man-
ly Exercifes in their riper Age, being encouraged there-
to by the pleafure they take in hunting the Stately
Stag, the Gemrom BucJ^, the If^ilde Boar, the Cunning
Otter, the Crafty Fox, and the Fearful Hare \ alfo the
catching of Vermin by Engines, as the Fitchet, the
Fulimart, the Ferret, the Polecate, the Moldwarp, and the
like. Exercife herein preferveth Health, and increafeth
Strength and Adivity. Others inflame the hot Spi-
tits of young men with roving Ambition, love of
War, and feeds of Anger : But the Exercife of Hun-
ting neither remits the Minde to Sloth nor Softncfs,
B 2 noi
2 €fje Jntrotiuctfom
nor ( if it be ufed with moderation ) hardens it to
inhumanity i but rather inclines nnen to good Ac-
quaintance , and gaierous Society. It is no fmall
advantage to be enured to bear Hunger, Thirft, and
VVearinefs from ones Childhood i to take up a time-
ly habit of quitting ones Bed early, and loving to
lit well and ("afe upon an Horfe. What innocent and
natural delights are they, when he feeth the day brea-
king forth thofe BluQies and Rofes which Poets and
Writers of Romances onely paint , but the Huntf-
man truely courts? When he heareth the chirping of
fmall birds pcarching upon their dewy Boughs ? when
he draws in the fragrancy and coolnefs of the Air ■?
How jolly is his Spirit, when he fuffers it to be impor-
ted with the noife of Bugle-Horns, and the baying
of Hounds , which leap up and play round about
him.
Nothing doth more recreate the Minde, ftrengthen
the Limbs, whet the Stomach, and clear up the Spi-
rit, when it is heavy, dull, and over-caftwith gloomy
Cares : from whence it comes, that thefe delights have
merited to be in eltccm in all Ages, and even araongft
barbaroas Nations, by the Lords, Princes, and highclf
Potentates.
Tlicn it is admirable to obferve the natural inftindt
of Enmity and Cunning, whereby one Beaft being
as it were confederate with man, by whom he is main-
tained, feives him in his dellgnes upon others. How
peiftdt is the Scent or Smell of an Hound, who ne-
ver leaves it, but follows it through innumerable chan-
ges; and varieties of other Scents, even over and in the
Water, and into the Earth ? Again, how foon will a
Howid Hx his Eye on the bell and fatted Bnck^ of the
Hcid, tingle him out, and follow Kim, and him one-
Jy, without changing, through a whole Herd of rafcal
Game, and leave him not till he kills him ? More-
over,
€6e 3l»trotiuctfoit 3
over, is it not delightful and pleafant to obferve the
Dociblcnefs of Dogs, which is as admirable as their
Undcrftanding ? For as a right Huntfman knows the
Language of his Hounds, fo they know his, and the
meaning of their own kinde, as perfe^ly as wc can di-
ftinguifli the voices of our friends and acquaintance from
fuch as are Grangers.
Again, howfatisfied is a curious Minde, nay ex-
ceedingly delighted, to fee the Game fly before him !
and after that it hath withdrawn itfelf from ins iighr,
to fee the whole Line where it hath paffed over, with
all the doublings and crofs works which the amazed
and afrighted Beaft hath made, recovered af,ain ■■, and
all that Maze wrought out by the intelligence which
he holds with Dogs! this is moft pleafant, and as it
were a Mafter-piece of natural Magick. Afterwards,
what Triumph there is to return with Vidory and
Spoils, having a good Title both to his Appetite and
Repofe ! Neither muft it be omitted, that herein there
is an efpecial need to hold a Oridt Rein over our af-
fedions, that this Pleafure, which is allowable in its
(eafon, may not intrench upon other DomelHcal a^
fairs. There is great danger left we be tranfported
with this Paftime, and fo our felves grow Wild, haun-
ting the Woods till we refemble the Beafts which a^c
Citizens of them i and by continual converfation witb
Dogs, become altogether addided to Slaughter and
Carnage, which is wholly dilhonourable, being a fer-
vile employment. For as it is the privilcdgc of Man^
who is endued with Reafon, and Authorized in the
Law of his Creation, to fubdue the Beafts oi the Field i
fo to tyrannize over them too much, is brutifti in plain
Englilh.
Miftake me not, I intend this Reflexion not for ths
Nobility and Gentry of this Nation, whofe expcnce
of time in this noble £Hid delightful Exercifc can no
B 3 wayj
4 J^mittrgfCctniKJ.
ways prejudice their large Poffeffions, lince it is fo far
from being very chargeable, that it is exceeding pro-
h^able to the bod.ly health of fuch who can difpence
Families "^ '' "^"^"""^ '"^ '"^"'^ ^° ^^'^^'
1 might much enlarge my felf in the commendation
ot Hunting, but that I am loath to detain you too lon«
fTu ^"°^^^^Se o^ ^f^at will make a right and per-
^a Huntfrr^an. I fhall therefore thus conclude : No
Muhckcan bemore ravifhingly delightful than a Pack
ot Hounds m full Cry, to fuch a man whofe Heart and
Inft'umen^ ^^^^ '" ^'^'' ^" '^' '""^ '^ fuchcharming
Hunters Terms.
B
Efore we (hall treat of the Method that is to be
uled in the obtaining pleafute in the profecutioii
ot this Royal Game, it will be very requifite, as an
Introdudtion to this Work, firlt to underlland thofe
JermsofArt Huntfmen, Forefrers, and Wood - men
ufe, when they are difcourfing of their commendable
and highly recreative ProfeOion. And iirft, let us con-
JThkh au Beajis of Fore(l, or Vencry, or Venary, Chafe, and
Old Foreders and Wood-men, with others well
ac^uainred with Hunting, do reckon that there are'
hve Beafis of Vcnery, ( that arc alfo called Bealls of
Forcft ) which are thefe : the Hart, the Hmde, the
Har^, the bear, and Wolf: this is the Opinion of B«-
d£m
d£U6 likewife, in his Treatife of Thilologie^ fpeaking of
the former Beafts, Semper Fore(i£ & VenerU habentur Be-
ftU : Thefe (faith he) are always accounted Beafts of
Venery and Foreft.
Some may here objed and fay, Why (liould the Heart
and Hinde^ being both of one kinde, be accounted two
feveral Hearts ? To this I anfwer, That though they are
Bcafts of one kind, yet they are of fevcral feafons : for
the Hart hath his fealbn in Summer, and the feafon of
the Hinde begins when the Hart's is over.
Here note, that with the He^r^ is included the Stag^
and all other Red Veer of Antlier.
There are alfo five wild Beafts that are called Beafts
of Chafe i the Bhc}{^ the Doe, the Fox, the Martron^ and
the Koe.
The Beafts and Fowls of Warren, are the Hare^ the
Coney^ the Pheafant^ and the Partridge ■> and none other,
faith Mr. Manrvood, are accounted Beafts nor Fowls of
Warren.
My Lord Cook^ is of another Opinion, in his Com-
mentary on Littleton 233. There be both Beajh and
Fon>ls of the Warren^ faith he : Beajls^ as Hares, Co-
neys, ««^ Roes : Fovols of trvo forts ^ Terreftres, (and
they of two forts) Silveftres, & Campeftres. The firft,
Pheafant, Wood - cock, &c. The fecond , Partridge ,
Quail, Rail, &c. Then Aquatiles, tis Mallard, Hern,
&c.
There is great difference between Beafts of Foreft,
and Chafe i the firft are Silveftres taiitum^ the latter
Campeftres tantum. The beafts of the Foreft make their
abode all the day-time in the great Coverts and fecret
places in the Woods i and in the night-feafon they
repair into the Lawns, Meadows, Paftures, and plea-
Cant- feeding places i and therefore they are called
Silveftres , Beafts of the Wood. The Beafts of
Chafe do refide all the day-time in the Fields, and
B 4 '•ipoi*
upon the Hills or high Mountains, where they may fee
round about them afar off, to prevent danger ? but up-
on nights approach they feed as the reft in Meadows,
&c. and therefore thcfe are called Crtw/>e/?r'?/, Beatisof
the Field c
Let us in the next place difcover their Names, Sca-
fons, Degrees, and Ages of Foreft or Venery, Chafe
and Warren : and becaufe the Han is the moft noble,
worthy, and ftatcly Beaft, I (hall place him firlU and
p[iuftcalU
The fir ft year, a Hinde-calf^ or Calf.
The fecond year, a Knobber*
The third year, a Br/?cJl^.
The fourth year, a StaggarJ,
The fifth year, a Stag,
The fixth year, a Hart,
If hunted by the King, a Hart Royal, U he ef-
cape, and Proclamation be made for his fafe return
"without let or detriment, he is then called a Hart Koyd
Frociaimed.
It is a vulgar errour, according to the Opinion of
Mr, GuiVinL, to think that a Stag^ of what age foever
he be, (hall not be called a Hart till he be hunted by
the King or Queen , and thence he (hall derive his
Title. Mr. George Ttirbervik faith polltively , he (hall
not obtain that Name till he be hunted or killed by a
Prince. But late Huntfmen do agree, he may be called
a Hart at and after the age of fix years old.
Now if the King or Qiieen Ihall happen to hunt
or chafe him, and he cfcape with life, he (hall ever
after be called a Han Royal : But if he fly fo far
from the Foreft or Chafe, that it is unlikely he will
ever return of his own accord to the place aforcfeid,
at^.d
and that Proclamation be made in all Towns and Vil-
lages thereabouts, that none (hall kill or offend him, but
that he may fafely return if he lill i he is then called a
Hart Royal Proclaimed,
The fecond Beaft of Vencry is called a
Hinde,
And fhe is called the firft year, a Calf.^
The fecond year, a Hearfe-x and fometimes we (ay Broc-
h;ets Silier^ &cc.
The third year, a Hinde.
The next and third, which by old Forcfters is called
the King of all Beafts of Vcnery, is the
Hare,
And is called the firft year, a Leveret.
The fecond year, a Hare.
The third year, a Great Hare.
The fourth Beaft of Venery is called the
Wilde-Boar,
The firft year, he is a Tig of the Sounder.
The fecond year, he is a Hog.
The third year, he is a Hogs Steer,
The fourth year, he is a Boar » at which age, if not be-
fore, he leaveth the Sounder^ and then he is called a
Singler or Sanglier.
The fifth and Uft Eeaft of Vcnery is the
JFalf. The
« fputtteris CcnniJ.
tin names of tk Beajis of Chafe according to their
The firft is the
Buck.
It is called the firft year, a Fatva,
The fecond year, a Pricket,
The ihkd year, a 5'flre/.
The fourth year, a S'ore.
The fifth year, a Bnck^of the firfl Hiad,
The fixth year, a Gre<;i* B«ci^.
The fecond Bcaft of Chafe is the
"Doe or Voo,
She is called the firft year, a F^w;;.
The fecond year, a Te^g.
The third year, a Pof.
The third Beaft of Chafe is the
Fox,
And is called the firft year, a Cub.
The fecound year, a Fox, and afterwards an old Fox.
. Jb* loarth Beaft of Chafe is the
Martern.
The firft year, it is called SiCub, * '
The fecond year, a Martern.
The
The fifth and laft Beaft of Chafe is called the
Koe.
The firft year, it is called a Kid,
Thefecond y ear, a G|ir/e. .
The third year, a Hemufe, a.yk\\\ '
The fourth year, a Roe-B^ci^of the fr^ Head.
The Hfth year, a FairRot-BucI^
As for the Beads of the Warren, the H^rc hath been
rpcken of already. The Corny is called the firft year a
Kabbety and afterwards an old Coney,
The Seafons of Benfls.
A Hart or Bm\ beginncth at the end of Fencer
Month, which is 1 5 days after Midfummer-A^iy^ and
afteth till Holy-rood-di^y . The Fox at Chrifimofj and
alieth till the Annwitiation of the Blejfed Virgin. The
Hinde or Dt^ebeginneth at Holy-rood-dsiy^ and lafteth till
ZandlemAS. The Koe-Buck^ beginneth at Eafter^ and
afteth till Mkhaelmts. The Koe beginneth at Michael-
».«•, and lafteth till CandUm,is. The Hare beginneth at
MichaelmiH^ and lafteth till the end of February. The
eafon of the IFolf is faid to be from Cbrilimjts till the
4nnuntiation of the Virgin Mary. Laftly, The Boar be-
ms at ChrijimM^ and continues to the Furification of our
lady.
Terms to le ufed for Beajis of 'Fenery and
Chafe, as they are in Company one With the
other.
^ Herd of H.?rfx.
\ Herd of all manj-.er of Veti-.
A
A Bevy of Rw.
A Sounder of Sthine.
A Rout of JVolves,
A Richefs of Marternr,
A Brace or Lcafe of Bwi^.
A Brace or Leafe of F<»;ee/.
A Brace or Leafe of H»rf/.
A Couple of Rabbets,
A Couple o( C*neys, »
Terms far their Lodging,
A Hart Harboureth.
A B«ci^ Lodgeth.
ARoeBeddeth.
A Hare Seateth, or Formeth.
A Coney Sittcth.
A Fox Kennelleth.
A Martern Treeth.
An Otter Watcheth.
A Badger Eartheth.
A Boar Coucheth.
Terms for their Dipdging^
Unharbour the Hart^
Rouze the Buck^
Start the Hare,
Bolt the Coney.
Unkennel the Fox.
Tree the Martern.
Vent the Otter.
Dig the Badger,
Rear the Boar.
Terms
punter 0 Cettttji* "
rtrmsfoT their Noife at Kutting time.
\H^r/ Belleth.
\ B«cil^ Growneth or Troateth.
(\ Roe Belloweth.
^ Hare Beateth or Tappeth,
An Otter Whineth.
A Boar Freameth.
AFoxBarketh.
A Badger Shricketh,
A ^olf Howkih.
AGtf^rRatleth.
terms for CofttUtiom
A Hart or Buc\%ot\\\ to Ruf.
A RoegocthtoTourn.
A Bojr goeth to Brim.
A Hare and Coney goeth to Buck.
AFoxgoethtoClickiiting.
A ^^o// goeth to Match or to Make.
An Otter hunteth'for his Kindc.
terms for the Tooting and treading of aU Beajis
of Venery and Chafe,
OfaHjr*, the Slot.
Of a B«4and all Fahr, Veer, the View.
Of all Peer, if on the Grafs, and fcarce vifible, then it is
Oiffolt^^i\^i '. and other fui:h Veroiin, the Foot.
ing.
Of an 0«er, the Marks.
OfaB(ji»r,theTraa:. ' , ^^„ FJ^U
Of a Hare, diverdy i for when the is in open Field ^,
'J'erms of the TaiL
Of a H^rf, Buck, or other D^fv f hf q;«^i
Of a W, the Wreath. ' ' ^'"^^'•
Of a Fox, the Brufh or Drag ; anri tU. T-
end is called the Chape ^ *"' ^'P '^ ^^^^
Ofaf^.//, the Stern.
Of a H^re and Q/yc);, the Scut.
Tterms for their Ordwe,
'^&^. ""'''^^ * ^"^ "' '2"'" fi-* Vermin,
OfanO/^er,theSpraints.
terms for the Attire ofBea.
rnrce or tour, the Crotches being plac'd aloft all
of
©Tone height, are called Crown'd Heads. Heads ha-
ving doubling Croches, are called Forked Heads, be-
cafe the Croches are planted on the top of the Beam
like Forks.
If you are asked what a Stag bears, you are onely
to reckon Croches he bears, and never to exprefs an
cxlde number : As, if he hath four Croches on his near
Horn, and five on his far, you muft fay, he beareth ten,
a falfe Right on his near Horn (for all that the Beam
bears are called Rights.) If but four on the near Horn,
and fix on the far Horn, you muft fay he bears twelve,
a double falfe Right on the near Horn i for you muft
not onely make the number even, but alfo the Horns e-
ven with that diftindion.
When a Hart breaketh Herd, and draweth to the
Thickets or Coverts, we ufually (ay he taketh his Hold,
or he goeth to Harbour.
All kind of Veers fat is called Sewit ; and yet you
may fay , This Deer was a high Deer of Greafe. The
fat of a Boar is called Greafe. The fat of a Roe onely
is called Heavy Greafe.
We fay the Veer is broken up. The Fox and Hare is
cafed
VA Litter of C«^/.
It is i^Nei{ of Rabbets,
.CA Squirrels Dray.
Venifon, or Venaifon, is fo called, from the means
whereby the Beafts are taken, qmniam ex Venatione cap-
untur '•) and being hunted, are moft wholfome.
Beafts of Venary (not Venery, as fome ciall it) are fo
termed, becaufe they are gotten by Hunting.
No Beaft of the Forelt that is folivagam & mcivum
is Venifon, as the Fox^ the Wolf^ the Martin^ becaufe
they arc no meat. The Bear is no Venifon, becaufe
not onely that he is Animal nocivum & folivagam >
but
14 ipuntet^ €erm0.
but becaufe he is ho beaft of the Foreft, and whatfo=«
ever is Venifon rauft be a beaft of the Foreft i fed non k
converfo. On the other fide » Animalia gregalia non
funt nociva, as the Wilde Boar j for naturally the Hrft
three years he is Animal gregale i and after trufting to
his own ftrength, and for the pleafure of man, becom-
cth Splivagum, He is then called Sanglicr, becaufe he
is Singulam : but he is Venifon, and to be eaten. The
Hare is Venifon too, which Martial preferreth before all
others*
Inter ^adfupedes gloria prima Lepof,
So are the Ked-Deer and FaVovp-Vesr Venifon : ridt
Cdo/^Inft. 4. pag. 5 1 6, Give me leave to infert here
out of the fame Author two Conclufions in the Law of
the Foreft, which follow from hence. Firft, Whatfo"
ever Beaft of the Forell is for the food of man, that is
Venifon : and therewith agrecth Virgil^ defcribing of a
Feaft,
Implentur Veterit Bacchi pingaifque fgrin£.
They had their belly full of Old Wine and Fat Veni-
fon. So Venifon was the principal Difti of the Fealh
Secondly, Whatfoever Bealt is not for the food of
man, is not Venifon. Therefore Capriulus^ or the Koe^
being no Beaft of the Foreft, is by the Law of the
Foreft no Venifon unlefs Hunted. Nature hath en-
dewed the Beaitsofthe Foreft with two qualities, Swift-
nefs, and P>ar s and their Fear increafcth their Swift-
ncfs.
Vedihm timor addidit aUf,
Virt Is any thing tiut beaieth green Leaf, but efpc-
cially of great and thick Coverts, and is derived ayiru'
ditjte.
dltate. Vert is of divers kinds i fome that bearcth
Fruit that may fervc for food both for man and beafts,
as ServiCe-trces, Nftt- trees. Crab-trees, &c. and for the
fhelter and defence of the Game. Some called Haut-
hoys ferving for Food and brovvfe of and for the Game,
and ^or the defence of them ; as Oaks, Beeches, &c.
borne Hautboys for Browfe, Shelter, and Defence onely ',
ILs^fhes PopJars,^c. Of Sub-bays, fome for Browfe
atid Food of the Game, and for Shelter and Defence i
as Maples,8cc. Some for Browfe and Defences as
Birch, Sallow, milow, &c. Some for Shelter and De*
fence onely •, as Elder, Ald^r, &c. Of BuOies and other
Vegetables, fome for Food and Shelter, as the Htw-thor^u
Black:thorn,8cc. Some for hiding and (lielter, as Brakes,
Gorfi, Heath^Scc. Vert, as I faid, comes a Vhidi i thence
ymdant, becaufe their Office is to look after the prefer-
vationof ther^r^ which in truth is the prefervatlon of
Venifon.
Terms for Flaying, Stripping, and Cafvig of
all manner of CHASES,
The Hart and all manner of Vscr are (lain : Huntf-
men commonly fay, Take off that Deer's Skin. The
Hare IS Stripped or Gafed •, and fo is the Boar too, ac-
cording to the opinion of the Antients. The Fox, the
Badger, and all manner of Vermin are cafed, beginning
at the Snout or Nofe of the Beaft, and fo turn his Skin
over his Ears down to the Body till you come to the
Tropcr Terms far the Noifs of Hound r.
When Hounds are firft cart off, and find fome Gams
or Chafe, we fay They Challenge. If they are too bufie
before tliey hnd the fcent good, we fay, They Barvl. If
^ they
1 6 "^mxti^ %znx[^.
they be foo bufie after they find good fcent, We fay,
7hey Babble. If they run it end- ways orderly, makuig
it good, and then hold in together merrily, we fay, they
are in full Cry. When Spaniels open in the ftring, Cor a
Grey-hound in his courfe) we fay, 7bcy Lapfe. When
Hounds hang behinde, and beat too much upon the
fcent or phce, we fay, 7hy Plod. And when they have
either Earthed a Virmin, or brought a Veer, Boar, or
fuch-like to turn head againft them, then we fay, ihey
Bay.
Different Terms for Hounds and Grey-hounds,
Of Grey-hounds, two make a Brace \ of Hounds, a
CoHpk. Of Grey- hounds, three rhake a Leace i and of
Hounds, a Couple and half.
We let flip a Grey - hound, and caft off a Hound*
The firing wherewith we lead a Grey-hound, is called
a Leace i and for a Hound, a Lyome. The Grey-hound
hath his Collar, and the Hound hath KisCoitples, We
lay , a Kennel cf Hounds, and a Pack of Beagles.
Some other differences there are, but thefe are the molt
ufual.
where we find Veer have lately paffed into Thickets,
&c. by which we guefs their greatnefs, and then put
the Hounds or Beagles thereto for the View, we account
(uch places Entries,
The ImprelTion where any Veer hath repofed or har-
boured, we call a Layr.
When the Hounds or Beagles Wt the fcent of their
Chafe contrary , as to hit it up the wind when they
Ihould it down, we then fay, they Vraxp amiji.
When the Hounds or Beagles take fre(h fcent, hunt-
ing another Chafe, until they (tick and hit it again , we
fay, they Hunt Change.
When the Hound's or Beagles hunt it by the Heel, wc
idL^ythcyHmit Counter, When
When the Ghafc goes off, and comes on again tra-
verfing the fame ground, to deceive the Hounds or
Beagles, we fay, rhey H^mt the Foil.
When we fet Hounds in readinefs where we cxpcd
the Vm- will come by, and then calt them off when the
either Hounds are pafs'd by, we account that a Relr.v.
When Hounds or Beagles have rinilh'd their Chafe by
the death of what they purfued, and then in rebuijalarc
ted by the hands of the Huntfman or odiers, we call
tnat their Reward.
Hiu.tfmen when they go drawing in their SpriiTPs
at R/r^-Hunting, ufually make Dew-rounds, which we
CzW Ri^igivalkj.
. When any Deer is hard hunted, and then b-takcs
InmleU to fwiminir.g in ar,y River, j^c. then we fay, lie
tikes Soyl. ■"
When Veer cali their Horns,- we Cj^y, they M^.
7uu ^^^"^ ^'^^^ ^^ ^ Falbr^^lJcn is called P/-/^
When Huntfmen endeavour to find a Han by the Slot,
&c. and then ti}inde his fl'ep to kncav whether he is 2rcat
\m^' ^hcy then fay, they know hiin by his Gate.
When Pwrubandpulh their heads againll Trees to
caule the Pills ot their new Horns come off we fav thev
r ray. .■> J
When Veer, after being hard run, turn head aeaihft
the Hounds, we fay, they Bay.
When Hounds or Beagles run long without openino;
oi making any cry, we fay, they run Muie,
When Hounds or Beagles at hilt hnding the fcenf of
CW/S""^ P^^^^»^'y ^P'^" and cry, we then (ay, the/
^ When Hounds run at a whole Herd of Veer, we fav,
they Run Riot, " '
When the Hounds touch the fcent, and draw on till
hey rou.e or put up the Chafe, we fay, they Vra^ on
we blot,
<^ 2 When
1 8 l^untttsi Ccctti^*
When a J?(je crolTes and doubles, it is caUccl Trajdning,
When a Hare, as fometimcs (ihough fclclom) takes
the ground like a Coney^ wc then (ay, (he Gow to the
Vault.
When wc beat the Bulhes, &c, after the FoXy we call
it Drarving.
When a Hjr« runs on rotten ground, or in a Froft
fometimes, and then it (\icks to her Feet, we fay, (he
Carryeth.
When the Fox hath young ones in her, we fay, (he
is rptthCuh.
When Beagles bark and ay at their Prey, we fay,
they Team.
A Red Male Heart of an year old, is called a ^/?///cr.
A Kayii'Veer^ is a bea(\ like an Hearty but hath his
Head fuller of Antliers.
A Prick^r^ is a Huntfman on Horfe-back.
Engines that we take Veer withal, are called Wiles,
When we (et Hounds or Beagles in readinefs, expe-
cting the Chafe to come by, and then ca(t them off be*
fore the reft come in, we call it a Vawulay.
When Hounds or Beagles find where the Ghafe hath
been, and made a proffer to enter, but returned, we fay,
there is a Blemijh,
Wc fiy Hott^ to a Veer.
When we Hart a Hare, we fay, that^that^ or TkrCy
there.
The Call, a LeiTon blowed on the Horn to comfoit
the Hounds.
A Kechtat, a Ltffon likewife blown on the Horn.
Tlie Mort QtVeatb, is blown at the death of any Veer,
There are feveral other LefTons, which you may rind in
the Sculpture of Notes for blowing on the Horn.
There are feveral Hour-ds and Beagles which wc
have different Titles fori as Gaze-hound, Blood-hound,
Staunch-hound, Harrier, and Tcriier, &c. But we ge-
nerally
?)unter«E( Cerm^* ip
ncrally in all our Kennels and Packs rank them under
thefe heads ; Enteren^ Drivers^ Flyers^ ly^^^i ^^'
And now to conclude our difcourfe of general Terms
at this place, give us leave to infcrt, for fuch young
Gentlemen as in time may keep a Kennel, fome ufual
Names ot Hounds and Beagles.
ACATALOGUEof fomc general Names
o F
Hounds and Beagles.
B Anger
Beauty
Blue-man
Blue' cap
Eoman
Bonny
Bouncer^
Captiin
Capper
Chanter
Comteji
Cryer
C£jar,
Vido
'Driver
Drunkard
DrHmmer.
Damofel
"Darling
Dutchefl,
Danctr
Vaphnu
Fancy
Fidler
Flippant
Flurry
Fuddle,
Gallant
Gawdy*
Heaor,
Juggler
Jen>el
Jocky
Jenny
Joler
JoUyboy
Jupiter
Juno.
Keep/r
Kilbucki
Lively
lively
Cj
Lady
Lilly
Lillups.
Madam,
Maulkin
Merryboy
Mop fie
Motley
Muficki
Nancy
Nader,
Plunder
Tleafant
Pluto,
Kochrpood
Kingwood
Rover
Kanter
Katler
Kuler
Ranger
Koy.
20
Kapper
Kuffler.
Spanker
Sifjgn>el
Srveetlipj
Smtndvpel
Stately.
Troler
llmndiT
7bUbe
Tritefcent
Trycr,
Venus
Vulcan
Violet.
'Iructove.
Trickier
Tattler
Tulip
Truelips
Touchjione
Traveller
Tracer
Touler
Tuncivel
Ijdingf
Trou'icer
Truiiy
Wanton
Wnndcr
IVinder
IVhipjler,
Tcrkcr
loUnh^r.
Some other Terms and Defcriptions relating more
particularly to ForeH and f ore fl- Laws.
A Forell^ is a place priviledgcd by Royal Authority,
jTS and differs from Park, Wancn, and Chafe, and
is on purpofe allotted for the peaceable abiding and
nourifhment of the Beafts and Fowls thereto belonging.
For which there ate certain peculiar Laws, Officers, and
Orders i part of which appear in the Great Cliarter of
the Foreft.
A Forejicr^ is an Officer of the Forert, fworn to pre-
fcrve the Vert ar,d Venifoo therein, and to attend the
wild hearts within his Bailiwick, and to watch, and
endeavour to keep them fafe by day and night. He is
likewifc to apprehend all Offenders in Vert and Veni-
fon, and to prefent them to the Courts of the Fored,
to the end they may be puniChed according to their of-
fences,
A
A Turlieu^ is all that ground adjoyning to Forefts,
which being made Foreft by Henry the fecond, Richard
thefirft, or King J(?/;a7, were ^by perambulations gran-
ted by Henry the third, and fevered again from the
fame.
A Purlieu-mzn, is he that hath ground within the
Turlieu^ and hath 40 s, a year Free-hold s and fuch a
one with fome caution may hunt within his own Fitv-
lieu,
A Kegarder, is an Officer of the Kings Foreft, that i?
fworn to take care of the Vert and Venifon, and to view
and enquire of all the offences committed within the
Foreft, and of all the Concealments of them •, and
whether all other Officers do execute their Office or
not.
TFoodgeld, is the gathering or cutting of Wood in
the Foreft, or the money paid for it to the ufe of the
Forefters i or an Immunity for this by the King's
Grant.
A Kamger^ In fome Forefts there are twelve Kaun-^
gert^ whofe Offices are to Jook after the Purlieu^ and
drive back the wild Beafts into the Foreft again i and to
fee, hear, and enquire of offenders there, and to piefcnt
their offences.
A Verderor^ is an Officer of the King's Foreft, and
chofen by the Free-holders of the County where the
Foreft is, by the Kings Writ directed to the Sheriff for
that purpofe. Their Office is chiefly to look after the
Wood and Grafs in the Foreft.
An Agijior^ is an Officer of the Foreft that takes in
to feed the Cattle of Strangers, and receives for the
Kings ufe all fuch tack -Money as becomes due from
thofe Strangers.
A Chafe^ is a place ufed for the receipt of Deer
and Beafts of the Foreft : It differs from a Foreft and
Park. It may be in the hands of a Subje(5t, which a
G f, Foreil
Foreft in its proper nature cannot be. Neither is itin-
clofed as a Park always is , and it hath a larger coHnpafs,
more ibre of Game, and more Keepers and Over-
feers,
ExpeJitate^ is (C^Uh Mr. Crompton) the cutting out
the bill of the Foot of great Dogs in the Fore!t j but
(faith Mr, Mj/iwood) it is the cutting off the three
fore-Claws by the Skin •, and that the owne,r of every
fuch Dog, unexpeditated in the Forert, (hall forfeit 3 j.
Fence Months hath 3 1 days, begins 1 5 days before
Midpfmmer^ and ends 15 days after: In which time it
is unlawful for <iny to hunt in the Foreft, or to go a-
rpongft the Veer to diiquict them i becaufe it is the time
cf Fawning.
Frank^Chafe^ is a liberty of free Chafe in a Circuit
annexed to a Foreft, whereby all men that have ground
wirhin the circuit are forbidden to cut down Wood, or
difcover,d''<:- within the view of the Forelkr, though it
be his own Demefne,
Green-hiie, or Vert, they both fignifie one thing ,
it being every thing that doth drow and bear green
Leaf within the Foreft, that may cover and hide the
Deer,
Over Vert, is all manner of high Wood.
Nether Vert, is all forts of under-wood. Brulhwood
is called Cablifb.
Horngeld, is a Tax within the Foreft for all manner
of horned beafts.
Footgeld, is an Amercement on fuch as live within
the Foreft, for not expeditating their Dogs. And to
be quit of Footgeld , is a privikdgc to keep Dogs
thefe Unlawed without Puni(hment or Controlc-
ment,
Parpnage, is Money taken by the Agiftors for the
feed of Hogs with the Mart of the Kings's Foreft \
hut
but ( Mr. Crompton faith) it is moft properly the Maft,
Woods, Lands, or hedgM Rows, or Money due to the
owncrsof thefamcfor it. ,
A Scotale^ is where any Officer of the Foreft doth keep
an Ale-houfein the Forell by colour of his Office, caufing
men to come to his Houfe, and to fpend their tt'oney
there for fear o^ having difpleafure i but this is forbid-
den by Charts Forejf.
Perambulation^ is the admeafurement and fetting
down of Bounds and Limits to the Foreft.
Drift of the Forcji^ is an exaft view and exannination
taken at certain times, as occafion ftiall ferve, to know
what bealh are there i that none Coinraon there but ^
fuch as have right \ and that the Foreft be not over-
charged with the beafts of Forreigners,
An AJfart^ is a great otfence committed in the Fo-
reft, by grubbing up the Woods, Coverts, and Thic-
kets, and making them plain as Arable Land, or the
like.
Minoverie^ is a Trefpafs or Off:;nce committed by
fome Engine fet up in the Foreft to catch Veer, or the
like.
tritii^ is a freedom that one hath from holding a
Grey-hound in ones hand when the Lord of the Foreft
is hunting there, or to be amerced for his default.
Prtitoforefiariuf , was a great Officer heretofore in
W}ndfor Foreft.
Stablejiandy is when one is foui^d ftanding in the
Foreft with his Bow ready bent to ftioot at any Veer or,
with his Grey-hound in a Leafe ready to flip.
Swainmote, or Sn^anaimote , is a Court appointed
to be held thrice in a year within a Foreft? the firft,
15 days before MiQhaelmas '■> the fecond, about Mctr-
tinrriMt and the third, 15 days before Sujohn Ba^
tijl
Clsiminage^ is taken by Forefters in fee throughout
their
24 SDf Dogjaf.
their Bailiwick for Bufhes, Timber, &c. and fignifies the
fame with Toll.
Jfforef}^ is to turn Land intoForell.
Vifcifforeji^ is to turn Land from being Foreft to o
ther ufes.
Let what hath been faid be fufficient for an Introda-
<9:ion, and let us conclude it with a perfwalion to all
generous Souls not to flight this nnble and worthy Ex-
ercife, ("wherein is contained fo much health and plea-r
fure ) For the hefotting Senfualitlcs, and wicked De-
{jaucheries of a City, in which the courfe of Nature (eems
to be inverted, Day turnM into Night, and Night into
Day \ where there is little other Recreation but what
Women, Wine, and a Bawdy Flay can afford them -,:
whereby, for want of Labour and Exercife, Mens Bo-
dies contain as many Difeafes as are in a fickly Hofpi-
tal. .
0/ D O G S in ^nexal.
AS tli^re is no Country in the World wherein there
is not plenty of Dogs, fo no Animal can boail: ot
greater variety both in fhape and kind-
Some Dogs are very great, as the //-Vf-dog, which ,
is (haped like a Grey-hound, but by much taller, lon-
ger, and thicker i fome are for the B«c/;^, others for
the "Boat^ Bear^ and Bull i fome for the Htre^ Coneys
and Hedge-hog > fome are both for Wata and Land,
and they are called Spaniels i other are called Lur-
chers, Tumblers, Brachers, Beagles, &c. As for Shepr
herds Dogs, foifling Curs, and fuch whom fome fond
Ladies make their daily , nay nightly Companions
* too.
loo, I (ball pafs over, being neither worthy to be in-
(erted in this Subjed, nor agreeable thereunto : where-
fore I (hall onely treat of fuch whofe natures do in-
cline them to Ganne, for mans Paftime and P^ecreati-
on.
In the firfi: place, let u« confider the Nature of Dogs
in general, wherein they agree, an4 their corrimon
properties of Nature, fuch as are not deftroyed in the
di'lindtion of kinds, but reniaio like infallible Truths,,
and invariable in every kind and Country through the
Univcrfe, Dogs (as it is to be obferved) are gene-
rally rough i and their Hair indifferently long fwhich
in Wintcrr they lofe every year) is a figne of a good
conlHtution i but if it grow? over-long, the Mange will
follow. The outward proportion of the Head altereth
as the kind aUereth, haying no commiifure or feam
in the Skull, beiog a copitinued bone without feparati-
pn.
The befi Dogs (in Pliny^s Opinion; have flat Noftrils,
yet round, folid, ajid blunt ; Their Teeth are like Saws,
which they change in the fourth month of their age : and
by them is their age difccrncd i for while they are white
and (harp, it difcovers the youth of a Dog i but vjhen
they grow blackilh or dusky, broken and. torn, they dc-
monltrate the cider age.
The Brcalt of a Dog is narrow, fois his Ventricle :
for which caufe he is always in pain in the difchargirig his
Excrements.
After they have run a Courfe, they relieve tliemfelves
by tumbling and rowling to and fro. When they Ue
down, they turn round in a circle two or three times to-
gether i wiiich they do for no other caufe, but that
they may the more commodioufly lie round, and from
the Wind.
Jn their fleep they often dream, as may appear by
thei{ barking. Here obfeive, that they who love to
keep
keep Dogs, muft have a fpecial care that they let them
not rteep too much, cfpecially after their Meat, when
they are young : for as they are very hot, fo in their
fleepdoih their heat draw much pain into their Sto-
mack and Ventricle. The time of their Copulatiooi
is for the moft part at a year old i yet the Femalesi
will lua after it fooner i but they (hould be reftraincdi
from it, becaufe it debilitates their Body, and dullsi
their Generofity. After the expiration of a year,
they may be permitted to copulate i it matters not
whether in Winter or Summer, but it is beft in the
beginning of the Spring : but with this caution, that
Whelps of a Litter, or of one and the fame Bitch, be
never fuffered to couple •, for Nature delights in varie-
ty-
In antient time, for the more ennobling of their race
of Dogs, they would not permit them to ingcnder
till the Male was four year old, and the Female three i
for by that means the Whelps. would prove more
itrong^and lively. By Hunting, Labour, and TravcJ,
the Males arc made more fit for Generation, and they
prove bert which have their Siers of equal age. When
they grow proud, give them Leaven mingled with
Milk and Salt, and they will not (iray and ramble a-
broad.
It is not good to preferve the firft or fecond Litter^
but the third : and after they have littered, it is good to
give the Bitch Whey and Barley-bread i for that will
comfort her, and increafc her Milk : or take the Bones
of broken Meat, apd feeth them in Goats-Mi'k i which
nutriment will Hrengthen very much both Dam and
Whelps.
There is no great regard to be had as to the Food
of a Dog, for he will eat any thing but the Fle(h of
his own kinde \ for that cannot be fo drefled by the
art of Man, but they find it out by their Nofe, and
a-
avoid it. U is good to let the Whelps fuck two
Months before they be weaned, and that of their own
Dam.
Put Cummin now and then in their bread, it will
cure or prevent Wind in their bellies i and if Oyl be
mingled with that Water they lap, they will prove
more able and fwift to run. If he refufe and loath
his Meat , give him a little hot Bread , or dip brown
Bread in Vinegar, and fqeeze the liquor thereof into his
Nofc, and it will eafe him.
There is fome difficulty tochufe a Whelp under the
Dam that will prove the beft of the Litter. Some
obferve that which feeth lalt, and take that for the
bert : others remove the Whelps from the Kennel,
and lay them feveral and apart one from the other >
then watch they which of them the Bitch firlt taketh
and carrieth into her Kennel again , and that they
take f'T the bell \ or elfe that which vomiteth laft of
all. Some again give for a certain rule to know the
beft, that the fame which weigheth le4(t while it fuck-
cth will prove the belt, according to the Verfes of Nc'
mtfian :
Fondere nam Catuli poterU perptndert virif^
Corporibtffque Uves gravibuf pernofcere cur fa.
But this is certain, that the lighter Whelp will prove the
fwifter, and the heavier will be the ftronger.
As foon as as the Bitch hath littered, it is requifite te»
chufc them you intend topreferve, and throw away the
rcrt : keep the black, brown, or of one colour, for the
fpotted are not much to be accounted of ., but of Hounds,
rpotted are to be valued.
There is not any Creature irrational, more loving
to his Malter, nor more fcrviceable than a Dog, cn-
ikring blows from his hands, and ufing no other means
to
28 ^fDOtJ0.
to pacifie his difpleafure, than Humiliation and profln-
tioni and after beating, turneth a Revenge into a more:
fervent Love. Irrational, did I fay, > I may miliake, if
'vthiK. JElianiis reports be true, who thought Dogs have;
Reafon, and ufe Logick in their Hunting , for they vt-ill
caft about for the Game, as a Difputaot doth for the
truth •, as \i they fliould fay, the Hare is gone either oti
the leh hand, the right, or (Haight forward ; but not oiii
the left or right, Therefore Itraight forward. Where-
upon he runneth forthright after the true and infallible'
footfteps of the Hare.
0/ Do G s for Hunting. Of tlie Homd Raclid '
and S L u T H - H o u N l>, fo called in
- Scotland , and hy the . Germans-
SCHLATHUND.
'T^Here are in 'England and Scotland two kindes oi
i Hunting -Dogs, and no where elfe in ail the
World : The firft kind is called Am Kache, and this is
a Foot-fcenting creature both of wild Bealls, Birds,
and Fifties alfo, which lie hid among the Rocks : the
Female hereof in England ii called a Brachc. A Brach ,
is a mannerly name for all Hound - Birches. The fe-
condin Scotland is called z Sluth-hnund, being a lit-
tle greater than the Hunting-Hound, and in colour
for the moft part brown or (andy fpotted. The fenfe
of Smelling isfo quick in thefc, that chey can follow the
Foot-aeps of Thieves, and purfue them with violence
until they overtake them : nay, Ihould the Thief take the
Water, fo eager they are in their purfuit, that they wiJI
fwim after them ; and are reftlefs till they find the
thing they feek after : For this is common in the Border"?
of England 3ind Scotland^ where the people were wont to
live much upon Theft : and if the Dog brought his Lea-
der to any houfe where they may not be fuff^red to en-
ter, they take it for granted that there is botji the ftoleti
Goods, and the Thief alfo.
Of the B L o o D - H o u N D.
THe Blood-hound differeth nothing in quality from
the Scotifh Sluth«hound, faving that they are more
largely fized, and not always of one and the fame co-
lour : for tlicy are fometimes Red, Sanded, Black,
White, Spotted, and of all colours with other Hounds,
but raoft commonly either brown or red.
The Germans call this beaft Langhund^ becaufe their
Ears are long, thin, and hanging down i and they dif-
fer not from vulgar Dogs in any other outward propor-
tion, than onely in their Cry and Barking. Their na-
ture is, being fet on by the voice and words of their Lea-
der, to caft about for the fitting of the preTent Camei
and having found it, will never ceafe purfuing it with
full cry, till it is tired, without dianging for any other.
They feldome bark, except in their Chafe, and are
very obedient and attentive to the Voice of the Lea-
der.
They which are white, are faid to be the quickelt
fcented, and fureft Nos'd, and therefore beli for the
Hare : The black ones for the Boar ^ and the red for
the Hart and Koe. This is the Opinion of fome, but
none of mine i becaufe their colour C efpccially the
latter ) are too like the Game they Hunt : although,
there can be nothing certain collected of their colour,
yet is the black Hound hardier, and better able to
endure cold than the other which is white. They
muit
3© SDf DO01EJ*
muft be t!e<3 up till they hunt, yet fo as they be let
loofe now and then a little to cafe their Bellies i for it
is nccefTiry that their Kennel be kept fweet and dry*
It is queftionable how to dilcern a Hound of excel-
lent fenfe : yet feme are of the Opinion that the fquarc
and flat Nofe is the belt figne thereof j likewife
a fmall Head, having all his Legs of equal length s his
Breall not deeper than his Belly, and his Back plain to
his Tail i his Eyes quick, his Ears hanging long i his
Tail nimble, and the beak of his Nofe always to the
Earth i and efpecially fuch as are molt filent, and bark
kaft»
Contlder now the divers and variable difpofitions of
Hounds in their finding out the Beaft. Some are of
that nature, that when they have found the Game,
they will Itand Itill till the Huutfman come up, to
whom in lilence, by their Face, Eye, and Tail, they
fhcw the Game : others, when they have found the
foot-fteps ,^ go forward without any voice or other
(hew of Ear or Tail : Another fort when , when they
have found the footings of the Bealt, prick up their
Ears a little, and either bark or wag their Tails i
and others will wag their Tails , and not move their
Ears.
There are fome again that do none of thefe , but
wander up and down barking about the furelt marks,
and confounding their own toot-lteps with the Beafts
they hunts orelfe forfakc the way , and fo run back
again to the hrlt hcadi but when they fee the Hare^
are affraid, not daring to come near her, except (he Hart
firft. Thefe, with the other which hinder the cun~
ning labours of their Collragues, trulling to their Feet,
and running before their betters, deface the belt mark,
or elfe hunt counter, and take up any falfe fcent for
the truth j or, which is more leprehenfible, never for-
fakc the High-ways, and yet have not learned to be
filent
Client : Unto thefe you may alfo adde thofe which can-
not difccrn the Footing or Pricking of a H^re, yet will
they run fpecdy when they fee her, purfuing her hot-
ly in the beginning, and afterwards tire, or hunt lazi-
ly. All thefe are not (o be admitted into a Kennel of
good Hounds.
On the contrary, thofe Hounds which are good
when they have found the Hare^ make (hew thereof to
the Huntfman, by running more fpeedily, and with
gefture of Head, Eyes, Ears, and Tail, winding to the
Fourm or Hares Mufc, never give over profecution with
a gallant noife : they have good and hard Feet- and
fiately Stomack?.
Now whereas the nature of the Hare is fometimes
to leap and make headings, fometimes to tread foftly
with but a very fmall impreilion in the Earth , or
fometimes to lie down, and ever to leap or jump out
and into her own Form, the poor Hound is fo
much the more bufied and troubled to retain the fmall
fcent of her pricking which Che leaveth behinde her i
for this caufe it is requifite that you help the Hound,
not onely with Voice, Eye, and Hand, but with a
feafonable Time alfo: for in frofty weather the fcenc
freezeth with the Earth, fo that there is no certainty of
hunting till it thaw, or that the Sun arife. Likewifc
if very much Rain fall between the ftarting oi the Hare
and time of hunting , it is not convenient to hunt
till the Water be dried upi for the drops difperfc the
fcent of the Harci and dry weather coUedeth it again.
The Summer-time alfo is not for hunting, becaufe the
heat ot the weather confurneth the fcent •, and the nighc
being then but (hort, the Hare travelleth not far, feeding
onely in the morning and evening : befidcs, the fragran-
cyof Flowers and Herbs then growing, obliterates tlie
fcent the Hounds are guided by.
D The
52 ©f DOfflEf*
The beft time for hunting with thefe Hounds is in Au-
tumn, becaufe then the former Odours are wcakned, and
the Earth barer than at other time.
Thefe Hounds do not onely chafe their Game while
it ]ivc:th, but being dead alfo by any manner of ca-
fualry, make rccourfe to the place where it lieth, ha-
ving in this poijit an affured and infallible Guide,
namely, the Scent and Savour of the Blood fprinkled
here and there upon the ground : for whether the
Beaft being wounded doth notwithlhnding enjoy life,
and efcapeth the hands of the Hunifman i or whe-
ther the faid Beaft, being flain, is conveyed cleanly
out of the Park , ( fo that there be fome marks of
bloodfhed) thefe Dogs, withiro lefs facility and ealinefs,
than avidity and greedinefs, difclofe and bewray the
fame by Smelling , applying to their purfuit agility
and nimblencfs, without tedioufnefs j for which con-
lideration, of a fingular fpeciality theydeferved to be
called SangHinarii^ Blood - Hounds : And although a
piece of flefli be fubtilly ftolen, and cunningly con-
veyed away, with fuch provifo's and precaveats , as
thereby all appearances of Bloud is thereby prevented
or concealed , yet thefe kind of Dogs , by certain
direction of an inward alTured notice and private
mark, purfuc thefe defperate Def r - fiealers through
craggy Ways, and crooked Meanders, till they have
found them out : yea, fo cffedtual is their forelight,
that they can difcover, feparatc, and pick them out
from an inhnitc multitude •, creep they never fo far in-
to the thickcll throng, they will hnd them out notwith-
ftanding.
Of
SDf DOfiJSft 33
Of the G A 2 E - H o u N D.
T His Dog is little beholding in Hunting to his Nofe
or Snielling, but to iharpnefs of Sight altogether,
by the vcrtue whereof it makes excellent fport with the
fox and Hare,
This Dog will chufe and fcparate from amongfl a
great Flock or Herd, and fuch a one will it take by
eledion , as is not lank or lean , but full, far, and
round.
If a Beaft be wounded and go adray, this Dog will
fcek after it by the Ikadfallnefs of the Eye ; if it hap^
pen to return, and be mingled with the tefidue of the
Herd, this Dog will foon fpy it out, leaving the
relt untouched : and after he hath fet fure light upon
it, he feparateth it from the company \ and having
fo done , never ceafeth till he hath wearied it to
death.
This Dog is called in Latine ^gafeiis, becaufe the
beams of the Sight are fo ftedfallly fetled , and un-
movcably faltned. Thefe Dogs are much ufed in the
Northern part? of England, much more than in the
Southern \ and on Champion ground rather than in
bulhy and woody places : Horfemen ufe them more than
Footmen.
If it happen fo at any time that this Dog take a wrong
way, the Mafter making fome ufual fignc, and familiar
token, he returneth forthwith, and taketh the right
and ready courfe, beginning his Ghafeafrefh, and wirh
a clear Voice, and a fwift Foot, followeth the Game
with as much courage and nimblenefs as he did at tlie
Hrlf.
Of
^^ Dogs^.
Of the G R E Y - H o u N D.
AMong the divers kinds of Hunting-dogs, the Grey
hound, by reafon of his Swiftnefs, Strength, and
Sagacity to follow and purfue his Game, deferveth the
firft place i for fuch are the conditions of this Dog, as a
Philofopher obferveth, that he is reafonably fcented to
find out, fpeedy and quick of foot to follow, and fierce
and ftrong to take and overcome '-, and yet filent, com-
ing upon his Prey at unawares, according to the obfer-
vation of Gratius :
SicCanvi illafuos tadturnafupervenit hofier.
The beft Grey-hound hath a long Body, ftrong, and rea-
fonable great, not fo big as the JFolf-do^ in Ireland; a
neat (harp Head, and fplendant Eyes i a long Mouth,
and (harp Teeth i little Ears, and thin Griftles in them ■-,
a ftraight Neck, and a broad and ftrong Breaft •, his fore
Legs ftraight and (hort, his hinder Legs long and ftraighti
broad Shoulders, round Ribs, fle(hy Buttocks, but not
fat •, a long Tail, ftrong, and full of Sinews. Thus Ne-
mfian eloquently defcribes the beft of Greyhounds :
.. -^ Sit crurihm alt'vi^
Cojiarwnfitb fine decenter prona carinam :
Kenibuf ampla fatU validis dedudaq-, cor Of
Sit rigid ix, tnultamq--, gerat fuh peciore lato,
^£Jenfim ntrfiis ficca fe coVigat alvn :
Cmq\ nimis moUes flttitent in curfibm Ames,
Elige tunc curfu facilem, faci!emq-> recurfu^
Dumfetperant vires, dum Uto flore juventm^
Of
Of tliis kind, that is always the beft to be chofen among
the Whelps, which weigheth lighteft h for it will be foon-
eft at the Game, and fo hang upon it, hindering Its
fwiftnefs, till the Wronger and heavier Dogs come to
help and offer their afliltance i and therefore belides the
marks or ncceffary good parts of a Grey - honnd al-
ready fpoken of, it is requifite that he have large fides,
and a broad midriiT, that fo he may take his breath in
and out more cafily : his Belly muft be fmall h if other-
wife, it will hinder the fwiftnefs of his courfe : likewife
he murt have long Legs, thin and foft Hairs. And thefe
tnuft the Huntfman lead on his left hand, if he be afoot j
and on the right, if on Horfe-back.
The beft time to try them and train them to their
Game , is at twelve Months old i yet fome begin
fooner with them , that i$ , at ten Months if they
are Males, ^nd at eight if Females: yet it is fureft
not to ftrain them, or permit them to run a long
Courfe, till they be twenty Mouetjis old. Keep them
alfo in the Slip while they are abroad, until they can
fee their Courfe •, and loofen por a young Dog, until
the Game have been on foot for a good feafon, left be-
ing over-greedy of the Prey, he ftrain his limbs too
much.
The Grey-homds which are moft in requeft among the
Germain^ are called JFmdjpil^ alluding to compare their
fwiftnefs with the Wind ••> but the French make moft ac-
count of thofe that are bred in the Mountains of Valmoir
tia^ or in any other Mountains, cfpecially of Turkje i for
fuch have hard Feet, long Ears, and briftle Tails.
The Grey-hound (called by the Latins Leporarim) hath
his name from the word Gre^ which word foundeth Gra-
diis in Latine, in Englilli Degree s becaufe among all
Dogs, thefe are the moft principal, having the chiefeft
place, and being fimply and abf .-lately tlie beft of the
gentle kind of Hounds.
D ^ . Q4
3^ SDf £)O0j5*
Of the Harrier ^»^ Terrier.
TH« Hanier in Latine is called Leverarius^ or Sagax >
by the Greeks, Ichncuten^ of tracing or chafing by
the Foot.
Nature hath endewed rhis Creature with an admi-
rable gift of Smelling, and is bold and courageous in the
purfuit of his Game. There are feveral forts of them,
and all differ in their Services *. fome are for the Harc^
the Fox^ the lf^olf\ the Hart^ the Buck, the Badger^ the
Otter^ the Polecat, the IFcjJle^ the Coney^ &c. fome for
one thing, fome for another.
As for the Coney ^ we ufe not to hunt, but take it
fomctimes with a Net, fometimes with a Ferrety and
fometimes with a Lurcher or Tumbler. Among the fe-
veral forts oi Haniers^ there are fome which are apt to
hunt two divers Bearts, as the Fox fometimes, and other-
whiles the Hare ■■, but they hunt not with that good
fuccefs and towardnefs, who flick not to one fort of
Game.
The 'terrier hunteth the Fox and the Badger or Grey
onely : And they are called Terriers , becaufe they
( after the manner and cutiom of Ferrets in (earching
for Corny s ) creep into the ground, and by that
means affright, nip, and bite the Fox and the Badger^
in fuch fort, that either they tear them in pieces with
their Teeth , (being in the bofome of the Earth) or
elfe hale and pull them by force out of their lurking
Angles, dark Dungeons , and clofe Caves i or at the
leait, through conceived fear, drive them out of thciy
hollow Havbours, infomuch, if they are not taken by
Wet orothcrwifc, they are compelled to prepare for
flight,
flight i and being defirous of the next , though not
the fafeft refuge , they arc oft-times entrapped with
Snares and Nets lajd over Holes for the fame pur-
pofe.
0/Leviner. or Lyemmer.
THe Levincr is lingular in Smelling, and in Swift-
nefs incomparable. This is as it where a middle
kindc between the Harrier and the Grey - Hound^ as
well for his kinde, as the frame and (hape of his Body,
It is called in Latine Levinarim^ a Levitate^ of lightncls,
and therefore may well be called a Light-Hound. This
Dog, for the excellency of his Conditions, namely,
Smelling, and fwift Running, doth follow the Game
with more eagernefs, and taketh the Prey with a jolly
quicknefs.
0/ /;^^ T U M B L E R.
THe word Tumbler undoubtedly had jts derivation
from the French word 'Tumhier^ whicli figniries to
Tumble » to which the Latine name agrees, Venagus,
ftfom Vertere to turn, and fo they do; for in Hunting
they turn and tumble, winding their Bodies about cir-
cularly.^ and then fiercely and violently venturing on the
Bealt, do fuddenly gripe it at the very entrance or mouth
of their Holes or Receptacles, before they can make any
recovery of fclf-fecurity.
This Dog ufe^h another craft and fubtilty, namely,
D 4 when
3^ ©f DOgjS.
when he runneth into a Warjcen, ox fetcheth a courfe
about a Coney -hptou^h^ he hunts not after them, he
no ways affrights them., he (hews no fpight againft
them i but diffcmbring friendQiip, and pretending fa-
vour, piiTeth by with filence and quietncfs, marking
their Holes diligently, wherein he feldom is deceived.
When he cometh to a place where there is a certainty
of Coiieyr^ he coucheth down clofe with his Belly to
the ground, provided always by his Skill and Policy
that the Wind be againft him in that Enterprise, and
that the Coneys^ difcover him not where he lurketh i
by which means he gets the benefit of the fcent of
the Comys^ which is carried to him by the Wind and
Air, either going to their Holes, or coming out, either
palilng this way, or running that way s and fo order-
eth the bufinefs by his circumfpedtion, that the filly
Coney is debarred quite from his Hole , fwhich is the
Haven of their hope,' and the Harbour of their fafety)
q,nd fraudulently circumvented and taken before they
can get the advantage of their Holes. Thus having
caught his Prey, he carrieth it fpeedily to his Mafier,
waiting his Dogs return in fome convenient lurking
corner.
Thcfe Dogs are fomewhat lefTer than the Hounds be-
ing lanker, leaner, and fomewhat pfick-ear'd. By the
form and fafhion of their Bodies they may be juftly cal-
led Mieiigrel-Grey-bounds, if they were fomewhat big-
ger. But notwithftanding they countervail not the
Grey-howid in grcatnefs, yet will he take in one days
fpace as many Coneys as fhall arife to as big a burthen,
and as heavy a load as a Horfe can cary : For Craft and
Subtiky are the Inftruments whereby he maketh this
(poil, which pernicious properties fupply the places of
njore commendable qualities.
Let this fuffice for a talk : now, after fuch Dogs a^
fcjye punting, will foUoyv fuch ^s ferv? for gawking
-■-"■■■. - and
2Df DOJJS* 39
and Fowling h among which, the principal and chiefeft
is the Sj>miel, called in Latine Hijpaniolui, borrowing his
name from Bijp^ni'^ i wherein we Englifh-m.en, not pro-
nouncing the ACpiration H, nor the Vowel 2, for quick-
nefs and readinefs of fpeech, fay, Spaniel,
T
Of the Spani E L.
Here are two forts of Dogs which necefTarily
_ ferve for Fowling. The firft hndeth Game on
the Land, the other on the Water. Such as delight
on the Land, play their parts either by fwiftnefs^ oi
foot, or by often quefting to fearch out and to fpring
the Bird for further hope of reward, or elfe by fomc
fecret' figne and privy token, difcover the place where
they fall. The Hrli kinde of fuch ferve the Han\,
the'fecond, the Net or Train, The hrll kinde have
no peculiar names afligncd them , except they are
named after the Bird which by natural appointment
he is allotted to take i for which confideration, fomc
are called Dogs for the Falcon, the Pheafant, the Par-
tridge, and fuch-like : they are commonly called by one
name , viz. Spanids, as if they originally came from
Spain,
The Spaniel, whofe fervice is required in Fowling
on the Water, partly through natural inclination, and
partly by diligently teaching, is properly called Aqua-
iicm, as JVater- Spaniel, becaufe he hath ufual recourfe
to the Water , where all his Game lieth , namelv,
Water -fowl, which are taHen by theiif help in their
kind.
His fize is fomewhat big, and ot a meafurable great-
qsfs, having long, yough , and curled Hair, which
■ '• -^ ^ jpull
40 SDf Dofi:0.
muft be dipt in due feafon : for by leflening that fu-
perfluity of Hair, they become more li^ht and fwifr,
and are lefs hindred in fwimnning. Bui:!^ and Drakes
are his principal Game i whereupon he is likewile
named a Dog for a Dwc^, becaufe in that quality he is,
excellent.
0/ //;<? W H I T E -H O U N D.
THofe Hounds which are all of one colour, as all
white, arc the beft Hounds ; in like manner thofe
which are fpotted with red : but thofe which are fpot-
ted with a dun colour, are of little value, being faint-
hearted, and cannot endure much labour. But ftiould
they happen to be whelpt coal-black, which is but fel-
dom, they commonly prove incomparable Hounds. But
if white Hounds are fpotted with black, experience tells
us, they are never the beft H^re-hunters. White, and
black and white, and grey ftreak'd white, are alfo the
moft beautiful.
0/Fallo w-Hounds.
THey are hardy , and of good fcent , keeping well
their Chafe without change » but not fo fwift
as the white. They are of a ftrong conftitution, and
do not fear the Water •■, running furely, and are very
hardy, commonly loving the Hart beyond any other
Chafe.
The beft covnplexion for thcfe Fallow- Hounds, is the
lively
lively red, and fuch as have a white fpot in their Fore-
head, or have a Ring about their Neck ; but thofe which
are yellowifh, and fpotted with blacli or dun, are of lit-
tle eltimation. Thofe which are well joynted, having
good Claws, are ht to make Blood-hounds : and thofe
which have (bagged Tails, are generally fwift runners.
Thefe Hounds are fitter for Princes than private Gentle-'
men, bccaufe theyfeldom run more than one Chace j
neither have they any great l^omack to the Hare or o-
ther fmall Chafes : and, which is worft of all, they are
apt to run at tame Beafts.
Of the D u N ' H o u N T>.
THefc are good for all Chafes , and therefore of
general ufc. The beft coloured are fuch as are
dun on the Back, having their four quarters tann'd,
or of the complexion of aH^re's Legs: But if the Hair
on the Back be black, and their Legs freckled with red
and black, thc7 then ufually prove excellent Hounds:
and indeed there are few dun-coloured to be found bad i
the worft oi them are fuch whofeLegs are of a whitifh
colour. It is wonderful, in thefe creatures, toobferve
how much they (iick upon the knowledge of their Ma-
imer, efpecially his Voice, and Horn, and none's elfe.
Nay, farther , they know the diftindt Voices of their
Fellows, and do know who are Babblers and Liars,
and who not i aiid will follow the one, and not theo-
ther.
Now for Hounds, the Weft-country, Chejhire^ and
Lancajhire^ with other Wood - land and Mountainous
Countries, breed our Slorv-hound ■■, which is a large great
Pog, tall and heavy. fVorceJier - (hire^ Bedford -Jhire,
and
42 . ©f Dog0*
and many well-mixt foils, where the Champaign and
Govert arc of equal largenefs, produce a middle-fized
Dog , of a more nimble compofure than the former.
Lal\ly, the North-parts, as Torkcf^ire, Cumberland, Nor-
ihtmberland, and many other plain Champaign Coun-
tries, breed the Light, Nimble, Swift, Slender, Fleet
Hound. After all thefe, the little Beagle is attributed to
our Country i this is that Hound, which in Latine is
called CanU Agaftus, or the Gaze-homd. Befides our
MaflifF, v/hich fcems to be an Jndigena, or Native of
England, we train up moft excellent Grey -hounds
(which feem to have been brought hither by the Galls J
in our open Champaigns. All thefe Dogs have defer- •
ved to be famous in adjacent and remote Countries,
whither they are fent for great rarities, and ambitioufly
fought for by their Lords and Princes •-, although one-
ly the fighting Dogs feem to have been known to the
antient Authors j <md perhaps in that Age Hunting
was not fo much cultivated by our own Countrey* ■
men.
TIjc marks of a good and fair Hound,
His Head ought to be of a middle proportion, rather •
long than round •, his Noftrils wide i his Ears large •,
his Back bowed \ the Fillets great i the Haunches large i
the Thighs well truffed i the Ham llraight s the Tail
big near the Reins, and the reft (lender to the end i the
Leg big ■, the Soal of the Foot dry, and formed like a.i
Foxs^ with the Claws great.
Of
Of the Ele^ion of a Dog and Bitch
for good Whelps.
Your Bitch muft come of a good kind, being ftrong,
and well proportioned in all parts, having her Ribs
and Flanks great and large. Let the Dog that lines
her be oC a good fair breed -, and let him be young, if
you intend to have light and hot Hounds : for .if the
Dog be old, the Whelps will participate of his Dull and
heavy nature.
If your Bitch grow not naturally Proud lo iooji
as you would have, you may make her fo, by taking
two heads of Garlick, half a Caftor's Stone, the juice
of CreiTes, and about twelve Spanifti Flies, or Cantha-
rides : boil thefe together in a Pipkin which holds a
pint, with fome Mutton, and make Broth thereof^ and
of this give to the Bitch twice or thrice, and (he will in-
fallibly grow proud. The fame Pottage given to the
Dog, will make him defirous of copulation.
When your Bitch is lined, and with Puppy, you mufx
not let her hunt, for that will be the way to make her
cart her Whelps \ but let her uncontined walk up and
down in the Houfe and Court, and never lock her up
in her Kennel i for (he is then impatient ot food s and
therefore you mult make her fome hot Broth once a
day.
If you would fpay your Bitch, it muft be done be-
fore Qie ever had Litter of Whelps ; And in fpaying
her, take not away all the Roots or Strings ot the
Veins i for if you do, it will much prejudice her Reins,
and hinder her fwiftnefs ever after : but by leaving
fome behinde, it will make her much the ilronger and
more hardy. Whatever you do, fpay her not when (he
is proud i for that will endanger her life : but you may do
^ it
44 fiDf Do^^.
it fifteen days after. But the belt time of all is, when
the Whelps are (haped within her.
Hoiv to Cftier young "Hounh to Hunt the
Hart ; and what Quarries and Re^
ivards you (hall give them. '
Having firft taught your Hounds to know your Hal-
low, and the found of your Horn, then, about eighteen
months old, you muft lead them once % Week into the
fields, and not oftner.
The bed: manner to teach your Hounds , is to take
a live Uati^ and trail her after you upon the Earth,
now one way, now another •, and fo, having drawn it
a convenient (pace, hide it in the Earth : afterward fet
forth your Hound near the Trail, wlio taking Wind,
runneth to and fro near the Woods, Fields, Failures,
Path-ways, and Hedges, until he find which way the
Hatz is gone ; but with a foft and gentle pace, until
at length coming near the lodged /£zre, he mendeth his
pace, and belHrreth himfelf more fpeedily, leaping on
his Prey, and killing it, loadeth himfelf with his con-
quelt, and bringing it to his Mafkr with Triumph, he'
murt receive botli Dog and it with all tokens of love in-
to his Bofom.
When you hunt, let your Han be in prime of greafe^
for then he is heavier than in A^r'tl or A%, and cannot
ftand up fo long.
Then chufe your Foreft wherein the Relays are of
equal proportion : then place all your young Hounds
with five or fix old to enter them •, and then lead them
to the farthcft and laft Relay, and caufe the Han to be
hunted unto them. Being come up, uncouple your old
Hounds , and having found the Track of the Han., being
wellentred in cry, uncouple like wife your young Hounds:
and
^nd if you find any of them lag behinde, you muft beat
or whip them forward.
In what place foever you kill the Hart^ immediately
flay his Neck, and reward your Hounds : for it is beft
whilll it is hot fo to do.
There are feveral ways of entring Hounds. As ftrii,
by taking a Hart in Nets, and after you have cut off
one of his Feet, let him go : a quarter of an hour af-
ter, aflcmble your young Hounds s and having found
out the View or Slot of the Hart or Bmkjjy your Blood-
hounds, uncouple your young Hounds, and let them
hunt. Secondly, you may bring them to quarry, by
taking half a dozen Huntfmen, fwift of foot, each
whereof (hall have two couple to lead in Liams '■> and
having unbdg'd the Hart^ purfue him fair and foftly,
fo that you tire not too much your young Hounds.
After the Hart hath ran two or three hours, and that
you Hnd he begins to link, you may then cali off your
young Hounds : but beware it be not when he is at
Bay, and his Head full fummcd i for fo you may en-
danger the lives of your Hounds.
But the beft way of entring Hounds is at the Hare i
for thereby they will learn all Doubles and Turns, better
know the Hallow, will be more tender- nofed, and bet-
ter fccnted, by uling the beaten ways and Champion
grounds.
Here note, that with whatfoevcr you firft enter your
Hounds, and therewith reward them, they will ever af-
ter love that moft. Wherefore, if you intend them for
the Hart^ enter them not firf\ with the Hinde. And for
the better hunting thef£?r*, enter uot your youngHounds
within a Toil '■> for there a Hart -doth nothing but turn
and caft about, fince he cannot run end-long, and fo they
are always in fight of him. If then afterwards you (hould
run him at force out of a Toil, aiod at length, and out of
Ifight, you will find the Hounds to give him over quick-
ly. Lafl-
4<5 £Df Coutfiitff tiJitfj ^m^omm*
Laftly, enter not your Hounds nor (each them' in the
Mornuig i for if fo, you will hnd them apt to give o-
ver in the heat of the day.
0/ COURSING wkb Grey-Hounds.
Need not deckre the Excellencies which are con-
tained in the noble and worthy Exercife of Gour-
iing with Greyhounds^ fince it is fo well known to
all Gentlemen who fake delight in this pleafant and
healthy Paftime : I (hall therefore onely infift upon
the breed of Grey - hounds^ their Shape, their Diet,
and the Laws belonging to the fame , according as
they were commanded, allowed, and fubfcribed by
the Duke of Norfolk^^ in the Reign of Queen Eliza-
beth.
Firrt, for the Breeding of Grty-Bomds^ in this yoi
muft have refped to the Country, which Qiould b6<
Champain, Plain, or high Downs. The befl: Valley:
are thofe of Belvoir^ JFhitehorfe, and Evejpjolm, or an^
other where there are no Coverts, fo that a Hare mx
ftand forth and endure a Courfe of two or three miles
as for high Downs or Heaths, the belt are about Marl
horoHghy Sal'vfhury^ Cirencejier^ and Lincoln.
Though thefe places are very commodious for th
breeding and training up of Grey-Hounds ■-, yet, in m^i
opinion, the middle, or moft part arable grounds ar
the beft: and yet thofe Gentlemen who dwell oi
Downs or plain grounds, to keep up the reputatioi
of their own Dogs, affirm, that they are more ninfi
ble and cunning in turning than the Vale-Dogs are
and Mr. Markloam confeffeth that he hath feen
Vale-Dog fo much deceived, that upon a turn he hat ,
l(y
^f€oiimnc;mf)<^lzm)oinm. 47
loft more ground than haih been recoverable in the
whole Courfe after : however, with a little car'^, n a
Ihort time this errour may be rectified •, and then you
will experimentally find The good Vogs upon the VeefF
will ever beat the good Dogs ttpon the Plains.
It is a received opinion, that the Grey-homd-Eitch will
beat the Grey- hound-Dog, by reafon (he excelleth him in
nimblcnefs : but if you confider that the Dog is longer
and rtronger, you muft look upon that opinion no more
than as a vulgar errour.
Here note, as to the breeding of your Grey-homdfy
that the beft Dog upon an indifferent Bitch, will not
get fo good a Whelp as an indifferent D02 upon the
befi Bitch. ^
Obferve this in general as to breeding, let your Dogs
and Bitches, as near as you can, be of an equal age, no£
exceeding four years old : however, to breed with a
young Dog and an old Bitch, may be the means of pro-
ducing excellent Whelps, the goodnefs whereof you (hall
know by their Shapes in this manner.
If they are raw-bon'd, lean, loofe-made, fickle or
•rooked-hough'd, and generally unknit in every Mem-
ber i thefe are the proper marks of excellent (liape and
goodnefs : but if after thtee or four months they appear
round and clofe-truO, fat, ttraight, and as it were full
fummed and knit in every Member, they never prove
good, fwift, nor comely.
The goodnefs of fhape in a Grey-homd after a year
and a half old, is this : his Head muft be lean and long,
with a fharp Nofe, ruOi-grown from the Eye down-
ward i a full clear Eye, with long. Eye-lids-, a Oiirp
liar, fhort and clofe falling ; a long fQcck a little bend-
ing, with a loofe hanging Weafand \ a broad Breall,
n'^'l ,^?l'^*^^S'' hollow Side, ftraightRibs-, a fquare
11a t Back, Ihort and fcrong Fillets, a broad fpace between
the Hips, a ftrong Stern or Tail , a round Foot, and
good large Ckffs. F, Xh«
48 flDf Coutfinrr Uiitfj c^^ep^^otmtij?.
The Dieting of Grey -Hounds contilis in thefe four
things: Food.Exercife.Amng.^nd Kennelling.
Food of a Grey-hound is two fold : general, that is, the
maintaining of a Dog in good bodily condition i and
particular, when the Dog is dieted for a Wager, or it
may be for fomc Diften:iper he is atflidted with-
A Grey- hound's general Food ought to be Chippings,
Grulis of Bread, foft Bones and Grillles. Your Chip-
pings ought to be fcalded in Beef, Mutton, Veal or
Ven ifon- Broth i and when it is indifferent cool, then
make your Bread onely float with good Milk, and give
it your Grey-hounds Morning and Evening i and this
vvill keep them in good Hate of body.
But if your Dog be poor, fickly, and weak, then
take Sheeps-hcads, Wool and all, clean walh'd, and ha-
ving broken them to pieces, put them into a Pot •, and
when it boils, fcum the Pot, and put therein good ftorc
of Oatmeal, and fuch Herbs as Pottage is ufuaily made
0fi boil thefe till the Flelli be very tender: then with
the Meat and Broth feed your Dogs Morning and E-
venhig, and it will recover them.
., If you deligne your Grey- Hound ^ot ^ Wager, then
give him this Diet-bread^ Take half a peck of the
hncft and dtiell Oat-meal, and a peck of good Wheat,
having ground them together, bouk the Meal, and
fcattering an indifferent quantity of Liquori(h and
Annifeeds well beaten together ; knead it up^ with
the Whites of Eggs, new Ale and Barm mix'd to-
gether, and bake'^it in fmall Loaves indifferent hard j
then take it and foak it in Beef or any of the afore-
iaid Broths s and half an hour after Sun-rihng, and
half an hour before its fetting, having hrit walkt
and air'd your Grev-hound, give it him to eat. This
will not onely increafc his ilrength , but enlarge, his
Wind.
i;n.^aving thus fpoken of a Grey- Hound's Feeding,
,~ cither
cither generally or particularly , either for keeping
him in health, or rclioring it when it is loft, I (hall
in the next place proceed to his Exercifei and this
likewife confifts in two things, that is, Courfing, and
Airing.
As to the firft, he ought to be Courfed thrice a week,
in fuch manner that you ufually reward him with Blood,
which will animate and encourage him to profecute
his Game : but be not unmindful to give the Hare all
juft and lawful advantage, fo that (lie may ftand long
before the Grey-hound., that thereby he may (hew his ut*
moft ftrength and skill before he reap the benelit of his
labour.
If he kill, fufTer him hot to break the Hare^ but
take her from him i and having cleans'd his Ghaps
from the Wool of the H^^rc, then give him the Liver,
Lights, and Heart, and fo take him up in your Lea(hi
and having led him home, wa(h his Feet with Lome
Butter and Beer, and then put him into the Kennel, and
feed him half an hour afterwards.
Upon your Grey-hounds Courfing-days, give him iri
the' Morning before you air him, aTdaft and Butter or
Oyl, and nothing elfe i then Kennel him till he go to his
Gourfei
. The reafott of Kennelling your Grcy-homds is this^
becaufe it breeds in Dogs Lull, Spirit, and Nimbleneft I
bolides, it prevents feveral dangerous Cafualties, and
keeps the Pores from fpcnding till time ot neceility : and
therefore do not permit your Dog to llir out of the Ken-
hel but in the hours of Feeding, Walking, Courfing, ojt
other heceffary bufinefs.
The LatPi of the Lea(h or Comfifig*
, Though the Laws of Cour(ing may alter accor-
ding to foiTie mens fwiying Faticies i yet thefe, fub-
E 2 fctibci
50 SDf Coutfmof ttiit!) <^?ev=^otmti!?*
Tcribecl by the chief of the Gentry, were ever held au-
thentical. Take them thus in order, according to my
colledion out of Mr. Markloam.
Firft, it was ordered, that he who was chofen Few
ierer^ or Letter-loofe of the Grey-hounds^ (hould receive
the Grey'hounds Match to run together into his Leafti
as foon as he came into the Field, and follow next to
the Hare 'finder till he came unto the Form: and no
Horfe-man or Foot-man, on pain of difgrace, to go be-
fore them, or on any fide, but diredly behinde, the fpace
of forty yards or thereabouts.
2. That not above one Brace of Grey -hounds do
courfe a Hare at one inftant.
3. That the Hare-finder (liould give the Hare three
Sohoe's before he put her from her Lzar^ to make the
Grey-hounds gaze and attend her rifing.
4. That the Fetvterer fhall give twelve-fcore Law ere
he loofe the Grey-hmnds^ except it be in danger of lofing
fight.
5. That Dog that giveth the firft 7urn^ if after the
Turn be given there be neither Co^t, Slip^ nor IVrench
extraordinary i I fay, he which gave the firft T«r« (hall
be held to win the Wager.
<^. If one Dog give the firft Turn^ and the other
bear the Hare , then he which bare the Hare ftiall
win.
7. If one give both the firft and laft 7urn^ and no
other advantage be between them, the odde Turn ftiall
win the Wager.
8. That a Coat ftiall be more than two Turns^ and
a Go'by^ or the Bearing of the Hare equal with two
Turns,
p. If neither Dog turn the Hare^ then he which
leadeth laft at the Covert ftiall be held to win the
Wager.
10. If one Dog turn the Hare^ fcrve himfclf, and
turn
S)f Courfing tuitf) i^uv-'^onm^, 51
turn her again, thofe two Turns (hall be as much as a
Cojt»
I r. If all the Courfe be equal, then he which hear r
the Hare (hall win onely i and if (he be not born, the
Courfe mu(^ be adjudged dead.
12. If he which comes Hrft in to the death of the
Hare takes her up, and faves her from breaking, che-*
rifheth the Dogs, and cleanfeth their Mouths from the
Wool , or other filth of the Hare, for fuch courtefiQ
done he (hall in right challenge the Hare ; but not do-
ing it, he (hall have no Right, Priviledge, or Title there*
in.
1 3 . If any Dog thall take a fall in the Courfe, and
yet perform his part, he (hall challenge the advantage
of a I'tirn more than he giveth.
14. If one Dog turn the Hare , ferve himfclf, and
give divas Coatf^ yet in the end (land flill in the field,
the other Dog, without Turn giving, running home to
the Cover ft that Dog which ftood itill in the field (hali
be adjudged to lofe the Wager.
15. \i any man (hall ride over a Dog, and over-
throw him in his Courfe, ( (hough the Dog were the
worfe Dog in opinion, yet 3 the party for the offence
(hall either receive the difgrace of the Field, or pay the
Wager i for between the Parties it (hall be adjudged no
Courfe.
1 6. Laflly, thofe which are chofen Judges of the
Leajh (hall give their judgments prefcntly before they
depart from the Field, or elfe he in whofe default it
lieth (hall pay the Wager by a general Voice and Sep.-
tence.
Here note, that it lieth in the power of him that hath
^he Office of the Lea(h conferred on him, to make Laws
according to the Culloms of Countries, and the Hule o|
Reafojiv
, ■ ?. 3 Of
$a; f)f t6e ^tiW of !|)utttntff.
Of the S tiles of Hmttng different from the.
Englijh both Antique cmd Forrein.
THe Hunting ufed by the Antients was much like
that way which is at prefent taken with the
Kain-Deer^ which is feldom hunted at force or with
Hounds, but oncly drawn after with a Blood-hound,
and forcftaird with Nets and Engines. So did they
with all Beafts, and therefore a Dog is iiever commen-
ded by them for opening before he hath by fignesdifco-
vered where the Bea(t lieth in his Layre^ as by their
drawing (Hff our Harbourers are brought to give right
judgement- Therefore I do not hnde that they were
curious in the Mufick of their Hounds, or in a com-
pofition of their Kennel or Pack, either for deepnefs,
or loudnefs, or fweetnefs of cry like to ours. Their
Huntfmen were accuftomed to ftiout and make a
great noifc-, as Virgil obferves in the third of his Geor-
gicks:
Ingentem cJamore premej ad retia Cervum,
So that it was onely with that confufion to bring the
I^m- to the Nets laid for him.
But we coMifort our Hounds with loud and coura-
geous Cries and Noifes, both ot Voice and Horn, that'
they may follow over the fame viay that they faw the
H^r/ pafs, without crofling or coaOing.
The Sicilian way of Hunting was this : when the
Nobles or Gentry were informed which way a Herd
of Veer paiTed , giving notice to one another , they
appointed a meeting, and. every one brought with
' him
S)f Coutfinfi; tuitlj ^SieplpotmtijSf* 5 3
tiim a Crofs-bow, or a Lof-g bow, and a bundle of
Staves. Thefe Staves had an Iron-fpike at the bot-
tom, and their Head is bored, with a Cord drawn
through all ot them ■-, their length is about four foot :
Being thus provided, they come to the Herd, and there
cafiing themfelves about into a large Fling, they fur-
round the Veer ••, and then every one of them receives
a peculiar Ihnd, and there, unbinding his Faggot, ties
tlrc end of his Cord to the other who is fet in the next
ftation •■, then to fupport it, flicks into the ground each
Staff, about the dilhnce of ten foot one from the other.
Then they take out Feathers, which they bring with
them, dyed in Crimfon for this very purpofe, and fa-
ftned upon a Thred which is tied to the Cord, fo that
with the leaft breath of wind they are whirled round a-
bouf. Thofe which kerp :Ue feveial Stands, withdraw
and hide themfelves in the next Covert. After this,
the chief Ranger enters within the Line, taking with
him onely fuch Hounds which draw after the Herd \
and coming near with their cry, rou7ethem: Upcui
which the Veer fly till they come towards the Linc^
where they turn off towards the left, and ilill gazing_
upon the (baking and lliining Feathers, wander about
them as if they wtre kept in wirh a Wail or Pale. The
chief Ranger purfues, and calling to every one by^
name, as he paffeth by their Stand, cries to them, that
they (hoot the hrft, third, or lixth, as he fhall pleafe v
and if any of them mifs, and ii/igle out any other than
that which was alfigned by the Ranger, it is counted
a difgrace to him : by which mcatis, as they pafs by
the feveral Stations, the whole Herd is killed by (everal-
hands. This Relation is of undoubted truth, as you
may hnde it in Pkrius his Hierog!)fbick^f^ Lib. 7. Chap»
Eocjyvhunting is very ufual in franre^ and they calt
\i Sanglier. In this fort cf Hunting the way is to
E J-
54 ©f tfie @)tile0 of ^ptmtfuff.
ufe furious terrible Sounds and Noifes, as well of Voice
as Horn, to make the Chafe turn and fly •, becaufe
they arc flow, and trurt to their Tpsks and defence ;
which is Agere Apntm^ to bait the Boar. Yet thismuft
be done after his Den or Hold is difcovered, and the
Nets be pitched.
The Huntfmen give judgement of the TTild-Boar by
the print of his Foot, by his Rooting. A wild Swine
roots deeper than our ordinary Hogs, becaufe their
Snouts are longer i and when he comes into a Corn-
field^ (as the Caledonian - Boar in Ovid J turns up one
continued Furrow, not as our Hogs, routing here and
there ■, and then by his foil he foils and wallows him in
the myre : thefe are his Vohitahra Silvejlria^ where his
greatnefs is meafured out i then coming forth, he rubs
againft fome Tree, which marks his height i as alfq
when he flicks his Tusk into it, that (hews the great-
nefs thereof. They obferve the bignefs of his Lefles,
and the depth of his Den i where note, that they call his
Dung by the name of Lejfes.
Whenfoever the Boar is hunted and ftands at Bay,
the Huntfmen ride in, and with Swords and Spears
ftriking on that fide which is from their Horfes, wound
or kill him. This is in the French Hunting: but the
antient Komans imndiv\^ on foot, or fctting their Knees
to the ground, and charging direcftly with their Spear,
did Opponere ferrum^ and Excipcre Aprum : for fuch is
the nature of a Boar^ that he fpirs himfelf with fuiy, run-
ning upon the Weapon to come at his Adverfary i and
fo, feckinghis revenge, he meets with his own deliru-
dtion.
Though thcCQJFild- Boars arc trcqucnt in France^ vve
have none in England i yet it may be fuppofcd that here-
tofore we had, and did not think it convenient to pr6-
ferve that Game: For cur old Authors of Hunting
reckon them among(i tl.e bcafts of Vcnery h ani we
... '■■■', ■ '■ ' '' i:avc
£Df tfie %tiU^ of ijnintittff* 55
have the proper terms belongbg to them, as you may
find them at the beginning of the Book. Of Bom*
hunting you will read more hereaftcar.
There are no Roe-Veer in England ^ but there are
plenty of them in Scotland, as Sir Jamet Lindfay an old
Scottilh Writer teftifies.
Yet it may be thought that they have been moie
common in England^ becaufe our ancient Huntfmen
acknowledge the proper terms for this Chafe i and in
the firft place we have diftind Ages for thefe Vorcesy
which you (hall find in the Terms aforefaid. They
tnake good Chafe, ftand long, and fly end-way. Com-
pcllere Vorcas^ is to force the Bevy, and to drive them
into the Toyls.
Although we have no Wolves in England at this
prefent, yet it is certain that heretofore we had Routs
of them , as they have to this very day in Ireland y
and in that Country are bred a race of Grey - hounds^
( which are commonly called Wolf- T)ogs) which are
ftrong, fleet, and bear a natural enmity to the Wolf,
l^ow in thele the Grey-hounds of that Nation there is
an incredible force and boldnefs, fo that they are in great
eftimation, and much fought after in forrein parts, fo
that the King of Poland makes ufe of them in his
hunting of great Beafts by force. Wherefore it may
well b^ intended of the great fiercenefs which thefe
pogs have in aflaulting, that when the Romans faw
them play, they thought them fo wonderful violent, as
that they muft needs have been Ferreui caveis advehi^
brought up in Iron Dens.
In Poland when the King hunts, his fervants arc
wont to furround a Wood, though a Mile in compafs,
with Toyls which are pitched on Arm Stakes. This
being done , the whole Town, all Sexes and Ages
pron.ifcuoufly ru(h into the Inclofure, and with their
(oud ftiouts rear all the Beafts within that Wood i which
making
5^ ©nSJart-StuttmirJ
making forth, arc intercepted in the Nets. Their
fmall and great Beafts arc entangled together, after the
fame manner as when amongft us we draw a Net
oyer a Pond, and after beating it all over with Poles,
we bring out not onely Pik^ and Carp^ but lelTer Fryi
To they inclofe at once Peer, Boar, Roe-bHck, and Hare :
For fo they order their Nets, that the fpace of thofe
MeQies which are twifted with greater Cords, for the
entangling of greater Beafts, that fpace, I Tay, is made
up with (mailer Whip-cord, for the catching fmaller
Prey.
He hath a great race of Engli(h Maftiffs, which in
that Country retain their generofity, and are brought
up to play upon greater bcalls. It is not counted a-
mong them difagrecable to the Laws of the Chale, to
ufe Guns. I (hall now proceed to the manner of
Englifh- Hunting botli antient and modern, according
to the beft information I could gather either out of
Books , experienced Huntfmen , and my own pra-
dJice.
;;.» ;n
Of WdLXt-Hunt'iMg,
A Hart can naturally fwim a great way v infomuch
that I have heard of fome fo fore hunted in
Forefts near the Sea, that they have plung'd into it, and
have been killed by Fidier - men a doien miles from
land.
It is reported of them when they go fo Rut , and
muil for that purpofe crofs fome great River or Arm
of the Sea, they alTemble in great Herds, the llron-
geft goes in firll, and the next ot llrcngth follows hiiTi,
and fo one after the other, relieving themfelves
by
by flaying their Heads on the Buttocks of each o-
ther.
The Hinde commonly carries her Calf eight or nine
moneths, which ufually falls in May^ although fome la-
ter : fome of them have two at once, eating the Skin up
wherein the Calf did lie.
As the Calf grows up, fhe teacheth it to run, leap,
and the way it muft keep to defend it felf from the
Hounds.
Harts and Hindeszxt very long-liv'd, living common'^
ly an hundred years and upwards.
7he nature of a Hart.
The Hart is Aran gely amazed when he hears any one
call, or whiftle in his Filt \ For trial of which, fome fee-
ing a Hart in the Plain in motion, have called after him,
faying, Ware^ IFare^ or "take heed'-, and thereupon have
feen him inftantly turn back, making fome little ftand.
He heareth very perfectly when his Head and Ears are
crefted i but heareth imperfeftly when he holdeth them
down. When he is on foot, and not afraid, he won-
ders at every thing he fceth, and takcth plcafure to gaze
at them.
They bear fometimes few , and fomctimes more
Creches •, and that is the reafon that many men have
erred in their judgments as to their age.
Harts are bred in moll: Countries i, but the Antients
do prefer thofe of Britain before all others, where they
ire of divers colours.
Thefe do excel all others in the beauty of Horns*
which arc very high, yet do not grow to their Bones
3r Scalps, but to their Skin, branching forth into ma-
iy Speers, being folid throughout, and as hard as
Atones, and tall off once a year : but if they remain
ibroad in the Air, and ijiat thereby they are fometimes
wet
wet and dry, they grow as light as any vjmifliing oi
other fubftance, as I have proved by experience, find-
ing fonie which have been loft by them in the Woods
wherefore I gather, that they are of an earthly fubN
fiance, concrete, and hardned with a ftrong heat, made
like unto Bones. They lofe thcfe Horns every year
in the Spring. At one year old they have nothing
but Bunches, that are fmall fignificators of Horns to
come : at two years they appear more perfectly, but
ftraight and fimple : at three years they grow into two
Spears : at four, into three ••, and fo increafe every year
in their Branches till they be fix ■, and above that time
their age is not certainly to be difcerned by theirii
Head.
Having loft their Horns in the day - time , they
hide themfelves, inhabiting the fliades , to avoid the
annoyance of Flies, and feed, during that time onely,
in the night. Their new Horns come out at firft
like Bunches, and afterwards C as I faid before } by
the increafe of the Sun's heat they grow more hard,
covered with a rough Skin, which is called a Velvet-
headh and as that Skin drieth, they daily try the ftrength
of their new Heads upon Trees i which not onely
fcrapeth off" the roughnefs, but by the pain they feel thus
rubbing them, they are taught how long to forbear the
company of their fellows : for at laft, . when in thei^
chating and fretting of tli£ir new Horn againft the
Tree they can feel no longer pain and fmart in them,
they take it for high time to forfake their folitary
dwellings, and return again to their former conditi-
on.
The reafon why Harts and Veers do lofe theiif:
Horns yearly, are thefe : Firft, becaufe of the matter
whereof they conliftj for it is dry and earthy, like
the fubftance of green Leaves which have an yearly
fall, likewife, wanting glewing or ht)lding moifture
to.
I f)f 5)att^6utttitt(r* 5P
to continue them h wherefore the Horn of a Hart can-
not be bent. Secondly, fronn the place they grow upK,
on i for they are not rooted upon the Skull, but onely
within the Skin. Thirdly, from the efficient caufe-.
For they are hardned both with the heat of Summer, and
cold of Winter s by means whereof the Pores to re-
ceive their nouri(hing Liquor are utterly (hut up and
(topped, fo as of neceflity their native heat dieth h which
felleth not out in other Beafts, whole Horns are for
the moft part hollow, and fitted for longer conti-
nuance i but thefe are of leffer, and the new Bunches
fweiling up towards the Spring, do thruft off the old
Horns, having the ailiftance of Boughs of Trees, weight
nf the Horns, or by the willing excuflion of the Beaft
that beareth them.
It is obferved , that when a Hart pricketh up his
Ears, he windeth {harp, very far, and fure, and difco-
vereth all treachery againft him i but if they hang
down and wag, he perceiveth no danger. By their
Teeth is their Age difcerned, and they have four on
both fides wherewith they grinds their meat, befides
two other, much greater in the Male than in the Fe-
male. All thefe Beafis have Worms in their Head
ijnderneath their Tongue, in a hollow place where the
ISJeck-bone is joyned to the Head, which are no big-
ger than Hie -blows. His Blood is not like other
Beafts, for it hath no Fibres in it, and therefore it is
hardly congealed. His Heart is very great , and fo
ire all thofe of fearful Beads , having in it a BcMie
like a Crofs. He hath no Gall, and that is one of
the caufes of the length of his life i and therefore are
his Bowels fo bitter , that the Dogs will not touch
them unlefs they be very fat. The Genital-part is all
nervy s the Tail fmall j and the Hin^e hath Udders
betwixt her Thighs, with four Speans like a Gow.
Thefe are above all other four-footed Beafis, both
in-
6q m ^att-Ijimtittg*
ingenious and fearful, who although they have krgj
Horns, yet their defence againft other four-footed Bealh
is to run away.
And now if you will credit Gefner as a Huntfnnan;
pray here obferve what account he gives of Hunting
the Hart : ThU wild deceitful and fuhtik Beaji ( fay:
he ) by windings and turnings does often deceive it.
Hunter , as the Harts of Meandros flying from the ter
rible cry of Diana'j Hounds, Wherefore the pruderi !
Hunter muft frame his Dogs as Pythagor^ did hi I
Scholars, with words of Art to fet them on, and taki I
them off again at his pleafure v wherefore he mul |
firftofallcompafsintheBeaft (enfongi^e) inherowij
Layr, and fo unhaibour her in the view of the Dogs |
that fo they may never lofe her Slot or Footing : nei ■
ther muft he fet upon every one, either of the Hen I
or thofe that wander folitary alone, or a little one
but partly by Cght, and partly by their Footing ani ;
Fumets, judge of their Game > alfo he muft obferv \
the largenefs of his Layr* Being thus informed, the: ;
Vifcokples les chiens, take off your Dog - Couplings
and fome on Horfe-back, others on foot, follow th
Cry with greateft art, obfervation and fpeed, rcmen:
bring and preventing (cerjruze) the fubtile turning
and headings of the Hart s ftraining with all dexterit
to leap Hedge, Pale, Ditch, nay Rocks j neither fearin
Thorns, down Hills, nor Woods, but providing frel
Horfe if the firft tire, follow the largeft Head (
the whole Herd , which you muft endeavour t
llngle out for the Chafe \ which the Dogs perceivin
muft follow, taking for a prohibition to follow any (
ther.
The Do^ are animated by the winding of Horn
and voices of the Huntfmen, like Souldiers to th
battle, by the noife of Trumpets and other Warlit
Jnflruments. But fometimes the crafty great beaft fef
det
deth forth his little Squire to be facrificed to the Dogs
and Huntfmen, inftead of himfelf i lying clofe in the
mean time : Then muft a Retreat be founded, and Croni'
pKC le chkns) the Dogs be broken off, and taken in (h
Limkr) that is, Leame again, until they be brought to
the fairer Game i who arifeth in fear, yet ftill ftriveth
by flight, until he be wearied and breathlefs.
The Nobles call this beaft (Cerf fagt) a wife Hart^
who, to avoid all his Enemies, runneth into the
greateft Herds, and fo bringeth a Cloud of errour
on the Dogs, to keep them from further profecution i
fometimes alfo beating fome of the Herd into his
Footings, that fo he may the more eafily efcape, and
procure a Labyrinth to the Dogs i after which he be-
taketh himfelf to his Heels again, running ftill with
the Wind, not onely for refrigeration, but becaufe he
may the more eafily hear the voice of his purfuersi
whether they be far or near. At laft, being for all this
found out again by the obfervance of the Hunters, and
skilful Scent of the Dogs, he flieth into the Herds of Cat-
tle, as Cows, Sheep, &c, leaping on an Ox or Cow,
laying the foreparts of his body thereon, that fo touch-
ing the Earth onely with his hinder Feet, to leave a ve-
ry fmall or no fcent at all behinde for the Hounds to
defcern.
The chief Huntfraan to LeveU the twelfth, called (k
Grand Venienr) aftirmeth, that on a time, they having
a Hart in chafe, fuddenly the Hounds were at a fault, fo
as the Game was out of fight, and not aDog would once
ftir his foot, whereat the Hunters were all amazed i at
laft, by carting about, (as it is ufual infuch cafesythey
found the fraud of the crafty beaft, which is worth the
memory.
There was a great White-thorn, which grew in a
(hadowy place as high as a Tree, and was environed with
other fmall fhrubs about it » into the which the faid
Uart
4» ^fPawiMMingi
Hart leaped, and there flood aloft the Boughs fprea-
ding from one another, and there rennained till he
was thruft through by a Huntfman, rather than he
would yield to the angry and greedy Hounds. Ytt
their manner is when they fee themfelves every where
intercepted, to make force at him with their Horns
who firft comes unto him, except prevented by Sword I
or Spear i which being done , the Hunter with his
Horn windeth the fall of the Beafl, and then every
one approacheth, luring with triumph for fuch a con*
queft, of whom the skilfulleft openeth the Beaft, re-
warding the Hounds with what properly belongeth
unto them for their future encouragement •, and for
that purpofe the Huntfmen dip Bread in the Skin and
Blood of the Beaft, to give unto the Hounds their full
fatisfai^ion.
Veloces Spart£ catulos^ aeremq; MolloJJum
Fafce fero pingui, dec.
Much more might be faid of this prcfent fubjed*,
which is not proper in this place i wherefore I Ihall
refer you to what foUoweth, and your own experi-
ence.
Of the Kut of Harts.
The time of their Rutting is about the mid ft ol
September^ and continues two nronths : the older they
are, the hotter, and the better beloved by the Hindcs i
and therefore they go to Rut before the young ones 5
and, being very fiery, will not fuffer any of them to
come near the Hindes till they have fatisfied theit
Venery. But the young ones are even with the old ^^
for when they perceive the old are grown weak by
cxcefs of Rutting, the young will frequently attaquc
them,
them, And make them quit the place, that they may be
mafters of the fport. c^
They are eafily kill'd in Rutting time : for they fol-
low thefcent of the Hindes with fuch greeHjnefs, lay-
ing theiiNofes to the ground, that they mind that fole-
ly, and nothing elfe.
They are fuch great lovers of the fport, it is very
dangerous for any man to come near them at this fea-
fon, for then they will make at any living cieature of
different kind. niiJaco o^
In fomc places, in O&ober their Luft arifeth, and atlb
in May ; and then, whereas at other times the Maleslive
apart from the Females, they go about like lafcivious
Lovers, feeking the company of their Females, as it were
at the Market of Fe«w.
The Males in their raging defired Luft have a peculi-
ar noife, which the French call Reere, One Male will
cover a many Females, continuing in this carnal appe-
tite a month or two. The Females are chafte, and unwil-
ling to admit of Copulation, by reafon of the rigour of
the Male's Genital i and therefore they fink down on
their buttocks when they begin to feel his Seed, as it hath
been often obferved in tame Harts •-, and if they can, the
Females run away, the Males ftriving to hold them back
within their fore-Feet. It cannot be well faid, that they
are covered ftanding, lying, or going, but rather running,
for fo are they hlled with greateft feveiity. When one
month or fix weeks is over of their Rutting, they grow
tamer by-much, and laying afide all fiercenels, they return
to their folitary places, digging every one by himfelf a fe-
Veral Hole or Ditch, wherein they lie, to alTwage the
ftrong favour of their Luft j for they ftink like Goats, and
their Face beginneth to look blacker than at other times :
and in thofe places they live till fome ShoWers diftil from
the Clouds > after which, they return to their Pafture a-
gain, living in Flocks as before,
F the
The Female, thus filled, never keepeth company jt-
gain with the Male until (he is delivered of her bur-
then, which is eight months ■, and but one at a time,
feldom two, which (he lodgeth cunningly in feme
Covert: \i (lie perceive them ftubborn and wilde,
{he will beat ihem with her Feet till they lie clofe and
quiet.
Oftentimes (he leadeth forth her young, teaching it ts
run and leap over bu(hes, flones, and fmall (hrubsi and
fo continueth all the Summer long, while their own
ftjfength is mol\ confiderable.
• It is very pleafant to obferve them when they go to
Ruir^iand make their Vaut. For when they fmell the
Hindti they raife their Nofe up into the Air, looking
aloft, as though they gave thanks to the God of Na-
ture, who gave them fo great delight and pleafure.
i\nd if it be a great Hart^ he will turn his Head and
look about to fee whether there be none near to inter-
lupt or fpoil his fport. Hereat the young fly away for
fear : but if there be any of equal bigncfs, they then
ihive which (hall Vaut firll i and in the oppoling each o-
ther, they fcrape the ground with their Feet, Ihocking
and butting each other fo furioufly, that you (hall hear
the noife they make with their Horns a good half mile,
fo long, till one of them is Vidor. The Hinde behold-
ing this Pallime, never itirs from her ftation, expcdting,
as it were, the Vauting of him who hath theMaftery »
and having got it, he bellows, and then inftantly covers
her.
During the time of their Rut, they eat but very lit-
tle ', for they feed onely on what they fee before them,
minding more the track of the Hindes. Their chief
meat is the red Mufhrome, which helps them to evacuate
their Grcafe : they are then extraordinary hot, infb-
inuch, that every where as they pafs and find waters,
4htv tumble and lie therein,
' The
S)f s^m^umtm.
The time of Harts Memng, cr Cajiin^
the Head,
The old i^art cafteth his Head fooner than the
young : and the time is about the months of February
and March •
Here note, that if you geld an Hart before he hath
an Head, he will never bear any ■, and if you geld
him when he hath it, he will never aftet Mew or cad
it : and fo, if you geld him when he hath a Velvet-
head, it will ever be fo, without fraying or burniih-
ing.
Having caft their Heads, they inftantly withdraw
unto the Thickets, hiding themfelves in fuch convenient
places where they may have good Water, and ftrong
Feeding, near fome ground where Wheat or Peafe is
fown : But young Harts do never betake themfelves ro
the Thickets till they have born their third Head, which
is in the fourth year.
After they have Mewed, they will begin to Button in
March and April s and as the Sun grows ftrong, and the
feafon of the year puts forward the Crop of the Earth, fo
will their Heads increafe in all refpeds : fo that in the
mid ft of Jufie their Heads will be fummed as much as
ihey will bear all the year.
Of the Coats and Colour of ^artSi
The Coats of Harts are of three fundry forts, Broa>nj
Ked^ and faUorv i and of every of thefe Coats there
proceeds two forts of Harts, the one are great, the o*
ther little.
Of brown Harts^ there are fome great, long, and
hairy, bearing a high Head, red of colour, and well
F 2 beam'^d.
66 sDf 5)atMjitntfttfi:*^
beamM, who will fiand before Hounds very long, being
longer of breath, and fwifter of foot than thofe oi a
(horter ftature.
There are another fort of brown Harts ^ which are
little, ftiort, and well-fet , bearing commonly a black
Main, and are fatter and better Venifon than the for-
mer, by reafon of their better feeding in young Cop-
fes.
They are very crafty, efpecially when in greafe \ and
will be hardly found, becaufe they know they are then
moft enquired after : befides, they are very fenfible they
cannot then (land long before the Hounds. If they be
old, and feed in good ground, then are their Heads black,
lair, and well branched, and commonly palmed at the
top.
The FalIow-H(«r// bear their Heads high, and of a
whiti(h colour, their Beams fmall, their Anthers long,
flender, and ill-grown, having neither Heart, Courage,
nor Force. But thofe which are of a lively Red-fal-
low, having a black or brown Lift down the Ridge of
the Back, are rtrong, bearing fair and high Heads, well
furnifhed and beam'd.
Of the. Heads and Branches of Hearts, and their diverftties.
As there are feveral forts of Harts^ fo have they
their Heads in a divers fort and manner, according to
their Age, Country, Reft, and Feeding. Here note,
that they bear not their Hrft Head, which we call Bro-
ches, and in a Fallow- Peer Pricks, until they enter the
fecond year of their Age. In the third year they bear
four,rix,or eight fmall Branches : At the fourth,they bear
eight or ten : at the fifth, ten or twelve : at fix, four-
teen or fixteen : and at the feventh year they bear their
Heads Beam'd, Branched, and Summed with as much as
ever they will bear, and do never multiply but in great-
nefs oncly. Hotft
how io ktiow an old Hart by the Slot, Entries, Ahatuns
and Foils, Fervtnets, Gate and iValk^, Fraying' ,
Stocky, Head and Branches^
I (hall proceed in order, and firft of the Slot* You
muft carefully look on the Tread ings of the Hart\
Foot : If you find the Treadings of two, the one long,
the other round, yet both of one bignefs i yet (hall the
long Slot declare the Hart to be much larger than the
round.
Moreover, the old Hart's hind-foot doth never over-
reach the fore-foot \ the young one's doth.
But above all, take this Obtervatlon : When you are
in the Wood, and have found the Slot of a Hart^ mark
what manner of Footing it is, whether worn, or (harp v
and accordingly obferve the Country , and thereby
judge whether either may be occafioned thereby. For
Harts bred in mountainous and ftony Countries, have
their Toes and fides of their Feet worn, by reafon o^
their continual climbing and refting themfelves there-^
on, and not on the Heel : whereas in other places they
ftay themfelves more on the Heel than Toes : For in,
foft or fandy ground they (lip upon the Heel, by reafon
of their weight j and thus by frequent ftaying them-
felves thereon, it makes the Heel grow broader and grea-
ter, And thus you may know the age of a Hirt by his
Slot or Treading.
The next thing to be confidered, is the Fewmifhing i
:^nd thi^ is to be }udgcd of in A^ril or May, If the
Fewmets be great, large, and thick, they fignifie ihtHart
to Se old.
In the midft of Jmie and July-, they make their
Fewmets or Fewmifhing in great Croteys, very foft »
and from that time to the end of Augull, they make
them ^rca,t5 long, knotty, anointed and gilded, let-
s' 3, tipic
6t ®f 5)att'Junttng*
ting them fall but few and fcattered. In Septemher and
OB§ber there is no longer judging, by reafon of the
Ruf.
Thirdly, If you would know the height and thick-
ncfs of the Hart^ obferve his Entries and Galleries into
the Thickets, and what Boughs he hath over-ftridden,
and markfrona thence the height of his Belly from the
ground.
By the height of the Entries, we judge the age of a
Hart : for a young T>ecr is fuch as creeps ufually > but
the old is ftiff and Itately.
His greatnefs is known by the height of his creeping
as he palfes to his Harbour i the young Veer creeping
low, which the old will not ftoop to.
Fourthly, Take notice of his G^te, by which you
may know whether the Hart be great and long, and
whether he will ftand long before the Hounds or nor.
For all Harts which have a long ftep will ftand up ve-
ry long, being fwift, light, and well breath'd i but if he
leave a great Slot, which is the figne of an old Peer, he
will never ftand long when he is chafed.
Laftly, Take notice of his Fraying-poft : Where
note, the elder the Hart is, the fooner he goeth to Fray,
and the greater is the Tree' he feeketh to F'ray uponi and
(uch as he cannot bend with his Head.
All Stags as they are burniftiM, beat their Heads dry
againft fome Tree or other, which is called their Fray-
ing-poft : The younger Deer againft weaker and leffer
Trees, and lower i the elder againft bigger and ftronger,
and Fray higher 5 fo that accordingly we confidently
judge of their age, and of the nearnefs of their Harbour i
for that is the laft Ceremony they ufe before they envcr
it.
As to the Head and Branches, the Hart is old , Firft,
when the compafs of the Bur is large, great, and well
Dearl'd. ■
• " ' Second-
Secondly, when the Beam is great, burniflied, and
well pearl'd, being ftraight, and not made crooked by
the Antliers.
Thirdly, when the Gutters therein are great and
deep. " ->
Fourthly, when the firft Anther, called Antoiller^ is
great, long, and near to the Bur \ the Surantlier near
unto the Antlier : and they ought to be both well
pearl'd.
Fifthly, The reft of the Branches which are higher,
being well ordered and fet, and well grown, according
to the bignefs and proportion of the Head \ and theCro-
ehes. Palm or Crown being great and large according
to the bignefs of th? Beam^ are the lignes of an old
Hart,
Now fince many men cannot underftand the names
and diverfities of Heads according to the Terms of
Hunting, I (hall in the following Chapter give you a
brief accoun t thereof.
TA? Names and diverfities of Heads^ according
to Hunting - Terms,
The thing that beareth the Antliers, Royals, and
Tops, is called the Beam j apd the little Itreaks therein
are called Gjiff^frj".
That which is about the Cruft of the Beam, is termed
Pearls : and that which is about the Bur it felf, form-
ed like little Pearls, is called Pearls bi^zer than the
refi.
The Bur is next the Head •-, and that which is about
the Bur, is called Pearls, The firft is called Antlier i,
the fecond, Surantlier : All the reft which grow after-
wards, until yoa come to the Crown, Palm, or Ctochc,
are called Koyals^ and Sur-myals : The little Buds or
^roches ^bout the Top, are called Crocks,
70 SDf ii)att-6imtittffv
Their Heads go by feveral Names : The firft Head is
called a Crotpned Top, becaufe the Groches are ranged ii>
form of a Crown.
The fecond is called a V aimed Top, becaufe the Cro-
chcs are formed like a mans Hand.
Thirdly, all Heads which bear not above three or
four, theCroches being placed aloft, all of one height,
in form of a clufter of Nuts, are to be called Heads of
fo many Croches.
Fourthly, all Heads which bear two in the Top, or
having their Croches doubling, are to be called Fork^d^
Heads,
Fifthly, all Heads whi^ch have double Burs, or the
Anthers, Royals, and Croches turned downwards, con-
trary to other Heads., are onely called Heads,
How to feek^a Hart in hit Haunts or Feeding-places
according to the feafons of the year.
All Harts do change their manner of Feeding every
month i and therefore I (hall treat orderly of every one
till I have concluded the year \ beginning with that
month which is the conclufion of their Rutting - time,
and that is November^ in which month they feed in
Heaths and Broomy places.
In Vecember they Herd together , and withdraw
themfelves into the ftrength of the Forcfts, to (belter
themfelves from the cold Winds, Snows, and FroHs,
and do feed on the Holm-trees, Elder-trees, Brambles,
with whatfoever other green thing they can find i and
if it fnow, they will skin the Trees like a Goat.
In January^ February, and March^ they leave Herd-
ding, but will keep four or five in company, and in
the corners of the Foreft will feed on the Winter=.pa-
fture-, fometimes making their incurfions into the
neighbouring Corn -Fields, if they can perceive the
• ' ' . ^ blades
blades of Wheat, Rie, or fuch-like, appear above
ground.
In April and May they reft in their Thickets , and
other bufliy and (hady places, during that feafon , and
ftir very little till Rutting-timc, unlefs they are di-
iturb'd.
There are feme Hearts are fo cunning, that they will
Jiave two feveral Layrs to harbour in, a good diftancc
one from the other i and will frequently change (for
their greater fecurity) from the one to the other, taking
ftill the benefit of the Wind.
In thefe months they go not to the Soil, by reafon of
the moifture of the Spring, and the Dew that con tinaal-
ly overfpreadeth the Grafs.
In y«ne, July^ and Anguii^ they are in their pride
of greafc, and do refort to Spring-Copfes, and Corn-
fields > onely they feldom go where Rye or Barley
grow.
In September and OBoher they leave their Thickets
and go to Rut \ during which feafon they have no cer-
tain place either for food or harbour.
In xphat manner the Hunt [man jhall go drawing
in the Sf rings.
Let him not come too early into the Springs or
^ewts where he thinketh the Hart feedeth, and is at
relief.- For they ufually go to their Layrs in the
Springs i and if they be old crafty Veer, they will re-
turn to the border of the Copfe, and there liften whether
they can hear any approaching danger : and if they
chance once to vent the Huntfraan or the Hound, they
will inftantly diflodge.
Now is the Huntfman's proper time. Let him
beat the outfides of the Springs or Thickets : if he
find the Track of an Hart or Veer, let him obfcrve
whe-
whether it be new j which he may know thus i the
Dew will be beaten off,, the Foil fre(h, or the ground
brbken or printed, with other tokens : fo he may judge
his Game lately went that way.
Having found this Slot or Treading, and the Hound
flicking well upon if, let him hold hini (hort, for he-
fhall better draw being fo held, than if he were let at
length of the Lyam : and thus let him draw till he is
come to the Covert, ifpoffible, taking notice by the
way of the Slot, Foils, Entries, and the like, till he hath
harboured him. That done, let him plafh down fmall
Twigs, fome above, and fome below, as he (hall think
fit : and then, whilft the Hound is hot, let him beat the
outfides, and make his Ring-walks twice or thrice about
the Wood, one while by the great and open ways, that
he may help himfelf by the Eye ; another while through
the thick and Covert, for fear left his Hound fliould over-
flioot it, having ftill better Scent in the Coverts than
High- ways. , ■ ^^ V
If he doubt the Hkn fs gone out of the Ring-walks, or
fears he hath drawn amifs i then let him go to the marks
which he plafhed, and draw counter, till he may take up
the Fewmet.
th?. direBiomfor Harboumg a Stag are thefe :
The Harbourer having taught his Hound to draw
mute always round the outfldc of the Covert, a's foon
as his Hound challenges, which he knows by his ea-
ger flourifhing, and Itraining his Lyam, he then is to
feek for his Slot : If he hndes the Heel thick, and
the Toe fpreading broad, it argues an old Veer, efpe-
cially if it is fringed, ( that is, broken on the fides. )
However, if the ground be too hard to make any
judgment from the Slot, he is to draw into the Covert,
as he p^ffes obferving the fize of the Entries j the larger
land higher, the elder the Veer > as alfo his Croppin|>s of
the Tenders as he pafTcs : (the younger the Deer, the
lower i the elder the Veer, the higher he branchesO
Alfo obferve his Fewmifhings as you pafs, whofe large-
nefs befpeak the largenefs of the Veer '•> alfo be curious
in obferving his Fraying-poft, which ufually is the laft
opportunity you have to judge by, the eldefl: Veer Fray-
ing higheft againft the biggcft Trees i and that found,
you may conclude his Harbour not far off* therefore
draw with more circumfped:ion,checking yourDraught-
hound to fecure him from fpending when he comes fo
near as to have the Veer in the Wind : and then by his
eagernefs you having difcovered that, ought to draw
him i and having retired fome diftance back, you are
with your Hound to round the place firft at a confide-
jable diftance i and then, if you Hnd him not difturbed,
a little within that make your fecond round •-, which
will not onely fecure you that he is in his Harbour, but
■will alfo fecure his continuance there *, for he will not
(unforc'd j pafs that Taint your Hound hath left in the
rounding of him. So that having broken a bough for
his diredtion , he may at any time unhaibour that
Hart.
Haw to find a Hart lofl the night before*
A Huntfman may fail of killing a Hart divers
ways ', fomefimes by reafon of great heat, or overtaken
with the night, and the like, if any fuch thing (hould
happen, then thus you mufi: do. Firft, they which
follow the Hounds, muft mark the place where they
left the Chafe, and at break of day bring your Blood-
hound to it with your Kennel after him. If any hound
vents, whom he knows to be no Lier or Babler, he
(hall put his Hound to it, whooping twice, or blow-
ing two Notes with his Horn, to c*ll all his fellows
• ■' ' ' ■ about
74 2)f s?m4)m\tm.
about him : and if he find where the Hart is gone in<^
to fome likely Govert or Grove, then muft he draw hij
Hounds about it, and beat crofs through it. And if
there he renews his Slot or View, let him firft coniider
whether it be the right or not : if it be the right, let
him blow his Horn. Now if be find five or fix Layrs,
let it not feem ftrange i for Harti hunted and fpcnt, do
frequently make many Layrs together, becaufe they
cannot ftand, but lie and feed.
Harts which are hunted, moft commonly run up the
"Wind, and ftraight forwards as far as they are able, and
finding any Water or Soil, do ftay a long time therein i
by which means their Joynts are fo bcnummed and
ftiffned, that coming out they cannot go far, nor ftand
up long •, and therefore are compelled to take any Har-
bour they can finde, which may be a prefcnt Covert to
^em.
Hon> to find a Hart in high Woods.
In the fecking of a Hart in high Woods, regard mufl'^
be had to two things •, that is, the Thickets of the Fo-
reft, and the Seafon.
If it be in very hot weather, Gnats, Horfe-flies, and
fuch-like, drive the T>egr out of the high Wood, and
they difperfe themfelvcs into fmall Groves and Thic-
kets near places of good feeding. According to thej
Coverts which are in the Forelt, fo accordingly the
Huntfman muft make his enquiry. For fometimes th«
Harts lie in the Tufts of White-thorn i fometimes un^
der little Trees i other whiles under great Trees in th^
high Woods j and fometimes in the Skirts of the
Forcft under the (helter of little Groves and Copfesj
And therefore the Huntfman muft make his Ring-wallj
great or fmall, according to the largcnefs of thofe Har-
bours or Coverts.
Horn
flDf 5)att'8imtinff^ 75
H(ja> to Vnharbour a Hart, and caji off the Hounds,
When the Relays are well fet and placed, let the
fluntfman with his Pole walk before the Kennel of
Hounds : Being come to the Blennifties, let him take
notice of the Slot, and fuch other marks as may be
obferved from the View of the Peer, to the intent
he may know whether the Hounds run Riot or not.
Then let the Huntfmen caft abroad about the Covert,
to difcover the Hart when he is unharboured, the bet-
ter to diftinguifti him by his Head or otherwife. The
Huntfman having unharboured him, all the Hounds
(hall be caft off, they crying one and all , To him^ to
him ', That'*! /;e, that^s he, with fuch words of encourage-
ment.
If the Blood-hound as he draweth chance to over-
(hoot, and draw wrong or counter, then muft the
Huntfman draw him back, and fay, B^cj^, back,^ Soft^foft,
until he hath fet him right again : and if he perceive
that the Hound hath mended his fault, by his kneeling
down, and obferving the Slot or Ports, he muft then che-
ri(h him, by clapping him on the Back, and giving him
fome encouraging words. Thus let him draw on with
his Hound till the Veer be defcried.
Now fome are fo cunning and crafty, that when they
ire unharboured from their Layr, they will coaft round
about to finde fome other Deer, whereby the Hounds
may be confounded in the change of hunts.
If the Huntfman have the Hart in view, let him ftill
draw upon the Slot, blowing and hollowing until the
Hounds are come in. When he feeth they are in full cry,
md take it right, he may then mount, keeping under the
IVind, and cgaft to crofs the Hounds that are in chafe,
to help them at default, if need require*
What
7^ fl)f ^att^&uitt(ttff*
WhatfuUiltks are ufed in Hunting a Hart dtforce»
Let the Huntfman never come nearer the Hound
in cry, than fifty or threefcore paces, efpecially at thi
lirft uricoupling, or at cafting off their Relays. For i
a Hiirt make Doublings, or wheel about, or crofs befor
the Hounds, as he feldom doth \ if then you come in toi
hadily, you will fpoil the Slot or View i and fo th
Hounds, for want of Scent, will be apt tooverftioot tb
Chafe : but if after hunting an hour, tne Huntfmar
perceive that the Hart makes out end-ways before th'
Hounds, and that they follow in full cry, taking it right
then he may come in nearer, and blow a Recheat to thi
Hounds to encourage them. Hereupon the Hart wil
frequently feek other Deer at Layr, and rouze them, or
purpofe to make the Hounds hunt change, and will li(
down flat in fome of their Layrs upon his Belly,, and ftt
let the Hounds over-flioot him : and becaufe they flial
neither fcent or vent him, he will gather up all his foui
Feet under his Belly, and will blow and breath on rom(
molll: place of the ground, in fuchfort, that I have feet
the Hounds pafs by fuch a Hart within a yard, and ne
ver vent him.
For which caufe Huntfmen {hould blemi(h at fuel-
places they fee the Hart enter into a Thicket, to thi;
end, that if the Hounds fhould fall to change, they may
return to thofe BlemiQies, and put their Hounds to the
right Slot and View, until they have rouzed or found
him again.
The Hart hath another way to bring the Hounds tc
change > and that is, when he feeth himfelf clofelj
purfued, and that he cannot (hun them, he will break
into one Thicket after another to finde Peer, rouzing
and herding with them, continuing fo to do fome-
times above an hour before he will part from them, or
break
break Herd. Finding himfelf fpent, he will break herd,
and fall a doubling and croffing in fome hard High-way
that is much beaten, or elfe in fome River or Brook, in
which he will keep as long as his breath will permit
him : and if he be far before the Hounds, it may be
then he will ufe his former device, in gathering his
Legs up under his belly as he lies flat along upon fome
hard and dry place. Sometimes he will take foil, and
fo cover himfelf under the water, that you (hall perceive
nothing but his Nofe.
In this cafe the Huntfman muft have a fpecial regard
to his old Hounds, who will hunt leifurely and tear-
fully J, whereas the young Hounds will ovcr-ftioot their
Game.
If itfo chance that the Hounds iire at a default, and
hunt in feveral companies, then it may be gueffed that
the Hart hath broken herd from the frelh Veer., and
that the freOi Veer have feparated themfelves alfo: then
regard how the old Staunch-hounds make it, and obferve
the Slot i and where you fee any of the old Hounds
challenge, cheriih and encourage him, haftcning the reft
in to him, by crying Hark^to (uch a Hound, calling him
by his Name.
Here is to be noted, that they cannot make it fo good
in the hard High-ways as in other places, becaufe they
cannot have there fo perfect a fcent, either by reafon of
the Tracks or Footing of divers (orts cf hearts, or by
reafon of the Sun drying up the moifture, fo that the
durt covereth the Slot : now in fuch places (fuch is the
natural fubtilty of that beaft for felf-prefervation) the
Hart will make many Croffcs and Doublings, holding
them long together, to make the Hounds give over the
Chafe.
In this cafe , the firlt care of the Huntfman is, to
make good the Head, and then draw round apace, firft
down the Wind, though ufually Veer go up the Wind :
and
78 fl)f I6>art"6untitts*
and if thd way is too hard to Slot, befure to try far c-
nough back. This expert Hounds will frequently do of
themfelves.
But if a Hart break out into the Champion-country,
and that it be in the heat of the day, between Noon
and three of the clock i then if the Huntfman perceive
his Hounds out of breath, he muft not force them much,
but comfort them i and though they do not call upon
the Slot or View, yet it is fufficient if they but wag
their Tails •, for, being almoli fpcnt, it is painful for
them to call.
The laft Refuge of a Hart forely hunted is the Water,
(which, according to Art, is termed the Soil) fwim-
niing oftnelt down the Stream, keeping the middle,
fearing left by touching any bough by the Water-fide
he may give fcent unto the Hounds.
Always when you come to a Soil, C according to
the old Rule : He that mil his Chafe finde , let him firfi
try up the Kiver^ and dorvn the Wind) be fure if your
Hounds challenge but a yard above his going in, that
he is gone up the River : for though he ftiould keep
the very middle of the Stream, yet will that, with
the help of the Wind, lodge part of the Stream, and
Imbofti that comes from him on the Banks, it may be
a quarter of a mile lower, which hath deceived many.
Therefore firft try up the Stream : and where a Veet
firft breafts foil, both Man and Hound will beft perceive
it.
Now the ways to know when a Hart is fpcnt, are
thefe : Firfi^ He will run ftiff, high, and lompering^
Secondly^ If his Mouth be black and dry without any
Foam upon it, and his Tongue hanging out » but they
will often clofe their Mouths, to deceive the Spedta-
tors. "thirdly^ By his Slot : for oftentimes he will
clofe his Claws together, as if he went at leifure i and
ftraightway again open them wide , making great
gliding?,
glidings, and hitting his Dew-claws upon the ground,
following the beaten Paths without Doublings j and
fometimes going all along by a Ditch-fide, feeking fome
Gap, having not Ihength to leap it otherways : yet it
hath been often feen, that Dead-run Vtit have taken
very great leaps.
Thus murt a Huntfman govern himfelf according to
the fubtlety and Craft of the D^er, obferving their
Doublings and Grollings, and the places where they are
rnadei making his Rings little or great, according to
the nature of the place, time, and feafon : For Hounds
are fubjed to (hoot where Herbs and Flowers have their
inoil lively fcent and odoriferous fmell. Neither muft
you be unmindful of the perfedion and imperfedion of
your Hounds. Thus doing, it will be very hard luck it
you loofe a Hirt by dcfaulr.
Hovff to ki^ a Hart at Bay*
It is very dangerous to go in to a Hsrt at Bay, and
efpecially at Rutting - time \ for then they are moll
hcrce.
1 here are two forts of Bays > one on the Land, the
other on tbe Water. If now the Hart be in a deep Wa-
ter, where you cannot well come to him, then couple up
your Dogs •, for (bould they long continue in the Water,
it would endanger furbating or foundering. Get then
a Boat, or fwim to him with a Dagger i or elfe with a
R.ope that hath a Noofe, and throw u over his Horns :
for if the Water be fo deep that the Hart fwims, there
is no danger in approaching him > otherwife you inuli
have a care.
As to the Land-bay, it the Hart be burnidied, then
muli you confider the place ; For if it be in a plain
and open place, where there is no Wood nor G^verf,
it is dangerous aiid hard to come in to him > but if
G it
it belli a Hedge-fide or thicket, then, whilft the Hart is
rtaring on the Hounds, you may come covertly among
the bufhes behinde him, and cut his Throat. If you
mifs your aim, and the Hart turn head upon you, then
make fonie Tree ypur refuge *, or when the Hart is at
Bay, couple up your Hounds, and when you fee the
Hurt turn head to fly, gallop in roundly to him, and kill
him with your Sword.
Vire&ions at the Death of Buck or Hart.
The firft Ceremony when the Huntfmen come in
to the Death of a Veer^ is to cry IFare Haunch^ that
the Hounds may not break into the Veeri which ha-
ving fecured, the next is cutting his Throat, and there
blooding the youngeli Hounds, that they may the bet-
ter love a Deer^ and learn to leap at his Throat i then,
' having blown the Mort, and all the company come
in, the belt perfon, that hath not taken Say before, is
to take up che Knife that the Keeper or Huntfman is
to lay crofs the Belly of the D^^r, ftanding clofe to
the left Shoulder of the Veer ^ fome holding by the
Fore - legs , and the Keeper or Huntfman drawing
down the Pizle, the perfon that takes Say, is to draw
the edge of the Knife leifurely along the very middle
of the Belly, beginning near the Brisket i and drawing
a little upon it, enough in the length and depth to difco-
ver how fat the Veer is, then he that is to break up
the Veer hrlt llits the Skin from the cutting of the
Throat downward, making the Arber, that fo the
Ordure may not break forth •, and then he is to pounch
him, rewarding the Hounds therewith. Next, he is
to prefent the fame pexCon that took the Say with a
drawn Hanger, to cut off' the Head i which done,
and the Hounds rewarded therewith, the concluding
Ceremony is , if a Buck, a double, if a Stag a treble
More
Mort blown by one, >.nd then a whole Recheat in Con-
Tort by all that h;i7; Horns i and that fin i(hed, immedi-
ately a general If^hoo whoop.
It was formerly termed, Windz & Horn, becaufe Cas I
fuppofc ) all Horns were then compafied i but fince
.ftraight Horns are come into fafhioij, we fay, Bbn> aHor/iy
and fometimes, Sound a Horn.
In many cafes heretofore, Leafing was obferved i that
is, one mult be held, either crofs a Saddle, or on a mans
back, and with a pair of Dog-eouples receive ten pound
and a Purfc i that is, ten llripes, ("according to the nature
of the Crinne, more or lefs fevere) and an eleventh, that
ufed to be as bad as the other ten, called a Purje,
There are many Faults, as coming td late into the
Field, mirtaking any term of Art » thefe are of the lef-
ierlize: of the greater magnitude, hallowing a wrong
Deer, or leaving the Field before the death of the Veer,
6cc.
Buck-HuMthg.
THis Beaft is common in moft Countries, being as
corpulent as a Harti but in quantity refembleth
more a Roe^ except in colour.
The Males have Horns, which they lofe yearly ■■, but
the Fe'^iales none at all. Their colours are divers, buc
mort commonly branded or fandy on the back, having
a black lift all down along on the back j their bellies and
Odes fpotted with white, which they lofe by their old
age : and the Voes do efpecially vary in colour, being
fometimes all white, and therefore like unto Goats, ex-
cept in their hair, which is Ihorter.
In their Horns they differ not much from a Hart^
G t ik:
S2 f)f OBucfe'ljuntuig*
except in quantity , and that they grow out of their
Heads like Fingers out of the Hand j fuch is this FaUonf
Deer^ being therefore called Cervuf Palmatof, As fo^
their other parts, they much refemble a Koe-buck; Their
riefh is excellent for nourilhn:ient, but their blood ingcn-
ders too much Melancholy.
Now know, the Buck^is Fawn'd about the latter end
of May^ and its nature and properties differ little from
the Hart.
There is not fo much art and skill in Lodging a Buck,
as in the Harbouring a Hart j neither is there required
fo much drawing after, but onely you are to judge by
ihe View, and mark what Grove or Covert he entrcth ■>
for he will not wander and rove up and down fo often as
a Hart, nor fo frequently change his Layr.
He maketh his Fewmilhings in divers manners and
forms, as the Hart doth, according to the diverGty of
Food, and time of the day, Morning and Evening i bur
molt commonly they are round.
The Hart and Bnck^ differ thus in parallel. When
the Buck^'xs hunted, he oft-times betakes himfelf to fuch
Itiong Holds and Coverts as he is molt acquainted
with, not flying far before the Hounds, not croiling nor
doubling, ufing no fuch fubtleties as the Hart is accu-
Oomed to.
The BucJ^wiW beat a Brook, (but feldom a great Pvi-
ver, as the Hart) but it murt not be fo deep ; nor can
he flay (^o long at Soil as the Hart will do : onely he
leapeth lightlier at Rut than the Hart > and gr»aneth
or tmateth, as a Hart belleth, but with a lower Voice,
ratling in the Throat. And here is to be noted, ihey
love not one another, nor will they come near each o-
ther's Layr.
B«c^ Venifon is incomparable food, and isdreifed
like //ur/-Venifon \ onely this lal\ will be preferved lon-
jger than the former.
The
£Df Eoe-Suittfno:. 85
The H«cj^herds more than the Hart^ and lieth in the
driefl: places: but if he be at large, unconfined within
the limitary Precinds of a Park, he will herd but lit-
tle from May to Augt^^ becaufe the flies trouble him.
He takes great delight in hilly places \ but the Dales are
hisjoy tofeedin,
Buch^ have feldom or never any other Relays than the
old Hounds.
The greateft fubtlety a Huntfman need ufe in the
Hunting of the Buck-, is to beware of Hunting Coun-
ter or Change, becaufe of the plenty of Fallow-'Deer^
which ufe tocom'e more diredtly upon the Hounds than
the Red'Veer doth. Now upon the breaking up of a
Buck^ the Hounds Reward is the fame with that of the
Hart.
Bs>t' Hunting.
THc R(je-B«c^is called by the Greeks and Latines by
one name , viz» Dotcju. Thele beads are very
plentiful in Africa^ Germany^ and Helvetian Alps.
Their fwiftnefs doth not onely appear upon the
EartJ-i, but alfo in the Waters, cutting them when they
fwim as with Oarsj and therefore they love the Lakes
and ftrong Streams, b^reaking the Floods to come at
fre(h Pafture, feeding deliciouAy on fweet Rufhes, and
Bull - ruQ^es. Horns onely grow upon the Male, and
are fet with fix or feven Ranches, not palmed, but
bxanchy, yet (bortei^ than Folloai D^er : They diffex
not much from common Vef^r^ but in their Horn : and
whereas the Horns of other Bealts are hollow towards
the root, whercinto entcreth a certain long fiblbnce %
the Horns of thcfc, as alfo of the vu%ir B^-/;^and Elk-,
are foUd whithout any Tuch emptinefs, onely they are full
of Pores. t ...r .;
It is fupppfcd by the Learped,'that a Koe was called
in Greek Vorcof^ by reafon ot the quicknefs of her fight >
and that (he can fee as perfcdly in the night as in the
day. Phyfitians have obferved a certain vifcous humour
about her bowels, which by anointing Eyes that are
dark, heavy, and near blinde, quickens the fight moft
vyonderfuUy.
It is reported of them, that they never winl^ no not'
when they deep i for which conceit their blood is pre-
icribed for them who are dim-fighted or pur-blindc,
The tail of this bea(t is leffer and fhorter than a FaVotv-.
'peers i infomuch that it is doubtful whether it be a
tail or not.
They keep for the mofi: part in the Mountains a-
jmcng the Rocks, being very fwift *, and when they are
hunted (Martial faith ) they hang upon the Rocks
with their Horns, to delude the Dogs, after a flrange
manner, ready to fall and kill thcmfelves, and yet receive
no harm, where the L>ogs dare not approach, as ap»
peareth in his Epigr?.m=
Pendentem fumma Capream, de rtfpe videhif,
Cdfuram j^ercs, dtcipit ilia Canes.
This might be more properly meant of the Wild-
(^.QaU ■ ■
They are mofl eafily taken in the Woods. When
they are chafed, they detire to run againli the Wind,
becaufe the coldncfs of the Air refrcdicth them in
their courfe ;, and therefore they who hunt tliem place
their Dogs with the Wind. They are ofcen taken by
the counterfeiting of their Voice, which the skilful
Huntfman doth by the affiliance of a fcafe \\\ his
Jf^outho ■' ^
■ ■ ■ ' " This
jSDf Eoe-ftiuttfttri:. 85
This Beaft is very eafie to hunt, and gceth to Rut
Cor Tourn raoft properly) in Odober^ the extent whereof
confiftsof Hfteen days, and never parteth with the Voe
till Fawning-time.
TheDoe, finding her felf near her tinne,rccreily dejparts
from the Buck,^ and fawneth as far from him afta his
knowledge as (he can •-, for could he finde the Fawn^ he
would kill it. Now when the Fa^vn grows big, and can
run and feed, fhe then returns to the Bnck^ again very
lovingly, with all expedition : the caufe whereof, is the
Koes fawning Twins, which arc commonly Buck^ and
Voe\ fo that being accuftomed together in youth, they
do love to keep company ever after.
As foon as the Koe-BHcJ^ comcth from Rut, he cafts
his Horns ; and there are few after two years old which
Mew not at Alhallontide^ but their Heads grow quickly
put again.
The Venifon of a Roe is never out of feafon, being
never fat, and therefore they are to be hunted at any
time : onely this, fome favour ought to be (hewn the
T>oe whilft (he is big with Favn^ and afterwards till
her Fatpn is able to (hift for himfelf : bcfides, fome
Roe-T>oes have been killed with Hve Parvus in their
belly.
They ufually when hunted, take a large flrft Ring,
and afterwards hunt'the Hounds.
When they are hunted, they turn muck and ofien,
and comeback upon the Dogs directly : When they
can no longer endure, they then take Soil, as the Hart
doth, and will hang by a bough in fuch manner, that
nothing (hall appear of them above Water but their
Snout, and will (ulTer the Dogs to come j.ull upon thcra
before they will ftir.
He is not called by the skilful in the Art of Hunting
a Great Roe - Buck,, but a Fair Roe - Bttck^ The Herd
pf them is called a B.eavy : And if he hath, not Bsav^>
G 4; greafc;
8<^ Eaiit-Dcet'pittiiia:.
greafc on his Tail when he is broken up, he is more fit
to be Dogs-meat than Mans-meat,
The Hounds muft be Rewarded with the Bowels,
the Blood, and Feet flit afunder, and boiled all toge-
ther. This is more properly called a Do/e than a Ke-
vpar¥. For what might be faid farther concerning
Koe-Hunting, 1 (hall refer you to the Chapters of Ran
and BwcJ^Hunting.
THe Rain-Veer is not unlike a Ilart^ onely his Head
is fuller of Anthers, being bigger and wider in
compafs i for he bears four and twenty branches and
more according to his age, having a great Palm on
the top, as a Hart^ and his Fore-Antliers are Palmed
alfo.
He flieth end-ways when he is Hunted, by reafon of
the great tveight of his Head. When he hath flood
up a great while, doubled, crofled, and ufed other
crafty tricks to (hun the Hounds, he makes a Tree his
laft refuge •, fo planting hirafelf, that nothing can af-
fault him but juft before , placing his buttock and
Haunches againlt the Tree, and hanging down his
Head low to the ground, whereby all his Body is co-
vered.
As the Hart flrikes with his Head, the Kain-Veer
ftrikes with his Feet againfl any one that comes in to
him to help the Dogs, not in the leaft turning his Head,
that being his chiefcft defence, and feems very terrible
to the Hounds.
He feedcth like the Hart^ and maketh his Fewmcts
fometimes long, and fometimes flat, and bcareth fatter
Vcnifon,
Venifon, when he is in pride of Greafe, than any othei»
Deer doth, and is very long liv'd. He is more com*
monly drawn after with a Blood-hound, than hunted,
and intrapped with Nets and Engines, and that in
the thick and greateft Holds, if it may be j which
is the heft and fpeedieft way, by reafon of his great and
fpreading Head. Since there are but few of them in
England, I (hall defift from difcourfing farther concer-
ning him.
Of the Nature and Properties of a Hare.
AN Hare is called in Hebrew Jrnebet in the Femi-
nine gender, which word pofTeffed a great many
that all Hares were Females : He is called Lagas by
the Greeks, for his immoderate Luft ', and by the fame
Nation Ptoox, for his Fear h and by the Latines Lepuf,
quafi Levi-pefy fignifying Swiftnefs of feet (alias) IJght-
foot.
There are four forts of Hares i fome live in fhe
Mountains, fome in the Fields, fome in the Ma rfhes,
fome every where, without any certain place of abode.
They of the Mountains.^ are moft fvvift » they C)f the
Fields, lefs nimble-, they of the Marfhes, molt llow \
and the wandering Hares are moft dangerous to fallow •,
for they are fo cunning in the ways and mufes of the
Fields, running up the Hills and Ptocks, becaufe by cu-
ftom they know the nearer way, tvith other trich s, to
the confufion of the Dogs, and dif-encouragcmcnt of
the Hunters.
In the next place, a defcription of the parts of an
Hjire will not be.unnecefTary, fince it is admirable ro
behold how every Limb and Member of this Bcalt is
' - ' com-
88 ©f 5)ate-f)utttiitfi:>
compofed for celerity. In the firft place, the Head \i
round, nimble, (hort, yet of convenient longitude, prone
to turn every way. The Ears long, and lofty, like an
Affes: for Nature hath fo provided, that every fearful
and unarmed creature (hould have long and large Ears,
that by hearing it might prevent its Enemies, and fave
it felf by flight. The Lips continually move fleeping
and waking j and from the flit they have in the middle
of their Nofe, coraeth the term of Ham- lips which
9re fo divided in men.
The Neck of an Hare is long, fmall, round, foft.
and flexible: The Shoulder-bone flraight and broad!
!for her more eafie turning ; her Legs before foft, and
dland broader behinde than before, and the hindei
tegs longer than the former : a Breaft not narrow,
fcut fitted to take more breath than any Beaft of that
fcignefs : a nimble Back , and flefhy Belly , tendei
|.oins, hollow Sides, fat Buttocks, filled up, firong and
nervous Lines. Their Eyes are brown, and they arc
fubtile, but not bold i feldom looking forward, be-
caufe going by jumps. Their Eye-lids coming from tht
Brows are too fhort to cover their Eyes, and therefore
this Senfe is very weak in them : when they watch
ihey lliut their Eyes, and when they fleep they opec
them.
They have certain little Bladders in their Belly fil-
led with martcr, out ol which both the one and the
other Sex luck a certain humour, and anoint theii
Bodies all over therewith, and ki are defended againll
]p.ain. . ,
Though tiieir fight be dim, yet they hvtvifiminde-
fejfum^ an indefatigable fence of Seeing i fo that the
continuance in a mean degree, countervaileth in ihcra
the want of excellency.
They feed abroad, bccaufe they would conceal thcii
forms i and never drink, but content themfelvcs with
tli.e
I flDf iparcljuittiito:* sp
ihe Dew, and for that caufe they often fall rotten. As
[t is before, every Limb of a Hare is compofed for cc-^
ierity, and therefore (he never travellcth, but jumpeth :
ler Ears lead her the way in her Chafe i for with one
Df them fhe harkneth to the cry of the Dogs, and the
3ther (he flretcheth forth like a Sail, to haften her courfe ;
ilways Hretching her hinder beyond her former, and yet
lot hindering them at all i ?nd in Paths and High-ways
lie runs more fpeedily. /'■>=:'-
The Hares of the Mountains ^o often enercife them-
selves in the Valleys and Plains, and through practice
^row acquainted with the neareft ways to their Forms
Dr places of conftant abode. So that when at any time
:hey are hunted in the Fields, fuch is their fubtije dodf^-.
ng, that they will dally with the Huntfmen till they feem
:o bealmolt taken, and then on a fudden take the near-
eft way to the Mountains, and fo take Sanctuary in
he inacceirible places, whither Dogs nor Horfe dare af-
:end.
Hares which frequent Bufhes and Brakes, are not
ible to endure labour, and not very fwifr, by rcafon of
he pain in their Feer, growing fat through idlencfs
md difcontinuance of running. The Campeflrial or
Meld-H^rr, being leaner of Body, and ofiner chafed,
s taken with more difficulty, by reafon o{ her fingular
igility i (he therefore when (he beginneth her courfe ,
eapeth up trom ^he ground as if (he flew, afterwards
)alTcth througii Brambles, and over thick Bu(hes and
■hedges with all expeditions and if at any time (he
:ome into deep Grafs or Corrij (he eafily delivereth her
elf, and flideth through if, always holdi^ig up one
^ar, and bending it at her pleafure to be the Modera-
or of her Clraic. Neither is (he (b unprnvidcnt and
)rodigal ot her ftrength , as to (pend it all in one
Hoyrfe, but obfeiveth the force of her Frofccuror,
n\yo if he be flow and ihiggi(h3 (he is not pr(;fLifc of
her
her celerity, but onely walketh gently before the Dogs,
and yet fafely from their Clutches, referving her grea-
teft ftrength to her greateft neceffity : for (he knoweth
fhe can out-run the Dogs at her pleafure, and therefore
will not trouble her felf more than (he is urged. But
if there be a Dog following her more fwiftly than
the refidue, then (he fetteth forward with all the
force (he can •, and when (he hath left both Hun-
ters and Dogs a great way behinde her, (he getteth
to fome little Hill or riling of the Earth, where (he
raifeth her felf upon her hinder-Legs, that thereby (he
may obferve how far or near her Purfuers are dillant
from her.
The younger Hares, by reafon of their weak Mem-
bers, tread heavier on the Earth than the elder;
and therefore leave the greater Scent behiode them.
At a year old they run very fwift, and their Scen(
is ftronger in the Woods than in the plain Fields :
and if they lie down upon the Earth ( as they lovf
to do ) in red Fallow - grounds , they are eafily de-
fcried.
Their foot-fteps in the Winter-time are more appa-
rent than in the Summer, becaufe, as the Nights arc
longer, fo they travel farther: neither do they fcent ir
the Winter-mornings fo foon as it is day, until th<
Froft be fomewhat thawed •, but efpecially their foot
fteps are uncertain at the Full of the Moon, (or ther
they leap and play together, fcattering and putting ou
their fcent or favour", and in the Spring-time alfo
when they do ingender, they confound one anothei;!
footlteps by multitudes. . .
Har»
flDf S)aj:e=6utttinff» 91
IT is the judgement of all, that a Hare ^oth natu-
rally know the change of Weather from twenty
four hours to twenty four hours. When (he goeth to
her Form, (he will fuffer the Dew to touch her as lit-
tle as (he can, but foUoweth the High- ways and beaten
Paths.
They go to Buck commonly in January^ February^
ind March, and fometimes all the warm Months »
rometimes fecking the Buck feven or eight miles diftant
from the place where they ufually fit, following the
High- ways, e^c.
If when a Hare rifeth out of her Form, fhe couches
ler Ears and Scut, and runs not very fait at firft, it is an
infallible lign that (he is old and crafty.
You may know a Buck- Hare as you hunt him to his
"orm by his beating the hard High- ways. He feedeth
"arther out into the Plains, and maketh his doublings
uid croilings much wider, and of greater compa(s
han the Female doth : for (he will keep clofe by fome
Dovert-fide, turning and winding in the bulhcs like a
"^oney i and if (he go to relief in the Corn- fields, (he
eldom crofleth over the Furrows, but followeth them
long, Itaying upon the thicke(\ tufts of Corn to
"eed.
Likewife you may know a Buck at the riling out
f his Form by his Hinder - parts, which are more
/hitely i or if you obferve his Shoulders before he rife,
fhkh will be redder than the Does, having fome
)ofe long Hairs growing on them. Again, his Head
< (horter, and better trulTed i his Hairs about his Lips
longer i
9^ ©f !i)ace-6imtmij» i
longer \ and his Ears (horter and more gray. Thd
Hairs upon the female's Chine will be of a blackilh
gray.
Befides, when Hounds hunt a Female-H"<«re, (he will
ufe more croiTing and doubling, feldom making out
end-ways before the Hounds : whereas the Male a<^s
coiitrary ^ for having once made a Turn or two about
his Form, then farewal Hounds \ for he will frequently
lead them five or fix miles before ever he will turn his
head.
When you fee that your Hounds have found where
an Uarz hath pafs'd to Relief upon the High-way-fide,
and hath much doubled and croffed upon dry places,
and never much broken out nor relieved in the Corn,
it is a fign (he is but lately come thither \ and then com-
monly (he will (tay upon feme high place to look about
her, and to chufe out a place to form in, which (he will
be loth to part with.
Of the Craft and Subtlety of an Hare.
As of all Chafes i\\t Hare makes the grtatedf pafiime
and pleafurei fo it is a great delight and fatistadtion td
fee the craft of this little poof Bea(t in her own felf-
prefervation.
And that you may under(land what thefe Subtleties
are, you miilt firft take notice vi^hat Weather it is. If
it be rainy, then the Hare will hold the High- ways
more than At any other time : and if (he coite to the
fide of any young Grove or Spring, (he will fcarcely
enter, but fquat down by the lade thereof until the
Hounds have over-fiiot her j and then (he will return"
rhe felf fame way (lie came to the place from \Vhence
flie was fiarted, and will not by the way go into any
Covert, for fear of {he wet and Dew that hang upon
the Boughs
Iri
I In this cafe, let the Huntfman flay a hundred paces
before he corpes to the Wood- fide, by which means he
fhali perceive whether ihz return as aforefaid i vrhich
if (he do, let him hallow in his Hounds, and call them
back, and that prefently, that the Hounds may not
think it the Counter (became firft.
The next thing to be obferved, is the place where
:he Hare fitteth, and upon what wind (he makes her
Form : for it" (he form either upon the North or South-
wind, (he will not willingly run into the Wind, but
run upon a fide or down the Wind. But if die form
in the Water, it is a fign (he is foul and meafled. If
^ou hunt fuch a one, have a fpecial regard all the day
to the Brook-fides, for there and near Pla(hes Ihe will
Tiake all her croilings, doublings, &c,
I have feen a Hare fo crafty, that as foon as (he heard
:he found of a Horn , (he would intiantly ftart out of
ler Form, though it was a quarter of a mile diftant,
ind go fwim in iome Pool, and there rell her fdf upon
bme Ru(h-bed in the midft thereof, from whence (he
vould not ftir till (he heareth the Horn again •, and then
f have feen her ftart out again fwimming to Land, and
he hath (toad up before the Hounds four hours before
ve could kill her, fwimming, and ufing all her Subtle-
ies and erodings in the Water.
Such is the Natural cratt and fubtlety of a H:ire ,
hat fometimes , after (he hath been hunted three
lOurs, (he will ftart a freCh Hare, and fquat in the fame
orm. Others., having been hunted a coniiderable
ime, will creep under the Door oi a Sheep-coat, and
here hide themfelvcs among the Sheep-, or when they
re hard hunted, will run in among a flock of flieep, and
annot be gotten out from among them by any means,
II the Hounds are coupled up, and the Sheep driven
ito their Pens. Some Cand that is fomething ftrange)
^ill take the ground like a Comy^ and that is called
^4 ©f 5)ai:e*6mititto:*
^oing to the Vaut, Some Haref will go up one fide
of the Hedge, and come down the other, the thicknefs
of the Hedge being the onely diftance between the
courfes.
I have feen a Hare^ that being forely hunted, got up-
on a Quick-kt-hedge, and ran a good way upcn the
top thereof, and then lept off upon the ground. And
they will frequently betake themfelves to Furz-buQies.
and will leap from one to the other , whereby thi
Hounds are frequently in default. Nay, which is more,
1 have heard ot a Hjre, that being hunted two hours or
more, at length, to fave her felf, got upon an old Wall
llx foot high from the ground, and hid her felf in the
hole that was made for a Scaffold : and that fcveral have
fwam over Trent and Severn.
A Hare liveth not above feven years at mod, efpe-
cially the Buck i and if he and the Doe (liall keep one
quarter together, they will never fuffex any Ihange Hare
to fit by them h and therefore it is proverbially faid. The
moreyoit Imnt^ the more Uixcsyon /hall have i becaufe when
you have killed one Hare^ another will come and polTefs
his Form.
An Hare hath greater Scent, and is more eagerly
hunted by the Hounds, when (he feeds and rdicveth
upon green Corn, than at any other time in the year :
and yet there are fome Hares which naturally give a
greater Scent than others i as the great Wood Hares >
and fuch as are foul and mealled, and keep near to the
Waters : But the little red Hare, which is not much
bigger than a Coney^ is neither of (o Ifrong a Scent,
nor fo eagerly hunted. Such as feed upon the fmall
branches of wild Time, or fuch-like Herbs, are com-
monly very fwift, and will (land long up before the
Hounds. In like manner you have fome Hares more
fiabtile and cunning than others. Young Hares which
have not been hunted are foollQi, and are neither of
force
force nor capacity to ufc fucli fubtleties and crafts, but
hold on end- ways before the Hounds moll: commonly,
and do fquat and ftart again oftentimes, which doth
much encourage the Hounds, and enters them better
than if the Hare flies end- ways, as fometimes they will
five or fix mile an end.
The Females are more crafty and politick than the
Bucks j for they double and turn (horter than they,
which is difpleafant to the Hounds i for it is trouble-
fome for them to turn often, delighting more in an
cnd-way-chafe, running with all their force : for fiich
Hares as double and crofs fo often, it is requifite at de-
fault to caft the greater compafs about, when you beat
to make it out , for fo you will find all her fubrilties ,
and yet need to flick upon none of them , but onely
where (he went on forwards : By this means you will
abate her force, and compel her to leave doubling and
croffing.
Hovp to "Enter Hounds to the Hare.
Let the Huntfman be fure in the firft place to make
his Hounds very well acquainted with him and his
Voice, and let them underlland the Horn i and to this
end let him never blow his Horn or hallow but when
there is good caufe for fo doing, and let him be fure
that his Hounds want no encouragement.
Here by the way obferve two remarkable thing<?.
The.firft is, if you intend to enter a young Kennel of
Hounds, you muft take notice of the Country where
you will make your firft Quarry , and whereof you
make it. For according to the places wherein they are
firrt cntred, and the nature of the Quarry given them,
they will prove accordingly for the future. Thus it
they are firft entred in the Plains and Champain-coun-
txics, they will ever after more delight to hunt there
H than
9<^ ©f iptire^jUHtiucr*
than id any other place: and fo it is the fame with the
Coverts
But, fay fome of ovir Huntfmen, all ftrange Countries
that differ from that to which Hounds are accuftonned/
cautes them at \\\i\ to be at feck : But good Hounds
will foon be iiialkr of any Country s and therefore he
that would have the bell Hounds, mull ufe them to all
kinds of Hunting : And it is eafie io bring Hounds to
enjoy a Scent from a bkak Down to a trefh Pafture.
And therefore many of us love to enter in the worft
Countries.
Do not accuftom your Hounds to hunt in the Mor-
ning, bccau(c of the Dew and moifture of the Earth :
and befides, you will find by experience, that if after-
wards you hunt them in the heat of the day, they will
foon give over the chafe j neither will they calf on
willingly or chearfully, but feek out the (hades to fleep
in. Yet many of us agree, that to hunt both early and
late in the morning by Trayling, advantageth the
Hounds to ufe their Nofes i and by keeping them fome-
times in the heat of the day, or till night, moves them
to ftoutnefs.
The belt feafon to enter your young Hounds is in
September and O'iiober i for then the weather is tem-
perate, neither too hot nor too cold , and then is the
time to iind young Hares which have never been hun-
ted, which are foolifh, and ignorant of the politick
crolTings, doublings, c^c. of their Sires, gunning com-
monly end-ways, frequently fquatting, and as often
ftarting, by which encouragement the Hounds are the
better entered.
A Hare h?th greater Scent, and is more eagerly
hunted by the Hounds, when llie feedeth and relie^
veth on green Corn , than at any other time of the
year.
More-
Moreover, fomc Hares have naturally a greater fcent
than others, as the great Wood-Hares^ and fueh as are
foul and mcafled, having their grcateft refoit near the
Water and Plafhes.
The little finall red Hare^ not much bigger than a
Cnicy^ is very teeblc, and not much coveted by the
Hounds, having a bad fcent : but fuch as feed on the
fmall. branches of wilde Time are commonly very fwifr,
and will Hand up a long time before the Hounds.
The Does are much craftier than the Bucks, doub-
ling and turning oftner and Hiortcr, which is very
vexatious and troublefome to tli£ Hounds. Now for
fuch Hares as double and crofs fo often, it is requifite
at a default to call: the greater compafs about when you
draw to make it out i fo (liall you find all their fubtil*
ties h though it is needlefs to ftick upon any, but where
they went onwards : by fo doing you will abate the
force of a Hare, and force her from crofting and doub-
ling,
Some Hares hold the high beaten ways onely, whete
the Hounds can have no fcent : wherefore when the
Huntfman finds his Hounds at a default in the High-
way, let him hunt on until he find where the Hare
hath broken from the High-way, or hath found fome
Dale or frelh place where the Hounds may recover fcent,
looking narrowly on the ground as he goeth, if he can
find the Footing or Pricking of the Hare,
There are otiier places wherein a Hound can finde
no fcent •, and that is in fat and rotten ground, and it
rtickcth to the Foot ot the Hare^ which is called Car^
rying^ and fo confcquently (he leaves no fcent behinde
her. So likewife there are certain Months wherein
a Hound can find no fcent, and that is w the Spring-
time, by rcafon of the fragrant fmell of Flower?, and
the like.
Shun, as much as you can, hunting in bard frofty wea-
H a ther.
9S ©f 5)at:e'ljuntino:*
ther, for fo you will furbate or founder your Hounds,
and niake them lofe their Claws : befides, at that time
a Hare runneth better than at any other time, the Soals
of her feet being hairy.
To conclude, the beft way of entriftg your young
Hounds, IS by the help of old Staunch-Hounds i fo will
they the better learn to caft for it at a doubling or de-
fault.
What time of the year vs heji for Hare-
Hmting : Horv to find her^ jiart
heVj and chafe her.
The beft time to begin Hi?rc-Hunting , is about the
middle of September , ending towards the latter end
of February , left you deftroy the early brood of Leve-
rets. Moreover , upon the approach of Winter the
moiftnefs and coolnefs of the Earth increafeth, which
is agreable to the nature of the Hounds, and very ac-
ceptable, they ever hating extream heats and hot wea-
ther.
Your Hounds being two years old and upwards ,
you may exercife them thrice a Week, and they will
be the better for fo often hunting, provided you feed
well i and keep out your Hounds the greateft part of
the day, both to try their ftoutnefs, and to make them •
Itout.
If there be any Hound which hath found the Trail-
of a Hare where Ihe hath relieved that night, let the
Huntfman then forbear being over-hafty , but let the
Hounds make it of themfelves : and when he Ihall per-
ceive that they beghi to draw in together, and to call
on frelhly, then let him encourage them, efpecially that
Hound which hunteth beft, frequently calling him by his
name.
Here note, that a Hare leaveih better fcent when
ftie
(he goeth to relief, than when (he gocth towards her
Form : for when (he relieveth in the Field, (he cnuch-
eth her body low upon the ground, paffing often o-
ver one piece of ground, to find where lieth the beft
food \ and thus leaveth the better Scent, crotying alCo
fometimes.
Befides, when (he goes to her Form, (he commonly
takes the High-ways, doubling, cro(Iing, and leaping as
lightly as (he can \ in which places the Hounds can have
no fcent, (as is faid before) by reafon of the duft, &c.
And yet they will fquat by the (ides of the High-ways i
and therefore let the Huntfman beat very well the (ides
of thofe High- ways.
Now having found where a Hau hath relieved in
fome PaOure or Corn-field, then mu(l: you confider the
feafon of the year, and what Weather it is : for if it
be in the Spring-time, or Summer, a Harz will not then
lit in the Bu(hes, becaufc they are frequently offended
with Pifmires, Snakes and Adders, but will lit in Corn-
fields and open places.
In winter they love to fit near Towns and Villages
in Tufts of Thorns and Brambles, cfpecially when the
Wind is Northerly or Southerly.
According to the feafon and nature of the place
where the Han is accullomed to fit, there beat with
your Hounds and (iart her •, which is much better
fport than Trailing of her from her Relief to her
Form.
When the Uan is ftarted and on foot, then (lep in
where you faw her pafs, and hallow in your Kotinds
until they have all undertaken it and go on v.'ith it
in full cry : then Recheat to them with your Horn ,
following fair and foftly at riril, making neither too
much haile nor noiG* with Horn or Voice : for at the
firlt Hounds are apt to over-lhoot the chafe through,
too much heat. But having ran the fpace of 2.n hour,
H ^ and
100 £)f patK^ anti c^iaiten^.
and that you fee the Hounds are well in with it, ftjck-
ing well upon it, then you may come in nearer with
the Hounds, becaufe by that time their heat will be
cooled, and they will hunt more foberly. But above
all things mark the Hrft doubling, which mutt be your
diredion for the whole day, for all the doublings that
(he afterwards (hall make will be like the former : and
according to the policies that you (hall fee her ufe, and
the place where you hunt, you rnuft make your compaf^
fes great or little, long or fhort, to help the defaults, al-
ways fecking the moitkft and moft commodious places
for the Hounds to fcent in. .
To conclude, thofe who delight in the commendable
Exercife of Hunting the Hare^ murt rife early, left they be
deprived of the fcent of her foot-lkps, by which means
the Dogs will be incapacitated to follow their Game i
for the nature of the fcent is fuch, that it will not remain
long, but fuddainly, in a manner every hour, vanilheth
away.
Of Parks and. Warrens.
HAving thus difcourfed of the Nature and Pro-
perties •oi the Hare, together with the manner
of hunting them i in the next place I hold it not im-
proper in Ihort to fpeak fomething of Parks and en-
clofed Warrens, wherein Hares, Coneys, Veer, Sec. may
always be ready as it were out of a Store- houfe or Se-
minary to ferve the wfe and pleafure of their Ma-
iler?.
The firft Koman that ever enclofcd wild BeaOs ,
was Ftilvius Hirfinui ■•, and Varco had the hr(l Warren
of Hares. ■ The largeft Hare PaiHs th^t ever 1 heard
..;.:. ■ • ■ • ■ oh
£)t' \?titH mils £:Oarrcri0« loi
of, and fhc beft furnidicd with thofe fearful, yet fub-
tiie Creatures, arc in Ireland-^ the oi^e belongs to fhc
Lor^-^ifw^"/?.;/^* of that Kingdom, nat Vi(hli>i \ and
the other in the North, and belongs to the I.(.rd of
Mazarecn. It will be a tedious task for me to give
you an account of the variety of Parks and VVatrens
within the three Kingdoms ■■, 1 lliall (herefoie onely tell
you in what manner they arc eredtcd, and that very
briefly.
The Walls or Pales muft be high, or clofe joynted,
(p as neither Badger nor Cat can creep through , nor
IVolf^ nor Fox can leap over i wherein ought alfo to be
Buihes and broad Trees to cover the Bealls againli heat
and cold, gind other fecret places to fatishe their natures,
and to defend the leflfer beafts, as Hm-cs^ Coneys^ &c.
from Ihtvh^^ Kitcs^ and other ravening Fowls: in
which three or tour couple of Hares will quickly maUii-
ply into a great Warren.
It is very good to fow Gourds, Mifccline, Corn,
Eavley, Peaf;, and fuch-like, wherein Hares delight,
and will thereby quickly grow fat.
Warreners have a very crafty device to fitten Hans^
which by experience is found cffedlual, and that is by
putting Wax into their Ears, and fo nuke th:m dcat i
then turn them into the place where they (hould ked,
where being freed from the fear of Sounds ( for want
oi hearing) they grow fat before other of their
kind.
Here note, that when you have pitched your Hays
for Coneyr. found a Trumpet in fome of the Burroug'^s,
and fcarce a Coney in the whole Warren but will.itart a-
broad,
1 fhall end this Chapter with Martia?s praifc of a
Haxe and diThruJh.
H 4 li'
102 £)f Coitep catcDintj.
Inter Aves Ittrdm ft quU in Judice certet.
Inter ^adrupedes gloria prima Lepm.
Amongli: all Birds none with the Thmfh compare,
And no Beaft hath more glory than the Hare,
Of Conty -Catching.
BEfore we fpeak of the Hunting of the Coney^ it will
not -be amifs to take notice ot her nature and pro-
perties, which are ihele : (he carrieth her young in her
Belly thirty days i as (oon as (he hath kirdned (he goes
to Buck. They begin to breed in England at a year old
fbat fooner in other places) and fo continue, bearing at.
kail feven times in a year if they Litter \n March \ this
is the reafon that a fmall ftcck will ferve to increafe a
large VVarien. The Does cannot fuckle their young till
they have been with the Buck, wh.ich muft be done pre-
fently, or (he will not be inclined fourteen days after.
when the Buck goes to Doe, he will beat very
llrongly with his fore- Foot upon the ground, and by
that means he heateth liimfelf. When he hath buckr,
he is accutioir.ed to fall backwards, and lie as if he
were in a Trance or half dead, at which time he is eafily
taken.
The Laiincf call a Coney^ Cuniculm^ becaufe it maketh
holes in the Earth \ and Citmculiis was a Latine word
for a Hole'or Give in the Earth, before it was taken for
a Coney.
Ihe Bucks will kill the young. if they can com? at
them, like to your Errc-cats *, and therefore the Dec
prevents that mifchic-l-, by covering her Stop or Nelt
with
Of CoiteHatcljfitff* lo;
with Earth or Gravel, that fo they may not eafily be
iifcovered.
Thofe who Iceep Coneys tame for profit, may give
them to eat Vine- leaves, Fruits,Herbs, Grafs, Bran,Oat-
meal, Mallows, Milk-thiftles, Apple-parings, Cabbage,
Lettifc, or Garret- tops. In Winter they will eat Hay,
Oats, and Chaff, being given to them thrice a day ;
but when they eat green things, they muft not drink at
all, becaufe of the Dropfie which will follow : At all o-
ther times a little drink muft ferve their turn, and that
muft be always frefti. Here note, give them not too
much green juicy meat, unlcfs you entermix there-
with what is dry, as Oats, Chaff, &c. otherwife they
will be Cathed^ or tun-bellied.
Now the way of taking them is either by fmall Curs
or Spaniels bred up for that fport i and their places for
hunting are among Bufties and Hedges j or elfe by
courting them with fmall Grey-hounds. In their de-
fault they are commonly driven into their Burrows *,
and therefore it will be- very requifite to fet Purfe-nets
on the Holes, then put in a Ferret dofe muzzled, and ftie
will make the Coneys^ bolt out again into the Purfe-nets,
and fo you may take them. Some fay the Drone of a
Bag- pipe, put into a Co«c)»-borrow, and blown on a fud-
den, will make Coneys bolt.
For want of a Ferret, you may take the powder of Or-
pine and fome Brimftone, and therewith make a fmother
in the Burrows, and fo rhey will bolt out. But this
way is not to be approved of, for by that means the
Coneys will forfake thofe Burrows, and fo in a little time
a Warren will be dcftroy'd, Ihould this courfe be ufed frs^
quently.
But above Nefs and Ferrets, Hays are to be preferred
for the raking oiComys\ neither is the drawing Ferret
10 be defpifcd when they are young. Likewjfc there is
excellent Iport to be made u'ith our Tumblers, who vvill
kill Coneys abundantly. Let
104 . £>ftl)zStmtu
Let this fuffice , fince any farther difcourfe hereof
is neither proper, nor pertinent to my prefent pur-
pofe.
Of the Ferret,
THe Ferret is alittk creature that is not bred in Spain,
Italy ^ France, nor Germany i but in England they
biced naturally, and are tamed for the beneht of fuch
who keep Warrens, and others.
It is a bold and audacious Beaft, Enemy to all others
but his own kind, drinking and fucking in the blood oi
the bealt it biteth, but eateth not the flelh.
Wheaihe Warrener hath an occafion to ufe his Fer-
ret, he tirft makes a noife in the Warren to frighten what
Comys are abroad into their Burrows, and then he pitch-
cth his Netsi after that, he puts his Ferret into the
Earth, having a long Strick, with Bells about her Neck,
whofe Mouth murt be muzzled, fo that he may not feize^
but frighten xh^Coneys out of their Burrows, and after-
wards driven by Dogs into the Nets or Hays fo planted
for them.
The Body is longer for the proportion than the
quantity may afford. Their colour is variable, fome-
times black and white on the Belly, but moft common-
ly of a ycllowilli fandy ^olour, like Wool died in
Urine, The Head is little, like a Moufe's s and there-
fore into whatfoever Hole (he can put it in, all her
body will eafily follow after. The Eyes are fmali,
but tiery like red-hot Iron, and therefore (lie fecth molt
clearly in the dark. Her Voice is a whining cry with-
out changing it : She hath oncly two Teeth in her
fieithe;: Chap, lljinding o'4t, aud not joy npd a;id grow-
©f jFo^t'ljuntiuD:* ^^5
k together. The Genital of the Male is of a bony
ubrtance, and therebre it always ftandeth Ihff, and
s not lefler at one tinie than another. The pkafure
)f the fence in Copulation is not in the Genital-parr,
,ut in the Mufcles, Tunicles, and Nerves wherein the
aid Genital runneth. When they are m Copulation
•he Female lieth down, or bcndeth her Knees, and conti-
lually crieth like a Cat, either becaufe the Male claweth
ler with his nails, or by reafon of the roughncls ot his
3cnital. ,
She uiually brings forth feven or eight at a tirne, car-
rying them forty days in her little belly: The young
ones newly littered are blind thirty days together-, and
within forty days after they can fee, they may be ufed as
their dam for protit and recreation. ^
When tamed, they are nouriftied with Milk or with
Barley-bread, and they can fall a very long time. When
they go. they contrad their long back, and make it
ftand upright in the middle round like a Bowl : when
they are touched, they fmell like a Martel ; and they
deep very much. Thus much of the Ferret, which I
thought good to place after the Chapter of Cr;;/^- etch-
ing, becaufe this little Animal is fuch a necelfary Inltru-
ment for that purpofe.
Of ^ OX' Hunting.
His Shape and Proportion is fo well known, being
a beall fo common, that i? will be necdkls to
defcribe him.
His nature in many refpeds is like that of a TFo!f\
for they bring as many Qubs at a litter onp qs the o-
thcr : but thus they .differ ', the Fox Litters deep under
the ground, fo doth not the JFoIf. A
10^ €)f jFo^'fiUtttfitQ:* I
A Bkch-Fox is hardly to be taken when flie is brag
ged and with Cub i for then (he will lie near her Bur
row, into which (he runs upon the hearing of the leal
noife. And indeed at any time it is fomewhat diffi
cult i for the Fox (and fo the Wolf J is a very fubtil
crafty creature.
• Fox-hunting is very pleafant h for by reafon of hi
ftrong hot fcent he maketh an excellent Cry : And a
his fcent is hotteft at hand, fo it dies fooneft. Befides
he never flies far before the Hounds, truHing not on hi
Legs, Strength, or Champion ground , but dronod
Coverts. When he can no longer ftand up before *?h(
Hounds, he then takerh Earth, and then muft he be dia.
ged out. ^
If Grey, hounds courfe him on a Plain, his laft refupi
IS to pifs on his Tail, and flap it in their Faces as thev
come near him h fometimes fquirting his thicker Excre-
ment upon them, to make them give over the Courfe oi
purfuit.
When a Bitch-F<?;c goes a dicketing and feeketh (o\
a Dog, (he crycth with a hollow Voice, not unlike the
howlmg of a mad Dog-, and in the fame manner flie
cries when flie mifTeth any of her Cubs : but never
makes any cry at all when flie is killing, but defends
herfdfto the laft gafp.
A Fox will prey upon any thing he can overcome,
and feeds upon all forts of Carrion i but their dainties,
and the food which they moft delight in, is Poultry.
Ihey are very dcflrudive and injurious to Cwfv- War-
rens, and Will fometimes kill Hares by deceit and fubtil-
ty, and not by f^vift running.
The Fox is taken with Hounds, Grey-hounds Ter-
riers, Nets, and Gins. '
Of Terriers there are two fort?. The one is crooked-
leg d, and commonly (nort-hair'd : and thcCe will take
Earth
f)f iFoje-fiunting* 107
larth well , and will lie very long at Fox or Badger,
The other fort is (hagged and ftraight Legg'd : and
jhefe will not onely hunt above-ground as other Hounds,
l»ut alfo enter the Earth with much more fury than the
Drmer j but cannot flay in fo long, by reafon of their
;reat eagernefs.
The time of entring thefe Terriers, is when they are
pear a twelve-month old i for if you enter him not in
Ivithin this time., you will hardly after bring him to take
ihe Earth. And to encourage the young Terrier the
jnore, put in an old one before him, that can better en-
ilure the fury of the Fox or Badger : and be careful that
leither of them be old when you engage your young
Terrier with him.
The entring and flefhing them may be done feveral
vays. In the firft place thus : When Foxes and Bad-
;e>v have young Cubs, then take your old Terriers and
pnter them in the ground -, and when they begin to
)ay, you muft then hold every one of your Terriers at
,1 fundry Hole or Mouth of the Earth, that they may
jiften and hear the old ones Bay. Having taken the
)ld Fox or Badger^ and that nothing remains v;ithin
)ut the young Cubs, then couple up all your old Terri-
ers, and put in thC young in their flead, encoura-
ging them by crying , Jo him, to him^ to him. And if
:hey take any young Cub within the' ground, let them
done to do what they pleafe with him *, and forget
iOt to give the old Terriers their reward, which is the
31ood and Livers, fryed with Cheefe and fome of their
3wn Greafe, (hewing them the Heads and Skins to
encourage them. Before you reward them, wadi them
A'ith Soap and warm Water, to dear their Skins from
jEarth and Clay that is clodded to the Hair, otherwife
j:hey are apt to be mangie. You may alfo enter them
in this manner : Take an old Fox^ or Badger^ and cut
iway the neither Jaw, but meddle not with the other,
leaving
io8 c^f ifo.t fjuittfnff.
leaving the upper to fhew the fury of the Beaft, al-
though it can do no harnn therewith. Then dig an
Earth in feme convenient place in your own grounds,
and be careful to make it wide enough', to the intent
the Terriers may turn therein the better, and that there
may be room enough for two to enter together : then
cover the Hole with boards and Turf, putting the Fox
or Badger tirft therein, and afterwards put in your Terri-
ers both young and old, encouraging them with words
that are the ufual terms of Art. When they have bay'd
fufficiently, then begin to dig with Spades and Mat-
tocks, to encourage them againli fuch time as you are to
dig over them : then take out the Fox or Badger with
the Clamps or Pinchers, killing it before them, or let
a Grey-hound kill it in their tight, and make them
reward thereof. Here note , that inftead of cutting
away the Jaw, it will be every whit as well to break
out all his Teeth, to prevent him from biting the Ter-
riers.
Now to fay the truth, there is not much paftime or
pleafurc in Hunting of a Fox under ground v for as
foon as that fubtle creature perceiveth the Terriers, il
they bay hard, and lie near unto them, they will bolt
out immediately, unlefs it be wfien the Bitch hath
young Cubs, then they will fooner die than ftir.
They make their Earths as near as they can in
ground that is hard to dig, as in Clay, Stoney-ground.
or amongft the Roots of Trees > and" their Earths have
commonly but one Hole, and that is ikaight a kmg
way in before it come at their Couch. Sometimes
craftily they pofTefs themfelves of a Badger^s old Bur-
row , which hath variety of Chambers, Holes, and
Angles.
When a good Terrier doth once binde th^ Fox^ he
then yearns, and defends himfelf very notably, but not
fo (trenuoufly as the Badger, nor is his biting half fo
dange-
jangerous. Here note, if you take z Bitch-Fox when
pe goeth a Clicketing, and cut out that Gut which
ontaineth her Sperm , together with the Kidneys
vhich Gelders deprive Bitches o{ when they fpay
hem, and cut them intofmall gobbets, mingling there-
^i:h the Gum ot Ma(Hck, and put them hot as they are
ito a Pot, and cover the fame elofe, it will ferve for an
xcellcnt Train for a Fo.v, and will keep the whole year
ouiid. Take the Skin of Bacon, and broil it well on
Gridiron^ then dip it in the ingredients of the Pot
forefaid, and make a train thereof, you will cxpe-
imentally find, that if there be any Fox near to any
lace where the train is drawn, he will follow it i
ut let him who makes the train rub the foals of his
eet with Cow-dung, left the Fox vent his footing :
nd thus you may train a Fox to a (landing , and
ill him in an Evening with Gun or Crofs-bow. It
; likewife found by experience, that if a Terrier be
ubbed with Brimftone, or with Oil of Cade, and then
ut him into an Earth where either a Fox or Badger is,
bey will leave that Earth, and come not to it again a
ood while after.
, I (hall conclude this difcourfe with what I have ob-
;rved in Gefmrs HifloryofBealls tending to the fame
urpofe : faith he, ^s he frequently cheats the Badger of
is Habitation by laying h'n Excrements at the month of his
]arth or Bttrrovp \ fo-^for Of much oi the Wolf is an Enemy
) the Fox, he layeih in the mottth of his Earth an Herb
iVed a Sea-onion, rvhich a Wolf naturally hates, .ind is /w
verfe thereunto, that he mil never come near the flacc where
■ either lies or groves.
Of FoK- Hunting above ground*
To this purpofe you muft draw with your Honj-ids
bout Groves, Thickets, and Bulhes near Villages : for
no £)f jro]e=6utttmo:^
a Fox will lurk in fuch places, to prey on young Pigs
and Puliein.
But it will be neceflary to flop up his Earths, if you
can find them, the night before you intend to hunt ■•,
and the beft time will be about midnight, for then the
Fox goeth Ola to feek his Prey. You may (top his
Holes by laying two white fticks a crofs before them;
which will make him imagine it is Come Gin or Trap
laid for him : or elfe you may flop them up clofe with
black-Thorns and Earth together.
The beft hunting a Fox above-ground, is in January.
February., and March., for then you (hall beft fee youi
Hounds hunting, and beft find his Earthing ^ befides, ai
thofe times the Fox's Skin is beft in feafon.
Again, the Hounds beft hunt the Fox in the coldell
weather, becaufc he leaveth a very ftrong fcent behind
him i yet in cold weather it chills fafteft.
At firft onely caft off your fure Finders, and as the
Drag mends, fo adde more as you dare truft them.
Shun cafting off too many Hounds at once, becaufc
Woods and Coverts are full of fundry Chafes, and fc
you may engage them in too many at one time.
Let fuch as you caft off at firft be old Staunch-
Hounds, which are fure •, and if you hear fuch a Hound
call on merrily, you may cafl off feme other to him
and when they run it on the full cry, caft off the reft
and thus you (hall compleat your paftime.
The words of comfort are the fame which are ufed
in the other chafes, attended with the fame Hallowing?
and other ceremonies.
Let the Hounds kill the Fox themfelves, and worr^
and hare him as much as they pleafe : many Hounds
will eat him with eagernefs.
When he is dead, hang him at the end of a Pike-ftaff,
and hallow in all your Hounds to bay him : but reward
them not with any thing belonging to the Fox i for it is
not good, neither will they eat it. Oj
£)f 'Banger-fiuntinrj. m
Of B^dg^r-Hunt^ffg.
A Badger is called by feveral names , viz, a Gray^
Jl\ Brock,^ Borefon or Baufon , and in France Tjujfon.
The Male is called a Badger or Boar-pig i and the Fe-
male is called a Soiv.
Thefe Beafts are plentiful in Naples^ Sicily., Lucam^
and in the ^//?i/2e and Helvetian CoaRs \ foare they alio
here in 'England.
There are two kinds of this heart, ( faith GcfncrJ
one refembling a Dog in his feet, and the other a Hog
in his cloven hoof: they differ too in their fnout and
colour i for the one refembles the fnout of a Dog, the o-
ther of a Swine : the one hath a greyer coat, or whiter
coat than the other, and goeth farther out in (eckingof
its prey. They differ alfo in their mear, the one eating
Flefh and Carrion like a Dog, the other Roots and
Fruits like a Hog: both thefe kinds have been found in
Normandy^ France^ and Sicily.
Mr. Turbervil makes mention of two forts of Bad-
gers like wife , but in a difTerent manner. For the one
( faith he ) caftcth hU Fiaunts long Ith^ a Fox, and h.ive
their reftdence in Rockj^ making their Bmroaps very deep.
The other fort mak^ their Burroivs in light ground^ and
have more variety of Cells and Chambers than the for'
mer. The one of thefe is called the Badger-pig^ and
the other the Badger-rvhelp \ or call one Canine., and
the other Swinijh. The hrft hath his Nfofe, Throat,
and Ears ycllowifh like a Marterns Throat > and are
much blacker, and higher LegM than the Badger-
whelp. Both forts live upon all FlcQi, hunting greedi-
Jy atter Carrion, They are very miichievous and hurt-,
I M
112 £Df 'BaHgeMjimting.
ful to Warrens , cfpecially when they are big with.
young.
Badgers when they Earth, after by digging they have
entred a good depth, for the clearing of the Earth out,
one of them falleth on the back, and the other layeth
Earth on the belly, and fo taking his hinder feet in his
mouth, drawetii the Belly-laden- K^x^^/^fr out of the Hole
or Cave i and having disburdened her felf, re-enters,
and do:h the like till all be hnifhed.
Thefc Badgers are very fleepy, efpecially in the day-
time, and feldom ftir abroad but in the night j for
which caufe they are called Lucifug<e^ avoiders of the
Light.
It is very pleafant to behold them when they ga-
ther materials for their Couch, as llraw, leaves, mofs,
and fuch-like \ for with their Feet and their Head they
will wrap as much together as a man can well carry un-
der his arm, and will make (hift to get it into their Cells
and Couches.
He hath very (harp Teeth, and therefore is accoun--
ted a deep biting beaft : his back is broad , and hrsj
legs are longer on the right fide than the left, and
therefore he runneth bell when he gets on the fide ofl
an Hill, or a Cart - road - way. His fore-Legs have!
very lliarp Nails, bare, and apt to dig withal, being!
five both before and behinde, but the hinder very mu'cM
Ihorter, and covered with hair. His favour is ftrong,,
and much troubled with Lice about the fecrets. Bothi
Male and Female have under their Hole another Hole!
outwardly, but not inwardly in the Male. If (he bei
hunted abroad with Hounds, Ihe biteth them moft grie-
vouily where-ever (he lays hold on them. For the pre-
vention thereof, the careful Huntfmen put great broad
Collars made of Grays Skins about their Dogs Necks.
Her manner is to tight on her back, ullng thereby both
her Teeth and her Nails i and by blowing up her Skin
af-
after a ftrange and wonderful manner, (he defendeth her
felf . againft any blow and teeth of Dogs •<, onely a fmall
ftroke on her Nofe will difpatch her prefently '-> you may
thralh your heart weary on her back, which (he values as^
a matter of nothing.
In Italy they eat the flefli of Badgers, and fo they do
in Germany, boiling it with Pears : fome have eaten it
here in England, but like it not, being of a fweet rankifli
tafte.
The flefli is bed in September if it be fat » and of the
two kinds, the Swinifti Badger is better flefh than the o-
ther.
They love Hogs-flefh above any other •, for take but i
piece of Pork and train it over a Badger''^ Burrow, if he
be within, you Qiall quickly fee him appear without.
Their nature is very cold i and therefore when it
fnoweth they will not come out of their holes for three
or four days together.
They live long, and by mere age will grow blinde »
then will they not ftir out of their Holes, but are fed by
thofe who have their fight.
This fubtilty they have, that when they perceive the
Terriers begin to yearn them, they will il:op the hole be-
tween the Terriers and them : if the Terriers continue
baying, they will remove their baggage with them, and
go into another apartment or chamber of the Burrow,
(for know that fome of their Houfes have half a dozerS
rooms at lead s ) and fo will remove from one to the o-
ther, till they can go no further, barricadoing the way as
they go.
The Hunting of a Badger muft be after this manners
You muft firft feek the Earths and Burrows where he
lieth, and in a clear Moon-fliine night go and rtop all
the holes but one or two, and therein place fome Sacks
fallned with fome drawing Strings, which may fhuthim
in as foon as he (!r3ineih the Bag. ^ ^
1 14 £)f 'Banger^juntittff*
The Sacks or Bags being thus fet, caft of your
Hounds, and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tufts
within a mile or two about. What Badgers are abroad,
being alarm'd by the Dogs, will liraight repair to their
Earths or Burrows, and fo be taken.
Let him that ftandeth to watch the Sacks , ftand
clofe, and upon a clear Wind, for elfe the Badger will
foon find him, and fly fome other way for fafety.
But if the Hounds either encounter him, or undertake
the chafe before he can get into his Earth, he will then
ftand at bay like a Boar, and make moft incomparable
(port.
What Injiruments are to be ufed in digging,
and horp to dig for Badger or Fox.
In the firft place, you muft have fuch as are able to
dig : next, you muft have fo many Terriers garniftied
with Bells hung in Collars, to make the Fox or Badger
bolt the fooner i befides, the Collars will be fome fmall
defence unto the Terriers.
The Inftruments to dig withal are thefe : a fharp-
pointed Spade, which ferveth to begin the Trench where
the ground is hardeft, and broader Tools will not fo well
enter s the round hollowed Spade", which is ufeful to dig
amongft Roots, having very (harp edges v the flat broad
Spade, to dig withal when the Trench is better opened,
and the ground fof ter j Mattocks and Pick-axes, to dig
in hard ground where a Spade will do but little fervice i
the Coal-rakc, to cleanfe the Hole, and to keep it from
flopping up i the Clamps, whereby you may take a Fox
or Badger out alive to make fport therewith afterwards.
And it would not be amifs to have a Pail of Water, to
irefrefti your Terriers after they are come out of the Earth
to take breath.
In this Older you may befiege a fox or Badger in
theif
. 2Df f)ttcr-f)imtutD:* 115
their ftrongeft Holes or Caftles, and may break their
Cafmats, Platforms, Parapets, and work to them with
Mines and Counter- mines, until you have obtained
your fatisfaftion. But there is a (hotter method thao
this, which by reafon of its commonnefs 1 (hall foir
bear to mention.
Of the Otter.
IT is fuppofed by feme that the Otter is of the kindr®f
Beavers^ being it is an amphibious creature living
both in the Water and on the Land \ befides, the out-r
ward form of the parts beareth a fimilitudeof that bt-^afi-.
Some fay, were his tail off, he were in all parts like a Bcti-
ver^ differing in nothing but habitation : For the Biavcr
frequenteth both the Salt-water and the Frefli ^ but the
Otter never goeth to the Salt.
Though the Otter live in the Water, yet it doth not
breath like Fifties through the benefit of the Water, it
doth breath like other four-footed beafts, yet it will re-
main a long time underneath the Water without refpi-
ration.
If he want prey in the Waters, then will he quit
them for the Land j and if by painful hunting afhore
be cannot hll his belly, he will feed on Herbs, Snails,
or Frogs : neither will he take lefs pains in the water
to fatisiie hunger , for he will fwim two miles together
againfl the fiream, that fo, when his belly is full, the
current of the ftream may carry him down again to h^
defigned Lodging, which is near the water, very zn\f»
cially built with boughs, fprig=;, and fticks couching to-
gether in excellent order, wherein he fitteth to keep
him from the wet.
I 3 !r,
n<^ £Df C)tteC'T)mttutg>
In the hunting of ¥i{h he often pops his Nofe above
water to take breath : It is a creature of wonderful
fwiftnefs and nimblenefs in taking his prey, and fot
greedinefs takes more than he knows what to do
with.
It is a very fubtile and crafty beaft, and indowedl
with a wonderful fagacity and fenfe ot fmelling, info-
much that he can diredtly wind the Filhes in the waters
a mile or two off.
The flefh of this beaft is both cold and filthy, becaufe
it feedeth on Itinking Fi(h, and therefore not fit to be ea-
ten i yet it is eaten in Germany •-, and the Carthufun Fry-
ers, who are forbidden to eat all manner of flefti of other
four-footed beafts, yet they are not prohibited the ea-
ting of Otters. There are thofe in England^ who late-
ly have higfily valued an 0«cr-pie, much good may it
do them with it.
Thefe Otters muft be hunted by fpecial Dogs, fuch
as are called Otter hounds, and alfo with fpecial Inftru-
ments called O^tr-fpears. When they find themfelves
wounded with a fpcar, they then come to Land, where
they fight with the Dogs furioufly \ and except they
be firft wounded, they forfake not the Water : for they
are not ignorant how fafe a refuge the Waters are un-
to thrm, and how unequal a combat they (hall fuftain
with Men and Dogs upon the Land : yet, becaufe the
cold Water annoyeth their green wounds, therefore
they fpin out their lives to the length of the thread,
chufing rather to die in torments among Dogs, than to
die in the Waters-
The Food of an Otter ( as I faid ) is Fi(hi and her
abode is commonly under the Root of feme Tree near
Rivers, Brooks, Pools, Meers, or Filh-pondsj and
fomctimes (he will lie in a hollow Tree four or five
foot above ground : and ro Vermin can be more de-
ftru6tive to a Wairen, than the Otter is to a Fi(h-pon4 j
'■"""' ioi
SDf C)tter'!jtmtmD:, 117
for (he diveth and hunteth under water after that mort
wonderful manner, that few filh efcapeher, unkfs they
are very f\yift and great.
An Otter and Ferret grow fait much about the fame
time, and bring forth their young much after the fame
manner, neither having their conliant number.
There is much craft and cunning in the hunting
them \ yet with pains- taking you may enfnare them
under the water, and by River-fides, as you may a Hare
with H^re- pipes and fuch-like Gins. They bite fore
and venomoufly, and when occafion ferves tliey will de-
fend themfelves ftoutly. If after their enfnarirg they
chance to abide there long, they will feon enlarge them-
felves with their teeth.
Thefe creatures are footed like your water-Fowl, ha-
ving a web between their claws, and have no heel, but
a round ball under the foal of their Feet : and their
Track is called their Mjri^, as the Slot of a Hart ■■, and
their Excrements are called Spraints.
An Otter will not abide long in a place , for he is apt
to be afraid and take diftafie, (having an excellent Ear
and Nofe, for hearing and fmellingi ) and then he will
forfake his Couch, and (hift a mile or two up or down
the River: and this he will do according as he hndes
fcarcityoffilhing.
In hunting of the Otter obferve this, to fend fome to
one fide of the River whilli you are on the other, and
fo beat on the banks with your Dogs, and fo you vAW
foon find if there be an Otter in that quarter : for an
Otter cannot endure long in the water, but mull come
forth to make his Spraints, and in the night fome-
times to feed on Grafs and fuch Herbs as the Helds af-
ford.
If any of the Hounds find out an Otttr^ then look.
in the foft grounds and moilf places to fee which way
he bent his head ; if the marks make no difcovery,
I 4. you
1 18 f)f ^quinrel fiuntmo:*
you may partly perceive it by the fpraints, and fo fol-
low the Hounds, and lodge him as a Hart or Veer,
If you find not the Otter quickly, you may then ima-
gine he is gone to couch fomewhcre farther off from
the River : for fometimes he will feek his food a mile
from the place of his red, chuliing rather to go up the
Hivcr than down, becaufe upwards he meets with bet-
ter fccnt of Fi(hi and bearing his nofe into the wind,
he thall the fooner finde any fault that is above
him.
Remember, in the Hunting of the Otter, that you
and your friends carry your 0/?cr-fpears to watch his
Vents, for that is'thc chief advantage : and if you per-
ceive where the Otter (w'lms under water, then (hive to
get to a Hand before him where he would vent, and
there endeavour to ftrike him with yourfpearj but if
you mi(s, purfue him with the Hounds, which if they
be good Otter-hoimds^ and perfectly entrcd, will come
chaunting and trailing along by the River-fide, and will
beat every Tree-root, ever^ Ofier-bed and tuft of Bull-
rulhesi nay, fometimes they will take the Water, and
beat it like a Spaniel. And by thefe means the Otter can
hardly efcape you.
Of the Squirrel.
o
THe firfl Author that ever wrote of this little Ani-
mal was Oppianus, who liv'd in the days q>{ Auto-
m:is C£jar., and wrote a Book alfo c.{ Hunting.
• A Squirrel is greater in couipafs than a IFcaJIe, but
the latter is lunger than the other s tiie back-parts and
all the body is rcddilh except the belly, which is
white. In Helvetia they are black and branded, and
" . • they
they are hunted at the fall of the Leaf, when the Trees
grow naked : for they run and leap from bough to
bough in a moll admirable and agile manner ■<, and
when the Leaves are on, they cannot be fo well dif-
cerned. They are of three colours, in the firft age
black, in the (econd of a rufty Iron-colour, and laftly,
when old, they are full of white hoar Hairs. Their
Teeth are like the Teeth of Mice, having the two un-
der-Teeth very long and (harp. Their Tail is always
as big as their Body, and it lieth continually on their
back when they fleep or fit Itill, and it feemeth to be
given them for a covering.
In the Summer-time they build them Nefts (which
by fome are called Drays J in the Tops of the Trees
very artificially with Sticks and Mofs , with other
things the Woods afford, and then they fill it with
Nuts for Winter- provifion, and do fleep like the Alpine
Moufe mol\ part thereof very found ly, in fuch fort,
that the beating of the outlide of their Drays will not
wake them.
When they leap from Tree to Tree, they ufe their
Tail inftead of VVings, leaping a great diftancc, and
are fupported without finking to any one's appearance*,
nay, they will frequently leap from a very high Tree
down to the ground, and receive no harm.
Many mult go together to hunt them, and muft
carry Dogs with them : and the fitted: place for the
cxercife of this fport, is in little and fmall flender
Woods, fuch as may be (haken by the hand. Bows
are requifite to remove them when they reft in the
twifts of Trees •, for they will not be much terrified
with all the hallowing, except they be ftruck now and
jthen by one means or other. Well do they know
iwhat harbour a high Oak is unto them, and how fecure
they can lodge therein from Men and Dogs \ where-
fore fincc it is too troublefome to climb every Tree,
that
%
1 20 ©f tfie ^attetit nm UJiftJ-Cat
that labour muft be fupplied with Bows and Bolts, that
when the Squirrel retteth, prefently he may be thumpti
by the blow of an Arrow.: the Archer need not fear to
do her much harm, except he hit her on the head i for
by reafon of a Itrong back-bone, and fleOiy parts, (he will
abide as great a ftroak as a Dog.
If they be driven to the ground from the trees, and
they creep into Hedges, it is a fign of their wearinefs :
for fuch is the lofty mind of this little beaft, that whik
her Ikength lafteth (he faveth her felf in the tops ol
high trees ■■> but being wearied, (he defcendeth, and
falls into the mouths of the yelping curs that attend
her.
The admirable wit of the Squirrel appeareth (ifili
be true ) in her fwimming, or palTmg over a River
for when hunger conrtraineth her fo to do.^ Qie feeks oui
fome rind, or fmall bark of a tree, which (he fetteth upor
the water, and then goeth into it, and holding up hei
Tail like a Sail, letteth the wind drive her to the othei
fidei and carry meat in their mouths, to prevent fa-
mine whatfoever (hould befal them.
Of the Martern and Wild'C2.t,
AMartern is about the bignefs of a Cat, having i
longer body, but (horter legs, with head and tau
like a Fox \ its skin is commonly brown, white on th«
throat, and fomewhat yellowidi on the back.
Their teeth are exceeding white, and unequal, being
above meafure fharp \ the canine teeth both above and
bclo'.v hang out very long.
■ This and the wild-C^^ are a fort of Virmine which
we uie here in England commonly to Hunt , and as
nq-i
SDf tfje pattern ann toim^cat 121
neceflfary to be hunted as any Virmin can be : For the
queftion may be doubtful, whether either Fox or Bad-
ger do more hurt than the wWd-Cat doth, lince there
are fo many Warrens every where throughout the
Kingdom of England which are very much infefled by
the wild-C^f.
It is the opinion of long - experienced Huntfmen,
that (he leaveth as great fcent, and maketh as good a
cry for the time as any Vermin that is Hunted, efpc-
cially the Martern paffeth all other Vermin for fweet-
nefs of fcent, and her Cafe is a noble Fur. The wild-
cat's Cafe is not fo good, but it is very warm, and me-
dicinable for feveral Aches and Pains in the bones and
joynts : alfo her Greafe is very good for Sinews that
are fhrunk.
Thefe two Chafes are not to be fought purpcfely, un-
lefs the Huntfman do fee them where they prey, and can
go readily to them i but if a Hound chance to crofs them,
he will hunt it as foon as any Chafe, and they make a
noble cry as long as they ftand up > when they can do it
no longer, they will take a tree, and fo deceive the
Hounds i but if the Hounds hold in to them, and will
not give it over fo, then they will leap from one tree to
another, and make great (hift for their lives, with much
paftime to the Huntfmen.
When they are killed you muft hold them up upon a
piked rtaff, and hallow in all your Hounds, and then
reward them with fome meat v for the fleOi of thefe Ver-
min is naught for Hounds.
A
122 f)f mtWimtint;,
A fliort Account of fome particular
Bcafts that are not Hunted in Ertg-^
landy but in Forrain Countries.
The Nature and Properties of a Wolf,
and the manner of its Hunting.
HEretofore I read that there were many Wolves m
'England^ but now there are none \ however they
are ftill vn Ireland, but their number is very mueh de-
creafed within thefe thirty years i and that they may
more and more decreafe, being fo pernicious to all forts
of Cattle, I thought good to publifh the nature and man-
ner of their Hunting.
Firrt, as to their Nature i they go a Clicketing in
February^ and continue in that manner ten or twelve
'days. Where many Wolves are, many will follow one
Bitch, as Dogs will follow a Bitch that is fait, but (he will
be onely lined with one.
A notable ftory 1 have heard when I was in Inland,
and attefted for a truth by the Inhabitants : That a
Bitch- K^o// proud, will fufFer a great many of the Male
to follow her, and will carry them after her fometimes
eight or ten days without Meat, Drink, or Relt \ and
when they are fo tired that they cannot travel farther,
(he will firrt lie down, then will the rert follow her ex-
ample : when (he perceives that they are all aileep, and
through wearinefs fnore, then will (he arife and av;ake
that Wolfvi\\K\\ (he obferved to follow her moft, and
having fo done, entice him with her far from the reft,
and futfer him to line her : the rell awaking and find-
ing her miffing, purfue her by the fcent, and finding,
how
©f 2Ilalf Ijtmtuiff. 125
how fhe hath cunningly deluded them, they fall infianc-
ly on her Companion who hath been before-hand with
them, and revenge themfelves on him by depriving him
of his life i which verilies the proverb: Never Wolf j>e#
ever faro hU Sire.
Their Whelps are able to ingender at twelve months
end, at which age they part with their Dam, that is,
when thofe Teeth are grown which they caft the firft
half year, and being grown, they never (hed them a-
gain : and here fee their gratitude , ( though bloody
cruel creatures} after they have preyed for themfelves,
if they chance to meet their Dam or Sire ( for Jurher^
vile doth not believe the aforefaid ftory ) they will
fawn upou them and lick them, rejoycing at the fight
of them. >; V) /
The Dog will never bring any of his Prey to his
whelps till he hath filled his own belly i whereas the
Bitch will not eat a bit till (he hath ferved them rirft :
they go nine weeks with whelp, and fometimes a little
longer, and grow fait but once a year. As to number
of whelps , they have more or lefs as Dogs have •-, for
doubtlefs both the IFolf^nd the Fox are but a kind of
wild Maftiffs and wild Curs.
They prey upon all kind of things, and will feed
on Carrion, Vermin, &c. They will kill a Cow or a
Bullock ■■) and as for a Sheep, Goat, or good Porket,
they will roundly carry him oif in their Mouths, not
touching ground with it, and will run fo hi\ away,
notwithltanding the load, that they are hardly to be
flopped but by MalVilfs or Horfe-men. There is no
Bealt which runneth fafter than the JVolf^ and holdeth
wonderfully alfo. When he is hunted with Hounds,
he flieth not far before them » and unlefs he be courfed
with Grey-hounds or MaliilTs, he keepeth the Covert
like the Bear^ or Boar^ and efpecially the beaten ways
therein. Night is the ufual time of his preying ,
though
124 SDf 2:C[lolf=6untutff*
thougli hunger will force him to prey by day. They
are more fubtile and crafty ( if more can be) than the
Fox or any other beaft : When they are hunted, they
will take all their advantages i at other times they will
never run over-haftily, but keep themfelves in breath
and force always.
A TFolf will itand up a whole day before a good
Kennel of Hounds, unlefs that Grey-hounds or Wolf-
dog^ courfe him. If he ftand at bay, have a care of be-
ing bitten by him •, for being then mad, the wound is
defperate, and hard to be cured.
When a JFolf falls into a flock of Sheep, with his
good will he would kill them all before he feed upon
any of them, and therefore all means Qiould be ufed
to deftroy them, as by hunting at force, or with Grey-
hounds or MaOiffs, or caught in Gins and Snares i
but they had need be ftrong. For encouragement to
the meaner fort in Ireland^ whofoever took a fucking-
Whelp, or preying Cub, a Dog or a Bitch Wolf, and
brought but the heads of either to the next JulUce of
Peace, for reward for the firft, h^ received twenty
Ihillings i for the fecond , forty i for the third , five
pound i and for the laft, fix pounds : which late en-
couragement hath in a manner cleared that Kindom of
them.
They bark and howl like unto Dogs •■> and if there bci
but two of them together, they make fuch a terriblei
hideous noife, that you would think there could be not
lefs than twenty of them in a body.
When any one would hunt the T^olf, he mufi: train
him by thefe means : Fir(\ let him look out fome fair
place, a mile or more from the great woods, where >
there is fome dofe Itanding to place a brace of goodt
Grey - hounds . in , if need be, the which (hould bei
clofely environed, and fome pond of water by it:
there he mull: kill a Horfe that is worth Utile , andi
take!'
©f Cd^olf^juntutg* 125
take the four legs thereof and carry them into the
I Woods and Forefts adjoyningi then let four men take
every nnah a leg of the beaft and draw it at his Horfe-
tail all along the paths and ways in the Woods, until
they come back again to the place where the Carcafs
of the faid Beaft lieth s there let them lay down their
trains. Now when the TFolves go out in the night to
prey, they will follow the fcent of the train till they
come to the carcafs where it lieth. Then let thofe who
love the fport, with their Huntfmen come early and
'privately near the place i and if they are difcernable as
they are feeding, in the firft place let them confider
which way will be the faireft courfe for the Grey-
hounds, and place them accordingly, and as near as they
can let them forefial with their Grey-hounds the fame
way (hat the TFolves did or are flying either then or
the night before i but if the Wolves be in the coverts
; near the carrion that was laid for them to feed upon,
! then let there be hewers fet round the coverts to make
a noife on every fide, but orely that where the Grey-
hounds do ftand ■-, and let them (land thick together,
i making what noife they can to force them to the Grey-
, hounds : Then let the Huntfeman go with his Leara-
hound, and draw from the carrion to the thickets- fides
where the IFolves have gone in, and there the Huntl^
I man (hall caft off the third part of their beft Hounds \
for a Wolf will fometimes hold a covert a long time be-
fore he will come out.
The Huntfinen muft hold near in to the Hounds
blowing hard , and encouraging them with their
voice : for many Hounds will firain courtefie at this
chafe, although they are ftrorg and fit for all other
\ chafes.
' When the Wolf cometh to the Grey-hounds, they
who hold them will do well to fuffer the Wolf to pais
by the firft rank until he ccme lurther, and kt the lali
rank
126 ©f mut^^^ont^fumtm.
Rank let flip their Grey-hounds full in the face of the
TFolf, and at the fame inlknt let all the other Ranks
let flip alfo : fo that the hrft Rank flaying him but
ever fo little, he may be aflaulted on all fides at once,
and by that means they (hall the more cafily take
him.
It is beft entringof Hounds at young Wolves which
are not yet paft half a year or a year old i for a Hound
wfll hunt fuch more willing, and with lefs fear than
an old Wolfs or you may take Wolves alive in En-
gines, and breaking their Teeth, enter your Hounds at
them.
A man may know a Do^-Wolf from a Bitch by the
tracks of his Feet > for the Dog hath a greater Heel, a <
greaterToe, greater Nails, and a rounder Foot. Befides,
the Bitch cafleth her Fiaunts commonly in the midft of -
an High- way, whereas the Dog cafteth them cither on
the one fide or the other of the Path.
The Reward of the Dogs is thus : when they have
bit and fliaked the dead Wolf, let the Huntfman then
open his Belly ftraight along, and taking out his bow-
els, let him throw in Bread, Cheefe, and other Scraps,
and fo let the Dogs feed therein.
Wild'Go2ii'HHnting.
I Never could read or hear that there was ever any
fuch Chafe in England as the Hunting of the wild-
Goat: But fince there may be fuch fport in Wales, as
there hath been elfewherc, it will not be much amifs to
give fome Ihort account thereof.
The Wild-Go^^ is as big as a Hirt, but not fo long,
or fo long Leg'd, but is as fle(hy. They have Wreaths
and
€)f 2Btfl»^<S5oat Ijmitmo:* 127
and wrinkles on their horns, which declare what their
age is : for according to the quantity of the wreaths,
fuch is the number of their years i which wreaths he
meweth, but not his beam, the which may be, if he be
an old Goaty as big as a mans leg.
They have a great long beard, and are of a brownifh
gray colour very Ihaggy, having a long black lift down
the ridge of the back, and the track is bigger than the
flot of a Hart.
'• They fawn as a Hinde or Doe in May,, and have but
one fawn, which they fiackle and bring up as the tame
Go^* doth her kid.
They feed like Peer, onely they will eat befides ivy,
itiofs, and fuch-like. In fpring they make their fumets
round, and afterwards broad and flat, as the Hart when
he comes to feed well.
They go to rut about AlhaUontide , and continue
therein a month or five weeks i that feafon being over,
i they defcend from the mountains and rocks , their
abode for the fummer-feafon , and herd themfelves ,
not onely to avoid the fnow, but becaufe they can find
no food any longer •, and yet they come not very low,
but keep at the foot of the mountains, feeding there
till Eal\er : then they return again, every one chufing
fome ftrong hold in the rocks, as the Harts in .the thic-
kets.
About fawning-time the females feparate from the
males, attending till rutting-time : in this interval they
will run at man or beaft, and fight as Harts doe one a-
mongft the other.
When he goeth to rut, his throat and neck is much
bigger than ufual : he is very ftrong backt i and (which
; is wonderful ) though he (hould fall from on high ten
^ poles length, he will receive no harm > and will walk as
fecurely on the ftiarp tops of rocks, as a horfe in the
high- way.
las £)f KliIti-15oat'6imtinff.
AlhaHoHtide is the chiefeft feafon for hunting thele
wild Goats^ obferving very well before you hunt, the-
advantages of the coalts, the rocks and places where the
Coats do lie.
Having thus done, fet nets and toils toward the ri-
vers and bottoms , for you cannot expeft your hounds
Ihould follow a Goat down every place ot the moun-
tain?.
Alfo it will be needful that fome ftand on the top of
the rocks, and throw down itones as they fee occailon.
Where the Goat goeth down to the fnnall brooks or wa-
ters in the bottom, there place your relays, and let the
relays never tarry till the hounds come in which were
call off: and this is your belt help i for a man can nei-
ther toilovv on foot nor horfe-back.
Hunting of the Wild-^QZX,
THe '^Oitr is ever pigg'd with as many teeth at firft as
he (hall have ever after, which u'ill onely increafe
in bignefs, not number. Amongrt the reft, they have
four which are called tu^zs^ or tusks ^ whereof the two
biggeft do not hurt when he ftrikes, but ferve onely to
tvhet the other two lowell, with wliich they frequently
kill.
They feed upon all kind of corn and fruits which they
' can come at \ alfo roots. In Apil and hlay they feed
on the buds of plumb-trees, and chef- nut- trees, and all
other fweet buds they can Hnd, cfpecially on the buds of
broom and juniper, and are never meailcd, as our tame
fwinc. Being near the fea-coalt, they will feed on all
manncrof (hell hih.
Their feafon bcginneth in the midiiof September ,
and.
and endeth about the beginning of December^ at which
time they go a brimming. A Boar will connmonly abide
the bay before he goes out of his den s and he lies raoU
commonly in the ftrongcil holds of thorns and thick
bufhes.
If it fo chance that there is a founder of them toge-
ther, then if any break founder, the xe(t will run that
way : and if you hunt a Boar from a thick and itrong
covert, he will not fail to go back by the fame way he
came thither : and when he is rear'd he never ftays, but
flies continually till he comes to the place where he was
farrow'd and brought up. This Mr. Turbervile obfer-
ved himfelf when he was in Frances attefting hefaw a
Boar hunted from a thicket, which returned the fame
way he came to the place of his farrowing, which was
dillant feven French leagues. And this was performed
by the track of his feet.
If he be hunted in a foreft or hold where he was
bred, he will hardly be forced out of it. Sometimes he
will take head, and feem to go out, and will draw to
the outfides of the wood i but it is onely to hearken on
every iide : and if he hear the noife of the hounds,
then will he return , and will not be compell'd to
go that way till night. But having broken out of a
forel^ arid taken head end-ways, he will not be put out
of his way either by man, dog, voice, blowing, or any
thing.
A Boar, efpecially a great one, will not cry when
you kill him : The fows and young fwine will fome-
times.
Terms to be ufed in Boit-Hmting,
If it (hould be demanded what you will call a Boar
of three years old » you may anfwer , He is a young
Boar which hath lately left the founder. An old Boar
K 2 yoti
130 SDf aHilU-'BoaM&imtinri:.
you muft call a Singular^ ox Sanglkr^ that hath left the
founder four or five years fince. In making of a report, ifl
you are asked where the Boar fed the night before, youi
may fay, he fed in the corn •, but if in the fields or mea-
dows, you mutt then fay, he hath been routing and rvor-
ming in fuch a place, or fuch a fern-field. Where note,
that whatfoevcrhe feeds on, excepting roots, is called
feedings the other is called routings n> or ming^oi /earning:
but when he feedeth and routeth not, you muft then call
thzt grafjng.
EoU' Hunting with Hounds at Force,
^z advifed not to hunt a young Boar of three years
old at force \ for he will Itand up as long, if not longer
than any light young Veer which beareth but three in the
top : but in the fourth year you may hunt him at force,
as you do a Hart at ten.
In the rearing of your Boar^ you need not be afraid to
come near him, for he values you not, and will lie ftill,
and will not be rear'd by you alone.
Here note , that if a Boar intends to abide in his
den, couch, or fort, then will he make fome croffing
or doubling at the entry thereof upon fome high-way
or beaten path v by fuch means a huntfman, bein^
early in the woods, may judge of the fubtilty of the
Boar^ and accordingly may make preparations for his
game.
If he be a great Boar , and one that hath lain long
to rcli:, let him hunt him with good fiore of hounds.,
and fuch as will liick clofe to him i and let him on
horfc-back "be ever amongft them, charging the Boar^
to difcouragc him : for if you hunt fuch a Boar with
half a dozen couple of dogs, he will not value them \
and they having chafed him, he will take courage and
keep them lUll at bays, running upon any thing he
feeth
fccth before him. But if he be charged home, and hard
laid unto with the hounds, he will turn head and
fly.
If you ftrike at him with your fword or Bo^r-fpear,
ftrikenot low, for then you will hit him on the fnout,
which he little values i for he watcheth to take blows
upon his tusks or thereabouts : but lifting up your
hand, ftrike right down, and have a fpecial care of your
horfe j for if you ftrike and hurt him, fo will he you if
he can.
It behoveth the hunters of Boars to be very wary »
for he will run fiercely without fear upon his purfuers :
in which encounter, if he receive not his deaths wound,
he overthroweth his adverfary, except he fall flat on the
ground, jnd then he need not fear much harm ; for his
teeth cannot cut upward but downward : but it is o-
therwife with a female i for ftie will bite and tear any
way.
It is good to raife this beaft early in the morning be-
fore he hath made water, for the burning of his bladder
doth quickly make him weary.
When the Boar is firft raifed out of the wood, he
fnuffeth in the wind, lifting up his nofe to fmell what
is with him, and what againft him •, and rarely ftrikes a
man till he be firft wounded himfelf.
The hunting-fpear mufi: be very fharp and broad,
branching forth into certain forks , fo that the Boar
may not break through them upon the huntfman :
The bell: places to wound him in therewith , are the
middle of his forehead betwixt his eye-lids, or eife
upon the . flioulder i either of thefe wounds is mor-
tal.
If the Boar make head againft the- hunter, he mu(t
not fly for it, but muft meet him with his fpear, hol-
ding one hand on the middle of it, and the other at
the end, ftanding one foot before another, having
K 3 a,n|
132 ©f colim-'BoaMjimtmir.
an efpecial eye to the head of the beaft which way foe-,
ver he windeth or turneth the fame : for fuch is the na-
ture of the Boar, that fometimes he fnatcheth the fpear
out of their hands, or elfe recoileth the force back again
upon the hunter, by both which means he is in great
danger of life : whenfoever this hapneth there is but
one remedy, which is i another of his companions muft
come and charge the Boar with his fpear, and then pre-
tend to wound him with his dart, but not carting it
for fear of hurting the hunter. The Boar feeing this,
forfaketh rhe hrii man, and ruQieth upon the fecond,
who muft loolc to defend himfelf with all dexterity,
compoling his body, and ordering his weapons accor-
ding to artihcial By^r-hunting: in the mean time he
that vvis overthrown muft rile again, taking frefti hold
on his fpear, and with all courage afTault his adverfary,
and ailift his friend who was the caufe of the faving of
his life.
' When he feeleth himfelf fo wounded that he cannot
live, were it not for the forks of the B^^r- fpear, he
would prefs it on his varqaiftier, and fo revenge his
death ; For fuch is the fury of this beaft, that he will
endeavour to wound and kill, although he teel upon
him the pangs of death , and what place foever he bi-
teth, whether man or drg, the heat of his teeth caufeth
the wound to be intlam'd : and for this caufe, if he but
touch the hair of ad(^g, he burnethir off: nay, huntf-
men have tried the heat of his teeth, by laying hairs on
them as foon as he was dead, and they have flirivel'd up
as with a hot-iron.
To conclude i the fame devifcs, diligence, labour,
profecution, and obfcrvations are to be ufed in the /
hunting of che B'oar^ which are prefcribed for the hun-
ting of the Hart. Not but that there are feveral poli-
cies and ftrafagcms which have been invented , and
are 'ftill ufed in feveral countries ,' whereby to take
them
jDf 'Benr-rjtmtfitD:* 133
them without the purfuit of dogs > to the knowledge
whereof I (hall refer the reader to Blondus, Oppiams^
Gefner, lurhervile^ and many others both antient and
modern writers, who have largely treated on this fub-
jedt.
Of the Nature and Properties of a Bear,
and after what manner Hunted.
THere are two forts oiBears^ a greater and lefleri
the laft is more apt to climb trees than the o-
ther.
Bears are bred in many countries ', in the Helvetian
Alpine region they are fo thong and courageous, that
they can tear in pieces both oxen and horfes s for which
caufe the inhabitants arc Ikdioufly laborious in the ta-
king them.
A Bear is of a mod: venereous and luftful difpofition y
for night and day the females with moft ardent in-
flam'd deGres do "provoke the males to copulation \ and
for this caufe at that time they are molt Hcrce and
angry. The time of their copulation is in the begin-
ning of winter, and the manner of it is like to a man's v
the male moving himfclf upon the belly of the female,
which lieth flat on her back, and they embrace each o-
ther with their fore-feet : they remain a, very long time
in that adl s in fo mucii (asfome have obfervcd, how
true I cannot fay) that if they were very fat at their hrll
entrance, they dif-joyn not themfelves again till they be
lean.
There is a ftrange report in hiftory, ( if it be true )
That in the mountains oi Savoy a Bear carried a young
mild into his den by violence, wherein a venerea^
K 4 maiv-
134- ©f OBcaMjutttinnf*
manner he had the carnal ufe of her body > and while
he kept her in his den, he daily went forth and brought
her the beft fruits he could get , prefenting them to
her as food, as courtly as he could do it i but al-
ways when he went to forrage, he rowlcd a very
great ftone to the mouth of his den , that the virgin
fhould not make her efcape from him : at length her
parents, with long fearch, found their daughter in the
Beards den, who delivered her from that beaftial captivi-
They are naturally very cruel and mifchievous unto
all tame bealls, and are very ftrong in all parts of their
body but their head , whereon a fmall blow will kill
them.
They go to mate in the beginning of the winter,
fome fooner, fome later, according to their reft and
feeding i and their heat lafteth not paffing fifteen
days.
When the (he-Bear perceiveth her felf with whelp, (he
withdraws her fclf into fome cave, or hallow rock, and
there remains till fhe brings forth her whelps, where
without meat they grow very fat, efpecially the males,
onely by fucking their fore-feet. When they enter in-
to their den, they convey themfelves backward, that fo
they may put out their foot-fteps from the light of the
hunters.
The nature of all of them is to avoid cold , and
therefore in the winter- time they hide themfelves,
chuiing rather to fufFer famine than cold •■> lying for
the moll: part three or four months together and ne-
ver fee the light, whereby in a manner their guts are
clung together : coming forth, they are fo dazled by
long darknefs, being in the light again, that they ftag-
ger and reel to and fro i and then by a fecret inftindt
they remedy the itraightnefs of their guts by eating an
herb called Arum, in En^lilh IFuhf-robbin or Cahes-
foot, ,
SDf 'Bctit^juntiitfi:* 135
fodt^ by the acidity whereof their guts are enlarged •, and
being recovered, they remain more fierce and cruel than
at other times,during the time their young are with them:
and this is the herb, Tome fay, which they eat to make
them flecp fo long in winter without fenfe of cold or
hunger.
They are whelped moft commonly in March, forae-
times two, and not above five in number j the moft part
ot them are dead one whole day after they are whelped ;
but the Bear doth fo lick them and warm them with her
breath, and hug them in her bofom, that (he quickly re-
vives them again.
It is commonly received as a trutli, (though it be
a palpable vulgar errour ) That the whelps of tiears at
their firji littering are without aliform and fa(hion^ arid no~
thing but a little congealed blood lih^ a lump of flejh ,
vphich afterwards the aid one frametk with her tongue
by licking them to her own likenej?. This opinion may
be eafily difproved i for they are onely littered blind
without hair, and the hinder- legs not perfed, the fore-
feet folded up like a fift, and other members deform-
ed , by reafon of the immoderate humour or moift-
nefs in them •, which alfo is one caufe why (he cannot
retain in her womb the feed to- the perfection of the
young ones, vihtitoi Joachimus Kheticus is an eye-wit-
nefs,
'' As foon as the dam perceiveth her cubs to grow
ftrong, (he fuckleth them no longer, by reafon ot their
cur(^nefs i for they will forely bite her if they cannot
get fuck enough. After this (he preyeth abroad upon
any thing (he can meet with, which (he eates, and calts
up again to her young ones, and fo feeds them till they
can prey for themfelves : They will climb a tree for the
fruit.
If they be hunted, they will follow a man, but not
sun upon him unlefs they are wounded. They are
i3<? SDf 'Benr-fitmtfitg:.
very ftrong in their paws, in fuch forf, that they will
fo hug a man or dog till they have broke his back, or
fqueez'd his guts out of his belly : with a fingle paw
they will pull a lufty dog to their tearing and devouring
mouth. They bite very feverely, for they will bite a
man's head to the very brains \ and for an arm or jeg,
they will craQi it as a dog may do a flender bone of mut-
ton.
When they are hunted, they are fo heavy that they
make no fpeed, and fo are always in fight of the dogs :
Theyftand not at bay as a Boar, but fly wallowing^
but if the hounds ftick in, they will fight valiantly in
their own defence*, fometimes they ftand up rtraight
on their hinder-feet, and then take that as a fign of tear
and cowardize » they fight llouteft and ftrongeft on all
tour.
They have an excellent fcent, and fmell further off
than any other beaft except the Boar i for in a whole
forert they will fmell out a tree laden with mall.
They may be hunted with hounds, martiffs, or grey-
hounds •, and they are chafed and kill'd with hows^Boar-
fpearSjdartSjand fwords i fo are they alfo taken in fnares,
caves, and pits, with other engines.
They do naturally abide in great mountains ; but
when it fnoweth, or in hard weather, then they defcend
into valleys and foreiis for provilion. They call their
kffes fometimes in round croteys, and fometimes flat;
like a bullock, according to their feeding.
They go fometimes a gallop, and at other times an
amble •, but they go molt ac cafe when they wal-
low.
When they come from their feeding they beat com-
monly the high-ways and beaten paths : and wherefo-
ever they go out of the high-ways, there you may be
fure they are gone to their dens i for they ufe no doub-
lings nor fubtilties.
They
I !3Df tfie 'Bealjetr. 137
' They tumble and wallow in water and mire as
fwine, and they feed like a dog. Some fay their fle(h
is very good food, let who will eat it for me, who are
not fo nicely palated as my felf.
The befl: finding of a Bear is with a leam-hound ;
and yet he who is without one may trail after a Bear as
we do after a Buck, or Roe, and you may lodge and hunt
them as you do a Buck- For the more fpeedy executi-
on, mingle maftiffs among your hounds •, for they will
pinch the Bear^ and fo provoke her to anger, until at laft
they bring her to the bay i or elfe drive her out of the
plaiti into the covert, not letting her be at reft till (lie
tight in her own defence.
Of the Beaver.
A Beaver differeth but a little from an Otter but in
his tail : his colour is fomewhat yellow and
white afperfcd with afh-colour, which (tand out be-
yond the Iliorter hairs, double their length i and are
neat and foft like an Otters.
There is plenty of them in the liver ?o«////, vrhence
fhe Biaverh"^ fome is called CanU Ponticus : They are
alfo bred in Spain.^ fome few in France^Germany^ Tolonia^
Sclavonia^ Rifjjja, PruQia^ Lithuania i and abundance of
rhem in New-England,
Thefe beafis are amphibious, living both on laiid and
water both frefh andjalt, keeping the laft in the day-
time, and the tirft in the night : Without water they
:annot live s for they participate much of the nature
Df hill , which may be gathered from their tails and
linder-legs.
They are about the bignefs of a country cur ;
their
their head fliort i their ears fmall and round i their
teeth very long, the under-teeth landing out beyond
their hps three fingers breadth , and the upper about
half a finger, being very broad, crooked, firong, and
fliarp, ftanding very deep in their mouth, wherewith
they defend themfelves againft beaHs, take fifhes as it
were upon hooks, and will gnaw in funder trees as big
as a man's thigh. °
Their fore-feet are like dogs, an-d their hinder like
geefe, made as it were on purpofe to go on the land
and fwim in the water i but the tail of this beaft is
mod: firange of all, being without hair, and covered o-
ver with a skin like the fcales of a fiOi, it being like a
Seal, and for the moft part fix fingers broad, and half a
foot long. They are accounted a very delicate diOi and
eat like Barbels: the manner of their dreffing is by
roafting them firft, and boiling or ftewing them after-
wards i they muft be food that is very fweet, fince this
proverb proceeded from them : Smet is thatfijh which is
mfi/hatall.
As for the wonderful manner of their building I (hall
let that alone, fince it is at large defcribed byGeGierm
his Hifiory of Beafis, page 3 <5.
There is nothing {o valuable in this beaft as his
fiones i for they are in great efteem, and a precious com-
modity.
It hath been the opinion of fome, that when a Bea-
ver IS hunted, and is in danger to betaken, he biteth off
his own ftones, knowing that for them onely is he thus
purfued : but this is found to be a mecr fidion i for
their itones being finall, and placed like a Boar\ it is im-
pollible tor them to come at them.
They are taken for their skins, tails, and cods, and
that many ways. Firfl, when their caves are found :
Cm which are feveral chambers biiik one over ano-
ther by the water- fide, to afcend or defcend according
as
as the water rifeth or falleth) I fay, their abode being
found, they make a breach therein, wherein is put a lit-
tle dog, which the Beaver perceiving, flies inftantly to
the end of her cave, and there defendeth her felf with
her teeth, till all her building be raifed, and fhe laid open
to her enennies, who kill her with inftrunnents for that
purpofe. Thefe dogs for the Beaver are the fame which
hunt Otters.
They cannot dive long time under water, but muft
put up their heads for breaths which being feen by
thofe who are hunting them, they kill them with gun-
(hot or 0«er-fpears : His nature is, if he hear any noife,
to put up his head above water, whereby he is difco-
vered, and fo lofeth life. Thofe skins are beft which
are blackeft.
Of the Elk.
His beaft is twice as big as a Hart^ whofe upper-
lip is fo great, and hangeih over the nether fo
far, that he cannot eat going forward > but as he eat-
eth he goeth backward, and fo gathereth up his fufte-
nance.
His mane is divers both on the top of his neck, and
underneath his throat , which buncheth like a beard,
or curled lock of hair •, his neck is very ftiort, difpro-
portionable to his body.
He hath two very large horns bending towards
the back in a plain edge, and the fpircs ftand forward
to. the face : both males and females have them j they
are folid at the root and round, but afterwards bran-
ched i they are broader than a Hart\ and are very
heavy, being not above two foot long > and thefe
horns
I40 f)ft(jcClk*
horns they tnew every year : He is colour'd for the moft
part like a Hearty and hath eleven feet , but without
)oynts (like an Elephant) in his fore-legs, and therefore
llcepeth leaning to polb or trees i and hghteth not with
his horns, buctore-teet.
It is a moll timorous creature, not defiring to ftir
much, unlefs provok'd thereunto by hunting. There
is no danger in hunting this bealt, except a man come
right betore him : for if this bealt faften his fore-feet
on him, he cannot clcape alive h but if it receive any
fmall wound, it inlUntlydies.
They are taken by nets and toils, or as Elephants
are taken : for when they have found the trees where-
unto they lean, they fo cut and faw them, that when
the E//;^ Cometh, he ovtrthroweth the tree and falleth '
with it i and being not able to rife, is fo taken alive.
When they are chafed eagerly, and can find no place
to reft themfelves in and lie fecret, they run to the wa-
ters, and therein Hand, taking up waters into their
mouths i and in a little time do fo heat it, that fquir-
ting it out upon the dogs, the heat thereof fo fcaldeth
them, that they dare not come nigh or approach them
any more.
Many more exotick beafts I might here infert, de-
fcribing their natures, and the manner of their Forrain
huntings but, fince they are not to be found in Eng-
la/idj let thefe fufhce which I have already defcribed.
Dogs
Dogs Difcafcs Remedied , and their
j Hurts Healed, according to the beft
Prefcriptions of Ancient and Modern
Huntfmen.
Cf a Five-fold Madnefi in a Dog : the Symp-
toms of the Maladies i and their CV RE.
THe ancients have derived Kabies^ Madnels, from
Kavies, hoarfenefs of voice, for mad dogs have no
perfed voice : bat it is more probable, that Kabies Com-
eth a Capiendo; becaufc when a dog beginneth to go
mad, he biteth, runneth, fnatcheth, and roves to and
fro, to his own perdition. A mad dog is moft dange-
rous in the Dog-days i for at that time the very foam
or fpittle falling on a man breeds danger.
There are properly fevcn forts of Madnefles which
afflidt a dog, whereof two of them are incurable, and
therefore I (hall fpeak little of them •, onely fo much
as may give you warning to (hift them from your other
dogs, becaufe their difeafe is infectious > and that you
may beware of them your felf, left they injure you j for
their biting is dangerous.
The hrlt of thefe incurable MadnefTes is called the
Hot burning Madnejl , and is known by thefe fymp-
toms. Firft, when they run, they raife their tails bolt-
upright, and run upon any thing that ftands before
them, having no refped where nor which way they
run : alfo their mouths will be very black, having no
{ozm in nor about them. They will not continue
thus above three or four days, after which time they
die, their pain being fo intolerable. Where note, that
all
142 OifeafeiS ann Ctite^ of Do^js.
all thofe dogs they have bitten and drew blood from,
will be mad in like nnanner.
The fccond is called the running Madmji^ and is lefii
dangerous, however incurable. The dogs that are
troubled with this madnefs run not on men, but dogSj
and on no other beafts. The fyrnptoms are, they will
fmell on other dogs, and having fmelt them, will (hakd
and bite them, yet Ihaking their tails, and feeming to
offer no harm : with other tokens I omit for brevity
fake.
Of the Dumb Madnejl,
Tiie five Madneffes (or rather Sickneffes) which are
curable, are thefe :
The firft is called the Dumb madnefs , and is thus
known: the dog that is troubled therewith will not
feed, but holds his mouth wide open continually, put-
ting his feet to his mouth frequently, as if he had a bone
in his throat.
The cure is thus : Take four ounces of the juice of
Spathnla putrida^ and put it into a pot , then take the
like quantity of the juice of black Hellebore, and as
much of the juice of Rue : having ftrained them all well
through a fine cloath, put them into a glafs : then take
two drams of Scammony unprepared, and having min-
gled it with the former juices, put it into a horn or fun-
nel, and convey it down his throat, keeping his head
up ftraight, left he caft it up again ; then bleed him in
the mouth, cutting three or four veins in his gums that
he may bleed the better j and in a {hort time you will
find amendn:ient. Or you may onely take eight drams
of the juice of an herb called Harts-horn, or Dogs-tooth,
and you will find it a moft excellent receipt againft any
madnefs whatfoever.
Of
Difeafeis anu €uttn of £)(Jffsf. 143
Of the Falling Madnef,
The fecond is called the Falling Madnefs : the difeafe
lieth in their heads, which maketh them reel as they go,
and fall.
The cure is thus : Take four. ounces of the juice of
Piony, with the like quantity of the juice of Briony, the
like of the juice of Cruciata^ and four drams of Stavef-
acre pulverized : mingle thefe together, and give it your
hound or dog as aforefaid : then let him blood in the
ears or the two veins which come down the fhoulders »
and if he is not cured at tirft, give it him a fecond ot
third time.
Of the Lank Madnefl,
The third kind of madnefs is called the L^«^ Mad-
nefs, by reafon of the leannefs of their bodies occalioned
by shimmering.
The cure is thus : Firft, purge your dog with this;
portion ; Take an ounce and a half of Cajfia fijlulam
.veil cleanfed, two drams and a half of Stavefacre pul-
/erized, and the like quantity of Scammony prepared
in WhitQ- wine- vinegar, and four ounces of Oyl-olive >
jeraper thefe and warm them over the Fire, and give
jt your dog. In the m©rning put him into this bath
afting as followeth : Put into fix pails full of water
en handfuls of Mug wort, of Rofemary, of red-Sage,
)f the roots or leaves of Marfli - mallows , of the
cots or leaves of Wall-wort, of the roots or ftalks
if Fennel, of the leaves or ftalks of Elecampane,
laulm and Rue, Sorrel, Buglofs and Mellilot > let
hefe boil together in two thirds of Water and the o-
ber Wine, until one third be confumed : the bath be-
ig no hotter than your dog can endure it, bathe hin^
L there-
144 DiTeafe0 aitn €mt^ of Dog«2?.
therein for the fpace of an hour •■, then taking him ouf,
put him in fome warm place for fear of catching cold.
Do this four or rive times in the fame bath, and it will
cure.
Of the Sleeping Madneji,
The fourth Madnefs is called the Sleeping Madnefs,
and is caufed by fome little Worms breeding in the
mouth of the Stomack from corrupt Humours, the
vapours and fumes whereof afcending into the head,
make the dog fleep continually, and frequently he dieth
'keeping. _. ;-^..,;,^
for the cure, fou mufr take five ounces of the juice
of VVormv\ocd, with two ounces of the powder oi
Harts- horn burned, and two drains of Agarick : mingle
the(c together i and if they be too thick, thin them with
VVhke-winc, and give it your dog to drink.
Of the Rheumatick or Slavering Madne^,
This Madnefs is called fo, becaufe, when a dog hath
got it, his head fwelleth, his eyes are as yellow as a
KiteVfoot, and he commonly llavcreth at the mouth.
The Cure is thus : Take fix ounces of the juice o{
Fennel-roots, and the like quantity of the juice of Mif-
feltoe, four ounces of the juice of Ivy, four ounces ol
the powder of tiie roots of Polypodie > boil thefe in
White-wine, and give it your dog to drink as hot as he
can fuffer it.
Here note, that when a dog hath any of thefe kinds
of MadnelTes he will have no deiire to eat, fafting frc- i
quently eight or nine days, and fo (tarving to death.
Nay, if they are troubled with any dilkmper they will
refufe their meat, nay, the daintielf bit you can give
chem, until they have eaten grafs, and have cleared
their
their ftoma^k of what did offend it, and then they will
eato
^ Concerning the Madnefi <?/ Dogs, and their
Venomous Bitings,
I think no reafonable man ought to quefUon why the
teeth of a mad dog fhould do more harm than thofe of
a lound one i becaufe in rage and anger the teeth of
every beaft and creature receive venorae and poifon
from the head, whereby when they bite at that time
they do much more harm.
Againft the iimple biting of a dog, take the urine of
a dog, which is fufficient, fince there is but little ve-
nome in thofe wounds. To lay the hair of the fame
dog thereon, fthough fo much talkt on) I look upon
as a meer foppery. Or being bit by a dog, take vine*
gar, and with your hand rub the wound very well',
then pour into it vinegar mixed with water or Nitre i
then wet a fpunge in the fame liquids, and fo let it re-
main bound up three days i then take Pellitory of the
wall, mingled and beaten with Salt, or any other plai-
fter for green wounds.
Divers are the cures and remedies for biting of mad
dogs j which I omit in this place, as belonging not to
my fubjed, but to Phyfick.
A Remedy againfi the common Mange.
This diftemper befalls a dog frequently for watit of
frelh water to drink when he dcfires it, and fometimes
by foul kennelling, and fometimes by foundering and
melting his greace.
You may cure it in this manner : Take two hand-
fuls of wild Creffes, two handfuls of Elecampane ,
and as much of the leaves and roots of Roerb and
L 2 Soj-_
1^6 DifcafejsanuCute^of 8)pattid0>
Sorrel, and two pound of the roots of Frodels s make
them all boil well in lye and vinegar : having drai-
ned the decodion, put therein two pound of gray
foap •■) and when it is melted therein, then rub your
dogs with it four or tive days together , and it will
cure them.
A hrief Difcourfe of the Cure of Maladies
helonging to Spaniels, with other
accidents happening.
HOw necefTary a thing a Spaniel is to Faulconry, and
for thufe that delight in that noble recreation,
keeping Hawks for their paftime and pleafure, I think
no body need quettion, as well to fpring and retrive a
fowl being flown to (he mark, as alfo divers other ways
to help and alTili Faulcons and Golhawks.
Now fince they are fubjedl to many difeafes and cafu-
alties, I fhall endeavour to propound a fuitablc cure for
them •, and hril, I (hall begin with the Mange, as the
capital enemy to the quiet and beauty of a brave Spaniel^
wherewith poor creatures they are often grievoufly tor-
mented, and as frcquendy infedt others.
For the cure of this diiiemper, take a pound of Bar-
Tcw-flick, common Oil three ounces, Brimftone well pul-
verized four ounces, Salt well beaten to powder, Aflies
well lifted and fearced, of each two ounces i boil all
thefe in a kettle or earthen-pot, and when they are all
well incorporated together, anoint your Spaniel with
this thrice every other day, either againft the Sun or
Fire : having fo done, walh him all over with good
llrong Lye, and this will kill the Mange. Remember
you Ihift his kennel and litter often.
If
DfCrnfesf anti CitteiS of %mniel^. h?
If the Spaniel lofe its Hair, as it often happens, then
bathe your Spaniel in the water of Lupines or Hops,
and anoint him withftale Barrows- flick.
This ointment, befides the cure, maketh his skin look
flick and beautiful, and kills the fleas, the dogs difquie-
ters, and enemies to his eafe.
If this be not ftrong enough to deftroy this malady,
then take two quarts of ftrong vinegar, common oil fix
ounces, brimftone three ounces, foot fix ounces, brayd
fait and fearced two handfuls : boil all thefe together in
the vineger, and anoint your dog as aforefaid. This
receipt muft not be adminiftred in cold weather, for it
may hazard his life in fo doing.
If a Spaniel be not much troubled with the Mange,
then it is eafie to cure him thus :
Make bread with wheaten-bran, with the roots,
leaves, and fruit of Agrimony, beating them well in a
mortar, and, making it into a pa(k or dough, bake it
in an oven, and fo made, give thereof to your Spjimel\
giving him no other bread for fome time, letting him
eat as long as he will.
Cure of the Formica.
In the fummcr-time there is a fcurvy malady which
very much afflidts a Spaniefs ears, and is accafioncd by
flies and their own fcratching with their feet : We term
it a Mange-, the Italians^ Formica, and the French^ Four'
mier.
For the cure, take Gum-dragaganth four ounces in-
fufed in the ftrongeft Vinegar may be gotten, for the
fpace of eight days, and afterwards bruifed on a mar-
ble-ftone, as painters do their colours, adding unto it
Roch-allum and Galls beaten to powder, of either two,
ounces i mingle all thefe well together, and lay it on
the place affiidtedo
L 3 fe
14^ Difeafe^ ann Cutc^ of €)paitiels?*
For Swelling in the Throat.
By reafon of a humour diftilling from the brain, the
throat of a 5'/7^/«e/ will otten fwell unrcafonably. For
cure whereof, anoint the grieved place with oil of Ca-
momile 5 then wafh it with vinegar not over-ftrong mix-
ed with fait. Frobatttm ejh
Of Worms breeding in the Hurts and Mangy
parts of a Spaniel.
Thefe worms do hinder the cure of the mange or
wounds, caullng them to continue at one ftay, or to
grow worfe and worfe. To remove this hindrance,
take the gum of Ivy and convey it into the wound, and
let it there remain a day or two, wafhing the wound
with Wine ; and after that. anoint it with Bacon-greafe,
oil of Earth-worms, and Fvuc.
The powder of wild Cucumbers is excellent good to
kill thefe worms, and will prove a good corrofive, alfo
eating away the dead flc(h, and incrcafing the good.
If the worms be within the body, you mull deftroy
them in this manner : Caufe your Spaniel^ by fair
means or foul, when fafting., to eat the yolk of an egg
with two fcruples of Saffron pulverized and confedted
with the fame egg, keeping him after it falling till
night.
When a Spaniel is hurt, as long as he can cc me to lick
the wound with his tongue he needs no other remedy >
his tongue is his bell Chirurgcon : but when he cannot
do that, then futh wounds as are not venomous you may
cure with the powder of Matrefdva dried in an oven,
or in the Sun. If it be a bite of a Fox^ anoint it with oil
wherein Eaith- worms and Rue have been boiled toge-
ther. If by a mad dog, let him lap twice or thrice of the
broth
Difeafeisf anti €iittn of ^pniu'elsf^ h9
broth of Germander, and cat the Germander too boil-
ed.
Others bore the skin of his neck through with a hot-
Iron juft betwixt his ears, fo as the fire may touch both
(ides of the hole made: after that, plucking up the skin
of the dog's fhoulders and flanks backwards, thruft it
through with a hot-Iron in like manner : by giving the
venom this vent, it is a ready way to cure him.
"To help a Spaniel that hath lo^ hk fenfe
of Smelling.
Spaniels^ fometimes, by reafon of (oo much reft and
greafe, or fome other accident, do lofe their fenfe of
fmelling, fo as they cannot fpring or retrive a fowl
after their ufual manner : To recover it again, take
Agarick two drams , Sal Gemma one fcruple i beat
thefe into powder, and incorporate them with Oxy-
melj making a pill as big as a nut, cover it with but-
ter, and give it the dog by fair means or foul. This will
bring him into a quick fcent, as I have oftentimes pro-
ved it.
The benefit of cntting off the tip of
a Spaniel'x Tail or Stern,
It is neceflary for fevcral reafons to cut off the rip
pf a Spaniels ftern when it is a whelp. Firft, by Co
doing worms are prevented from breeding there i in
the next place, if it be not cut, he will be the lefs for-
ward in preiTing haftily into the covert after his game s.
t)efides this benefit , the dog appears more beauti-
ful.
L 4.
150
An Abftraft of fuch Penal
LAWS
As relate to
Hunters and Hunting.
STat. i3R.2.cap.i3. jeomaitMjofjatfinot
mnO0 fit 40s. perann. UQ} (Hcth lufjo ftatft
..,. /^'^ ' ',°'' ^^^^^^^«^ P^^ 2"- fljaf I (jane 0^ feecp
anp (©rep ijouim, rpouitH^Dnir, ftmt.mtu
01 enmt to tJeffrop Deer, ii)are0, Coneps,
01 anp otijer c^entfemansi vjpame, m painuf
one Mjole pear -s imp^lfoment, UJ!jicJ)2uaice0
i3flE)eace6aDepciUiert0mm(t.
jr£e{!0, iparfe^, dl C^larrcns in tfie niffDt-
tf nie, m mrmntmj one of tfje mm^ Coan=
ni, rsiajumceofpeacetJO Mjommfo^nia-
tion tmll !ie matJr, (l)af( t.p (jt0 coarrant
mireti)eC>aen£erta ijeti^ouijUttieto^e ftim-
mu onoiiie otfjer Coancedo? 0^ 3lumceof
ifiiPr^f?'^"^"^^^' ^JJ^^^ ^^ 6e conceal
toe fact, tmi) ijuntinn: iljad lie DeemeU jrelo-
f»- !.?"^^^^"iJ confelTen, t6e£)ffcnce 10 one-
ip imabie at tOe nert ffenerai ^emon^.
m?A^^f 5i Hefcoug of tfie Crecution of a--
n? fiicfi OLiarrant mil tie nffo Ueemenielo-'
Srar i^H. 7. cap. u. Bonc (!ja(( keep ani)
<f o^ea 0^ li^ar!i) in pam to foimt foi e^erp
^ontij
OfHUNTlNG. 151
^ottt6 tfjtp ate fo Itept 40 s. miti)tt fljail
mp urn U3itl3 anp 'Buft 0? OBeall to aitp
Deer, ejccept in i)tsai ouin JFo?ea 01 parit, on
pant of 10 1.
Stat. 14, 15 H. 8. cap. lo. BOIXZ fljall ttact,
cieffcoj?, 0? liiU anj) ^are m tlje ^noui, m
min of 6 s. 8 d. foi ei^erp fucfi sDffettce : Ujgicft
jenaltu alfelTeti in ^'euion^ fljall q:o to tfie
feing » but in a JLeet, to tlje ILo^n tijeteof*
Stat. 3 Jacob, cap. 13. BOlte fljall (U)it()OUt
:|)e ^umetjs Ltcenfe) kill 0^ cljafe anp Deec
n Conep^ in aitp patfes, 0? ihciofen
^?oimtij3, inpaintofuffet tfi^eemontfi^im-
j^ifonnicnt, to pap treble naittatje^ to tfte
mrtp gncueti , anti to be boimti tDitlj mo
im <duretie£Sto tfie gcoti beljabiourfo^ fe-
lenj^earist 'But tfte partp grteben, Saijino:
atij5faction, Ijatlj liberty? toreleafe tljeOSe-
labiour*
H. 'Bp tbe fame %tmitz it appears, tfiat
f anp perfon not Ijabing 40 1. per annum in
.anti0, 0} 200 1. tit i^(Dti«3, 0? fonie inclofen
p?ounti ufeb fo? Deer 0? ConepiS too^tlj 40 s„
er ann. Ht leaf!, fljall ufe attp ^un, 0301115 01
rrof^-bolD to liilt aup Deer oiCoiiepjoij o?
jail keep anv nsuck flail, jferret,Don;,jeet,
I otbercSngine, it (Ijall be latoful fo? au)^
erfon (fja^mo; lanti^ ino^tlj 100 1. perann.j
0 take fuel) &inj &c. from aupfucfj perfon,
nti to conbert it to W obin ufe.
Stat. 1 3 Car. 2. cap. 20. i^oue fljallunlaiufuf-'
; Courfe, MIU ipimt, 01 tarrp awav an)>
peer in mv jf oieft, Cfiafe, l^urlieui, UKdXiy '
Mtk. ni ctfjer ^^ounti tuljere Deer babe
een ufuallp kept, luitbin England bm vvaics,
iitijout tiie confent of tfje C)UJner0 0? par-
tie
15* OfHUNTING.
tp cWfi^ truffeti tuitl) tfjc tnHoxsv tijercof, oi
tieaiHingoiaaiaiuijtliecciit, upoupatit, be=
iiig coniJtcteti bp confcfrtoit, o? one OTitneriJ,
l3efo?e aiip jiifticc of tlje peace Uiitljin fit
ittontljsJ after t!je S^ffence, of 20 1. to be \cWo
hv ntltvefg bp OLIaerant of tfie faiti Slufticess :
one nioitp to tlje ^Infontier, tlje otijcr to tfjc
£Dtunei* of tlje Deer: 3nti fo? luant ot tJiftrcf^,
to be comniitteti to tlje 5:)oitfe of Co^ccction,
0.1 common ^oal, fo? one pear, anti not Utf
cljaracti till fufficicnt ^uretieis be ijtben fo^
tije ifm befiatJiour*
11. 3 1 !6 ne\icrtbelef0 pjoln'tieti, tfiat upon
puniO^aient of tW stature tlje penalty oi
no otijerlatDbe inturretJ.
Stat. 2 2 & 2 3 Car. 2 . cap. 2 5. Jt (0 (gnaftet! «
-vEiljat all Lo.2t!^ of ©annourg o^ otber Eop^
altie0, not imner tlje tsegreeof anCfqmre-
map bp Writing; unucc tljeir Ipano^ ant
%tii^^ autljon^e one o^mo^e *^ame--keeperiE
UJitijln tljetr refpectibe C?9annotirj2i o? Eop
afttessi Mjo beinnjtbereunto fo autl)Oii?eij.
map take anti fcife ad fuclj ^^umsi, l^oiujs.
<^^ep-!jount!!5, ^etttng-^tioijis, Lurcljer^, o;
ct!}er Dogs to kiK rparegi o? Conepji, jFer
ret0, Crammel05 loin bell0, fpapejs, oi o
tf3cr Ettt^, !pare=pipe0, ^nareis, oi otbet
€nn;inc^ to? tlje takino: ano killinn: of Co
neP0, i\irc05 pljcafant^, l^partringe^, oi
otljcr o?ame, a9 luitljin tlje IB.^ecinitjES of fuclj
rcfpeitibe $?immour0 lljal! be ufen bp am^
perronciperiungiimjobprlji.ei ^ctare p^olji=
biteti to keep o? ufe tijefame. ann if anp
perfon oi peifunei bp tljiss ^it p^oljibiteu to
keep onife anp ^Si5un'0, Doo:5,&c. asafo^e^
fatti, be upon ucon urounn fiifpetteH to (jabc
01
OfHUNTlNG. 155
0? keep in W 0? tljeir cuff otip, mv (55ttit«5,
'Boui^, o^anpfonofDotjjSj&c. tdtiefttop
lMt0, Coucpgi, &c. ctjcn map tfje fain
<^ame=keepec 01 c^anie keepers, 01 otljec
perfoii (beino: tljereimto autljo^i^eti lip
^arrant untiet tlje ipanti ann ^eal of
m\p jufttce of tfie ^^cace of tljc fame
Countp, DiUifion, 0? I5)face ) in tfie t>ap^
time, reatcft tl)c Ipoufe^, ^uMjoufeSvOI 0^
tljei* place?3 of fuc!) pcifon^ fo fufpecten : anu
ifanp^im, ^^^ePijounn, 'Bolnjs, ^cttuuT-
tioD:05&c. iietijete fomtn, tijefame fee fljalt
fei^e, Betain, ann keep, to ann fo? tfee ufe of
tlje Lo^tiof t!)e®annoaeo? Eopaltp Mjerc
t!)e fame fljall be fo fomtn 01 taken i 01 otljet-
HJife to cut in piecejai 01 neftcop, ajs tf^nxm
ty tW ^rt p?oljsbiteti to i^ekept tip tfjeic it
0i*ee.
II. Bone Ijaijino: lantijs 01 Cenement^,
01 fome otijec Cftate of inljerirance in Ijiis
oiun 01 1)10 aiifc0 rigljt, of tlje clear uauie
of 100 1. per ami. 01 fo] tenii Of life, 0? fja-
ijingLcafe o? Leafed of ^ppeai:^ at leaff of
tlje clear Mlnz of 1501. Boi tlje €5on ann
Deir apparent of an cgfquire, 0? otfter per
fon of ijigljer ncpee, idIjo are Iierelip necKv
reti to be tlje perfoniJ Beclaret? bp tlje Lalug of
tfjt^Eealm notalloujeuto fjaise 0? keep anp
iSDunjg, Oi$olD05 «^?cp4joimti5,^ettuifi=tioQ;jS5
jferretio, Ccnep-Hop, ILurcljers, l)iiv&y
ii5et05 jLoui'beil^, Iparcpipc^, ^narejs, c|
ctljer €nglneji afoJefatn: ij3ut fl)ailbe5ann
are Ijcrebp p^oljibtteD to Ijai^e, keep, 01 ufe
tlje fame* m £)\mtxu ano il^e£per«3 ot iFo=
refts, l?ark0,CBarren0, o^Cljafe^, bcuifi:
nocktuiitlj Deer 0? Conep^ fouljeir nccef^
farp
154 OfHUNTlMG.
mmm.oi cijareiei are alf otoe^ to top'&c
in. Bone map enter Uj^ongfulfp into mp
mmm o?,o:t:ounn itiWnm uferi oi km
m t&e ij^eemnu o? keepinijof ConePjs i r al*
tfiottrttfiefame be not enclofeti) nonafee,
kill, 0? crjafe an^^conep0 tficre trntfiout tfte
confent of tlje Oiunec tfiereof, not imiim
anplaujful Citte o^ autljomp fo to0o7on
paintojJielti totfje partP ffcieHeti treWe tia-
tna0e0 ann coff i liefine^ fljall fuffer tlntz
moixm ^mp^ifonmcnt, cm after till ml
tm mimim fo? tMt m^ nbmm t m
prrfon offeiuiino: tiruiiyconutcttij? one mxv
xm upon £)atlj, 0? fji^ oujn cdnfelTton i^
fufficient*
Jl. ^^ Petfott 0? perfon^ fljall take in t!je
nmljt time anp Conr)^0 apontlje Ijo^ner^of
?.?lP^*Yr^^".' 0? otijcr ^mxm^, \mM\^
nfen foi tlje b^eenino: 02 keepinn: of anv Co--
nep0,ercept fnclj ag( fljall U ottiner-3 of tfte
€>oi!,o2 faujfuf occupier o? polfeiro? of the
grounu^ 0.2 aup perfong empfoDeH \s\) fiinu
ijcr^onOcm, Uifjereonfucf) €mtn dial! ije
fokillets 01 takeui upon pain thateUeri)
mnxntx, immiv mma a^ afo^cfaitJ, fliali
giije t!)e partP 0^ parties innireti fucf) recom-
peitce omtij^faiTion fo? W 0^ tljcir namaircis^,
mtn tpitljin facfj time m fljail be appointen bp
t!}e 3iuaicc before lufjom fucij Offender Hjalf
Bcconljicteti i anti oljer ann alione pap tioiun
Plcfentlpto tlje ©Uerfeer^ fonOeufeof the
\mnt m l^ariflj UJhere fuc!) ^DfTence fljail
ftecommittcti, fuel) fum of moitp, not e;rcee'
mno: .0 s. as tOc fain nuflice mU tfjinlt meet.
antJ If fuel) £)frenner 0^ C>ffeniier^ no not
make
I OfHUNTlNG. 155
make tecompence aKatigfamcitt to t!je faiD
partP 01 particjs innireti, anu alfo pap t!jc
ram Turn to t{)c l^coiajs afo^efaitii tfjcntfjc
faiti :jullice fbail commit tije fain £Dffeiniet:
31 f)ffenl!O|0 to tlje fpoufe of Correction, foj
iiclj time ajs tijc fain 31tifticc fljait tijink fit,
tot erccetiina; one mmiti).
V. p^ouitien tijat uifiat iis ntentionen m
tf)i0 ^ct of 22 & 23 Car. 2. ettenn not to a--
biicp anp Eopairp 01 p^ecoijatiDe of Ijisi
a&ajeftpi mi to abnnge, djange, 01 alter a--
!ii> jfoieft=LaW03 but tlje fame to hz of foice,
ann remain a^ if tfjiis ^ct ijan not been mane*
A further Abftradl of feme Penal LAWS
as concern Forests, Chases, ^c
I. X 5^^^^ ft^^^ ^^ ^6^^^ 8)tDainmoteis in t6e
1 ^ear , viz. one 1 5 napjs before Michaei-
mafsi anotber about Martinmafs, anntbetbirn
15 naj>j5 before Midfummer. at tje firft ttDO
of ^b'icb none ftatl appear bp niffref^, but
tlje jf oilers, vllernorjg, ann ij^ett taker 0 , anu
at tlje otber onelp tbe ifoCers ann OernoriS :
()oiobeit tfie jfoftersi ann Qlernoriej fljall meet
eberp fortP nap^, to fee tbe attachment of
tbe iFo?cft"0, a0 meU foi ^iztMm. ajai ?)un«
ting: 3nn tbe ^toainmotes (ball not bz
kept, but in tbe Counties UJbere tljep Ijabc
ufentobekept.
". Latuing of Doq:0 fljall be mane in jFo=
refl0,from 3 peargs to 3 peans bp tbe bieio ann
tcftimonp of laliiifulmen, ann not otljertDife:
^oujbeit fucfj jLatuins of Oogis fljall not be
but
15^ OfHUNTlNG.
•but tnfietc it Ijatft been ufeti fcom t6e Co^o
nation of Hen. 2d.
in. ji^o jfofter o^ QBeatile ftaU make €)Co
tal, 0? gatfter (Sarbe, OatjSjlamb, oi\diQ
ibutbP tj)e fiijljt oftlje 12 Eangct^Mjen tlje
fljall make tljeir Eantve : anti tijece fl^all b
fo manp Eanpcjs airignen foi tlje keepini
of jfo^eagf, ais fljall feem teafonablp fuffi
ctentfoHljefame*
IV. anp pEcfon lya'oiwQ a OTooti in tlje jf 0
reft map aijeft ic^ana take i)W pauinage tftcn
at W pleafute ^ Ije mai? alio n^iiie Ijijs ipogj
t[)|oun;f) ti)e l^iniT^ rointss', 02 eifeiufj-re fo
ttjat puipofc i auo if ti)z\> l^ aU nigljt in tfti
jf oieft, Ije ftali not be queftioncti foz it.
V. Bmt iljail lore life 01 ^embet fo^ kil
littu of Deer, but ffiall be fiueo foi it if Iji
Ijaiie anp tljinn: i if not, be fball be imp^ifonet
a peat anna Bap: ann (if becanfintiijajt
€)Ut:etiE0) fljau tbenbe nelitieceti > but if not
Ije (bail abjUce tbe Eealm.
VI. a peer ot tbe Eealm, beino: fent fo;
hp tbeHxino:, in comino: aiiB i-etutnino; \m\
kill a Deei* 0? tloo in tfje jf oielt tbioufff
UJljicb bepalTctD: Ijotnbeit, itmuftnot be
none p^iHilv, but bp tbe UicUJ of tbe jf oiler,
if p^efent* but if abfent, bp caufingone to
ijlotu a pom fo? bim, left be feem to fteal tbe
^eer*
vii.'bo Cbimage 0? Coll ftjall be taken
in jfo^eft^, but bP a jfo^efter in fee, tbat
farmiss W 'Bailitoick, anD onelu of fuclj a0
bup tbeir Oi5ulbej3, Cimber, 'Bark,o?CoaIief5
to tell it again , viz. 2 d. to2 a Cart, anti i d.
foi an 1)01% to betaken balf PearlP : ann it
fljall onelp be taken lobere it Ijatlj ufen to
be
OfHUNTING. 157
fee taken, anti not elfeMjere : BtitUt fljnil
m\v cljtniasE be taken of fticlj n^ mtv ln\t^
mm of 'Buflje-s, 05ack 01 Coal, albeit tijep
fell it,imleri3 tljep take tftem out of tije mw^
T)tn\dntlt\(Sii}^. 'ThushvChartaForcjia.
a jfo^cft£i, packer, 01 aiamnee fljall
not be niieftioneti fo^ killinn; a ^tefpafler,
tDlio (after tlje peace crpeu to Ijini) tyill not
pteitJ bimfelf, fo it be not none out ct fome o-
tber former malice* stat. 2 1 Ed. i.
ji^o ® mifter of tlje jf o^eil fljaii be put up-
on anp m^z, 3urp, 0? inqueft to be taken
tOit!jO'UttbeifOiea\ Ordin.ForelV
Stat. I Ed. 3. cap. 8. jj^oue fijall be taken 01
Smp^ifoneti fo^ Oert oi aenifon, unlef^ be
be taken UJttOtije nianner, o^elfeintiicteB ac-^
co^tJintjtotijeftnmof tl)e star. 34. Ed. i. mm
tben tlie m^fnzix of tbe f o?eil fi)aU take
bim to ^^ainpiife, until tije ep^e of tfje f 0=
reft, vuitbout taking: anp tfjinir fo? iji^^tJeli'
l3erance* anB if tije aiartsen luiJl not fo Do,
be (ball bai^e a OTcit out of tbc Cfjaucerp ot
£)lti oinatneti foi pecfou^ intiiiten to be bai=
letitilltbe^pre. ^ , ^^, ^
Stat. I Ed. 3. cap. 2. ^v man bairnig clOcdb
^itm tbe jf oieft, ma> take lpo^fe^ba3t anti
]D)ap^ba)t in fji^ faiti caa3ti, tuitbout beino;
att'acben fo2 tfje fame 'op tbe C^mifter^ of tbc
f o?ea, fotbatitbe none bptftebieloof tbe
jfo?efter0. _ ^^. ^ ., ^
Stat. 7. R. 2. cap. 4. Bo Officer of tbe ifo--
reft iball take oi imprifon anp Uiitbout nue
3inni(tment, 01 per main ouvre flnitb 1)1^ banu
i attbeftio^k) tbatisJ, being taken luitbtije
! manner, oi trefpamng; in tbe if o^eft i no?
! ftall conftrain anp to mt^kz C)bligation o^
Ean--
158 Of HUNTING.
aaanfome agamff m mu ann m mttz oi
tee jfo?eft, in pain to pap tfie mtPQtimi
mnmm^^'^' »^"^ to fteratomeSat tf/c
fiOUntllStfiei-eOf; See the statute atC^^ ^"^
,7 Car cap. I ^. Bo place UHtljIlt England 02
Wales, Ulcere no Suffice ^tat, ^tDammotc
Court, oiattacDment 6at&WnS m
2oj»ean5, ftalllje accounted jfo2r(t -^
n. CenantiefanD ^Duinerg of an mrtmrn
St'/^'^^'"^'^ tfjeir common anTS?
Star. 20. Car. 2. cap. 3. ^^11 CfiOUfantr 2ctP^\
enciofmann kept m fei)cta(t;?,fo2 the itrototK
ant. p^efec^ation of Cfm&er : an^^fie mtoer
njt mm anrr (^ouetnment of jro"ea^
FINIS.
GENTLEMAN^^
BEING A
TREATISE
HAWKING
AND
fitted for the Delight and Pleafure
of all Noblemen and Gentlemen.
Collefled front Aneient and Modern
Authors, and Redlified by the Experience of
the mod Skilful Artifts of thefe Times;
.With an Abftraft of fuch Statute-Laws
as concern this Recreation.
€{je ^ztmt} pact.
London : Printed by J C, and F. C. for N. C.
!^
O F
Hawk
The IntroduBion,
THe Element wherein the Faulconer ufeih to
trade, is the Air \ and though he dealeth
fometimts in the Watcr.^ yet he prefers the
Air before it, that yielding him molt Pvecre-
ation ', for it is unable to ft©p the high fearing of his
generous Faulcon : in it (he flies to fuch a height, that^
being loft to the fight of Mortals, (he feems to con-
verfe with Heaven alone » and, like Icarits-y endangers
her Wings to be fcorcht by the Sun-beams ? and yet
is fearlefs, cutting the fluid Air with her nimble Pini-
ons, making her High- way over the tkepeft Mountains
anddeepeft Rivers, and in her lofty career looks down
with a feeming contempt on the greatell: Glories we
mort ertimate : and yet fuch is her Loyalty and Obedi-
ence to her Matter, that a word .from his mouth fliall
make her floop and condefcend.
This Element of Air is not onely to be praifcd for the
Recreation it affords the Faulconers, but for its Ufeful-
ncfs to all, no creature being in a condition to live with-
ein it : for if the infpiring or expiring Organ of any
[a 2] crea-
2 €fje 3!nttotittrtioit»
creature be ftopt, itmuft fpeeclilydic,ancl pay the Debt
that's due to Nature.
And as this Element juftly ntierits praife , fo do its
wing'd Inhabitants, both feeding and refrefhing Man-
kind : with their Bodies they perform the hrit, and the
latter with their harmonious Voices.
The number of Heaven's airy Quire is fo great,
I cannot here well enumerate themj yet I rou(t not
pafs by thtfe nimble Mtjficians of the Air, which
warble forth fuch curious Notes as puzzle Art to imi-
tatc.
I mean to fpeak of few, and firft of the Lark^: When
flic means to recreate her felf and hearers, (he quits the
Earth, and fings as flie afcends i and having made an
end of her heavenly Ditty , (he feems to fwound to
think flie muft dcfcend again unto the dull Earth, which
fhe would fcorn to tread but for necellity.
Again, obferve how the Blacl^-bird and the Thrufh
contend who (hall with their unimitable Voices bid the
beli welcome to tlie fragrant Spring.
Nor dorh the Nightingale come fhoft in breathing
out her loud Muiick through the fmall Organ of her
Throat. How have I oft admired in a Itill night the
clearncfs of her Airs, thefweetnefs of her Defcants, her
natural Pvillng"; and Fallings, her Doublings and Re-
doublings !
A'Tuch more might be faid of thefe , which I fl^aH
wave, being a digrfilion from my purpofe, which is to
ticat of another BirdofPleafure, viz. the Hawk^^
HErc note, that the Harvk is di(^inguiflicd into two
kindts> the Long-winged^ and Sbort-wingcd
Of
Of fpmU* 3
Ofthcfirft kind there are ihef«, which are here a-
mongft us moft in ufe :
The Gerfaulcon and JerkirJ-,
Faulcoa and Tiercel-gentle^
Lanner ZT\d Lannerety
Bockirel and Bock^ret^
Sak^r and Sak^ret,
Merlimnd Jack^merlin^
Hobby and Jack^ . .
The Stelletto oi Spain^
The bloud-red Kook^oi Turkit^
The Woiklte from Virginia, '[ "
Of the Short-mnged Harvh^ there are thefe :
The Eagle and Iron^.
Go(hatf>h^dX\dL Tiercel^
The Sparron>'han>k^3ind Musket ^
Two for ts of the French Pie%
Of inferiour fort there are thefe :
The Stanyel or 'Ring-tail^
The Rdi/fw and Buzzard^
The ForJ<e^ K/Ve and bold Buzzard^
The Hen-driver^ Sec,
It is not to be expeded that we (hould treat of all
thefe and many others bearing different Names , but
onely fuch which axe moft in ufe, of which I (hall re-
gularly treat concerning their Eyries , Mewings, Ca-
llings, Renovation of Feathers, &c, with their Re-
claiming, Dieting, Difgafes , Cures , and Method of
Pia^ice.
[a 3] terms
Terms of Art in Faulconry , as they
were ufcd by Ancient Faulconers >
and are now by Modern Praftitio-
ners, with their Explanations.
THe Jge of a lian\:
The Hrlt year, a Soarage.
The fecond year, an Enterviertf,
The third year, a White Hawkc
The fourth year, a Han^k^ofthefirfl Coat,
ArmsjZxc the Legs from the Thigh to the Foot.
Bate^ is when the Haivk^ fluttereth with her Wings ci-
ther from Pcarch to Fitt, as it were liriving to get a-
way.
Bathing, is when the H<«tr^ wafheth her felfat home or
abroad,
BeaJ^^ is the upper part of the Bill that is crooked.
Beam Feathers^ are the long Feathers of the Hawk^
Wings.
heavy of^ails^ are a brood of young ^aih.
Beti?itf^ are the Leathers with Bells buttoned about the
Han>}^f Legs.
Binding^'xs tyring, or when a K/rrJ^feizeth.
Bovpet^ is when a young HawJ^ draws any thing out of
her Nell, and covets to clamber on the bowcs.
Botyfing^ is when the i:/^!:^]^ drinks often, and yet con-
tinually thirrteth for more.
Branch or Stand, is to m^ke the Hatrk^kzp from Tree
to Tree till the Dogfprings the Partridge.
Bran-
jfauIconEriS ^ettti^* 5
Brancher , is a young Harvk^ newly taken out of the
Neft.
Cadge^ is that circular piece of Wood on which Wn>kf
are carried when they are expofed to fale.
Sanceleer^ is when a high-flown Harvk^ in herftooping
turneth two or three times upon the wing, to recover
her felf before (he feiieth.
Carry ^ is flying away with the Quarry. ^
Caji your Han\to the Pearch^ is to put your Hawl^ bn_
the Pearch.
Cajiing^ is when you give your Hawk^ any thing to
clean fe and purge her Gorge.
Carvifi s a jFi.tn?^ nnay be fo called at the beginning of
the year^nd (ignihes as much as to carry on the Filt.
Cataraji^ a Difcafe in Hawks fo called.
Cajtterizing'Irons, are Irons to fear with.
Cawklng-time^ is Tread ing-time.
Crabbings is when Harvkf^ (landing too near, fight with
one another.
Creance^ is a fine fmall long Line of ftrong and even-
wound Pack-thread which is fafined to the Hajvi^s
Leafe or Leafh when fhe is firit Lured.
Cheeky., that is when the H^n?i^forfakes her proper Game
to fly at Pies, Crows, or the like, croiling her in jier
flight.
Clip, is the nether part of the Havp](s Beak.
Coping-hous^ are ufed in coping or paring the Harvk^
Beak, Pounces, or Talons, when over-grown.
Cowring^ is when young Hawk/ quiver and (hake their
Wings, in teftimony ot obedience towards the old
ones.
Cri/2efj,are the fmall black Feathers like Hairs about the
Sere.
VifclofedAs when the young juft peep through the fhell.
[a 4] Vrop'
^ iraufcoiici*i5 Cccmjsf.
Propping , is when the Hjwi^muteth dire^ftly dovynr
ward in feveral drops,^ not yerking it ftreight for-
wards.
l^aJerv^ is when the f/jivi^digefteth her meat, that (he
pot cncly difchargeth her Gorge thereof, but like-
wife dcanfcth her PanneL
Enjeame^ is the purging of a HarvJi;^ of her glut and
Grea(c.
Enter a HawJ^ is when (he firft begins to kill.
fyfi, is a young H^*!?/^ newly taken out of the Nell,
not able to prey for hinnfelf.
JEj/rit', is that place vyhere Haaok^ l?uiU, and hatch their
yoijng,
feakii^g^ is when the Uarv\ wipeth her Beak after fee-
ding.
FflanJefs^ ajort of little red Worms that ufually breed
in Harvkf.
FIj^t^ Feathers next the principal Feathers in the
Haxvi(s Wing.
Fly on head^ is milling her ^arry^ and betaking her
felf to the next Check, as Crows, e^-c.
Fprf^zj/e, is the Female- Hirt'/;. '
Formica^ z Difeafe in Hawks lo called.
Frounce^ is a Pifeafe common in the IVJoutli or Throat
of 4 H^rvk.
Gleam^ after a Hjirl^hath cart,(he Gleamith,or throweth
--up hithlrom her Gorge.
G/«f, is the flimy fubrtancethat lies in the Harvkj Pan-
ne!.
Gr.rge, is called in other Fpwl the Crarr or Crop.
Curgkhig^ is when (he is lluft and fuficcated.
H4c'\\i the place where ^l}e fJai^K^s Meat is laid.
H^u^K k^pf ^^^ ^""^^^ ^^ ^^^" ^^ ^^'^^ ^^ the place
where (he lays in Partridge.oi the like, until it be re-
trivcd. n 1- u u
Her/; 4* feidge, is when ycu find a Her;z ftanding by the
water. fide watching for Prey, or the like.
Jack, IS the Wzk'Hawki ,., r « j
Jejfes, arc thofe fhort ihaps of Leather which are fafined
to the HaiflY Legs, and fo to the Leafc or Lealh by
Varvails, and fuch-like.
Imp, is to infert a Feather into the Wing of a HawK
in the place of one that is broken.
|/;(e , is the Neck from the H<>-ad to the Body of any
Bird which the Hj^doth prey upop.
Intermewing, is fronn the firft exchange of the Harvk^s
Coat, till (he turn white : and this is fo called from
the fir{t Mewing.
Joiik^th, is when (he fleepeth.
LHfe, that is when a young H^rri^ is called by the Faul-
cpner thereunto, and is made of Feathers and Lea-
ther not much unlike a Fowl, which he caiieth up
into the Air.
l^eafe or Leajh, is a fnlall long thong of Leather by
which the Faulconer holdeth his Harvk^hi\ , folding
it many times about his Finger.
Icjff, is when the JFiiwi^ holds in to ypu.
A Maki-Han>k^ is an old Staunch- H^w^ which ufed to
fly, will cafily inftrudt a young Harvki
MMughigaHarvk^, is to ufe her with Art and Skill.
\Mak^ out, is when the Harvk, goes forth at Check.
(Mailes, are the Brea(t-feathcrs.
Manning, is making a H^jpi^to endure company.
M^nthth , is when the Hartk^ firetcheth one of her
Winas after her L'-rs and fo the other.
s iFaulcortetis %ttm^.
Mew, is the place where you fet down your Hatvk^dn^
ring the time (he raifeth her Feathers.
Muting^ is the Excrements or Dung of a Hatok^^ and fo
it is of a Hern.
Mites^ are a fort of Vermin that trouble the Head and
Nares of a HawJ^
Nares^ are the little holes in a Harvk^s Beak.
Pearch^ is the Hjn>}(s refting-place when (he is oif the
Faulconers Fift.
Pelt, is the dead body of any Fowl the H^wj^hath kil-
led.
Pill or Pelf, is what the H^m^hath left of her prey after
(he is relieved.
Plume, is the general mixture of Feathers and Colour?
by which the Conftitution of a Hjiv}{\s known.
Plumage, are fmall Feathers given the Harvk to makai
her caft.
Pluming, is after the Harrk hath feized her Prey . andl
dKmantlcs it of the Feathers. • ''
Pannel, is the Pipe next the Fundament of ^ U^ztvk^
where (he digefteth her meat from her body.
Pantos, a Difeafe in Harvlq fo called.
Pcndaut'Feathrs, thofe Feathers behind the Thigh of a
Hawk,
Petty fingles, arethe Tocs of the Hanvkf
Pounces, are the Claws of the Hatvk,.
^rinciyal- Feathers , are the two longeO Feathers in the|
Havp](s Wings.
Pruneth, is when the H2»?j^pickcthherfelf.
Put over, is when a Ht/w/^removcth her Meat frcm the
Gorge into her Bowels , by traverfing with her Bo-
dy, but chiefly with her Neck.
^^rry, is the Fowl which the H^n^JS^^flics at dead of
' ' alivc» Kaifid
aifed in fleih, is when a Hawk^^xows fat.
i^f, is when the Haivk^ flies out too far from the
Fowl.
lamage, is when a H*«wi^ is wild , and difficult to be
leclainned.
langle^ is when we give a Hjwk^Gizvd to bring her to
her Stomach.
litrivcy is when Partridges, having been fprung, are to
I find again.
loMze^ is when a Hjn?J^Ufteth her felf up and ftiaketh
her felf.
:«jf,is when the Haa>k hits the Prey, and yet nottruf-
fes it.
[ufter-bood , is a plain and ealle Leather-hood, being
large, wide, and open behind, and is to be worn by
a f/jn?)^ when you hrii draw her.
Uclaim, is to make a Hawk, tame, gentle, and famiUar.
-" «
Mi//, are the Wings of a Hanf}{.
'ear or Sere^ is the yellow between the Beak and Eyes
ot the" Harvki
'eeling^ is when a. HatvkJ\ii\. taken is fo blinded with
a Thread run through the Eye-lids, that (he fees not,
or very little, the better to make her endure the Hoodo
'cizhig^ IS when a H^wi^ gripes her Prey, or any thing
elfe. fart within her Foot.
'etting dow/i, is when the Haw}{ is put into the Mew.
7/ce, is when a H^wk, muteth a great diftance from
her.
'liming, is when aH^wiS^mutcth without dropping.
'nitiiig^ is when a Harv\d,<i it were fneezeth.
'oar huix\^ that is from the firfl: taking her from the
Eyries rill (he hath Mewed her Feathers.
'pring^ is when any Partridge or Pheafant rife.
'looping^ is when the Han>k, is aloft upon her Wing, and
then defcends to rtrike her Prey.
Sum-
Summ^d^ is when the Hspoh^xi in all her Plumes.
Smvel, is that which keepeth a Haivk^kom twifting.
Tiercel or 7ajfel^ is the Male- HjwI;.
liring^ is when you give your Hawk^ a Leg oi Pinion
a Pullet, Pidgeon, &c, to pluck at.
*Train^ is the Tail of the Hawkc '
7'rajfingy is when Che raifeth any Fowl aloft, and fo
ing with it, at length defcendeth with it tot'
ground. '
Varvels^Wttk Rings of Silver at the end of the Jefl
whereon the owners of the Harvl^hivc their Nan
ingraven.
Vureclaimed, is when a Han>k^ is wild.
V/tfeeling^ is when you take away a Thread that ru
through the Harvks Eye-lids, and hinders her fighi
Vnflriks the bood^ is to draw the Strings, that it may
in a rcadinefs to pull off.
Vnfitmm'd, is when the Feathers of a Hawk^ are n
fully grown.
Vrinej^ are Nets to catch Hart>kj withal.
Warbling^ ts after a Haxvk hath mantled her felf fii
crofles her Wings together over her Back.
Weatherings is when you air your Hsrvi^ in Froft, Su.
or by the Fire- fide.
Whur^ is the rifing and fluttering of Partridge or Phe;
fant.
h. -
n
f)f i|)aluk!0i anti iDaMinff, 1 1
c Mantes and Natures 0/ Hawks in general i
andfirfi of the Haggard-Faulcon.
Begin with the Haggard-Faulcon , fince it is a Hawk
' which moft men now- a- days covet, to fit and pre-
rc for their delight and pleafure i although hereto-
c I hear lefs fpoken of her praife by the Antients
in (he deferves.
Some of old have preferred the F aulcon-gentk for
ttlc and courage, being of alovingdifpofition, ftrong
d daring, and hardy in all feafons \ and by amera
ftake have undervalued the Haggard-faulcon , con-
inning her as being a Bird too tender to endure rough
d boilterous weather.
Experience confutes this Opinion, (he being known
be able to endure as much the extremity of weather,
more than the 7kTC£U Faulcon-gentle^ or mod other
iwks what foe vcr i and therefore (he (hall fir ft take
»ce in this manner.
The Haggard-faulcon, wild, and unreclaimed, takes
arge liberty to her felf for her abode, either by Sea
Land V and is fo abfolate in her power, that where-
cr ftie comes, all flying Fowl ftoop under her fubjedi-
). Nay, the 7iercel-gentle, although her natural com-
mion, dares not fit by her or come near her relidence
It in cawking-time, and that is in the Spring-, and
,cn for procreation fake , (he will admit him to come
:ar her with fubmilfion, which he manifefts by bovv-
g his head at his approach , and by calling and cow-
ng with his Wings, as the young ones do, in teftimo-
i how fearful he is of incurring her difpleafure.
VVhiia ftie is very young ( and fowill a Fjjpnger-
12 £)f 5)aMj5 aitd ^auikittff*
Soar-fattkon) (he will prey upon Birds which are
big to encounter withal i and this (he doth for w ,j
ofunderltanding: and (he continues this rafhnefs a
folly, till experience aqd^a found heating have reclai
edher. ' " ';' ' V' '-^^;^*^v m.
The Haggard faulcoH will prey oh ainy other F(
(he can meet with advantageoufly, efpecially tame F
geons, or fuch as belong to a Dove-houfe \ for th
they frequently meet withal.
This Hawk is an iftcefTant Pains-taker \ no weat
difcourageth her from her Game, but that oncly wHe
in no Fowl can well fiir abroad to feek for fullenani
otherwife (he is continually working, either in the
or elfewhere, unlcfs (he (loop and mifs of her F1
and then (he will reli a little, to take breath and ren
her courage. Nay, if Ihe hath laboured \x\ boiftcr"
and tempeltuous weather three or four days togetl
(he will be fo far from being the worfe for it, that
will appear much better, and more lively. And thd
for it is a vulgar errour, for men not to fty their Hav
but after three or four days reli, fome a week or k\
night. For old Staunch-hawks^I >udge a little refl: ^|
do no harm i but for the young, till (he is blouded g
her but little •, and if you can fly her every day, you \
find it fo much the better.
When the Faulcon unreclaimed hath feizcd 1
Prey and broke her Neck , (in artilicial terms , 1
InkJ) (he then falls on the Crop , and feeds tir[t
what is there contained , afterwards on other par
and having hlled her Gorge, (he will fly to fome foli
ry place which is near water, or what likcth her b-
and there (he will tit all day : upon the approach
night fbe takes Wing, and flics to fome convenii
|4ace(be hath afore purpofed, to pearch therein till i
fnjoniiing.
Thus much of her as (he is wild and unrecUiitii
n the next place it will be requifite to inform you with
he manner of reclaiming of a Haggard- faulcon^ and her
nrryto the Lure.
Having taken or purchafed one of them , fet her
lown, and let her reft quietly the firft night in a Rufter-
'lood.
' The next day take her up eafily on your Fifi , and
:arry her up and down that whole day i ufing a Fea-
her to ftroke her withal inftead of your hand. When
on find her not impatient of being toucht , take her
Hood off fpeedily, and put it on again as fpeedily , ob-
ferving thus to do till (he is willing to feed : then fre-
Ijuently offer her food, but let her have but a little at z
'ime i never pulling her Hood off or on but you muit
';ai« her love with a bit or two, ullng your voice unto
lier when you are taking off her Hood, and all the
Ivhile (he is feeding, and no longer-, that by that
neans, after (he is reclaimed, (he may know by your
7oice(he (hall befed.
Having thus done, teach her to come to your Fid
rom the Pearcb by doing thus : Let her (tand on a
'earch about breaft-high \ if lower , kneel, for this
ow po(iure will lefs affright than any other : after
:his,unftrike her Hood, and lurcher, uling ycur voice i
md have a fpecial care that you affright her not or
liftalic her, and fo caufe her to bate from you. But
^ou muft , before you unlkike her Hood , encourage
ler with a bit or two , which will make her the more
:ager to come to you : For it is her Stomach that
ules her, and is the Bridle that keeps her in fubjec^ion,
)ricking her forward to perform her duty : wherefore
f you keep not her Appetite (harp and truly edged,
n(tead of SubmiiTion , you will hnd Difobedience,
rt'hen you find (he will willingly feed from and come
o your hand, you may then let her fit bare-fac'd, now
nd then diverting her (tarting about by giving her a
bit
Il
14 ©n|)aM!8 anH ?)aiukinfi:.
bit or two, to direA her face towards you : after thi;
you may fet her* to the Lure.
When you find (he will come reldily to the t\xH
garnilht with meat in the Creance , fearing left ft <
(corn this way of Luring, fix a live Pidgeon to the Lure j
and lure her therewith. When (he hath killed thePicJ ^
geon and eaten the Head, take her up gently with
bit of meat, and put on her Hood > then unftrike hf li
Hood and lure her to the Pelt , doing thus twice r '
thrice, and no more : if you do it oftner, (he will be
come in time Very loth to part with the Pelt , and b
this means you will provoke her to carry. This is
great fault, and more incident to and worfe in Field
Hawks than fuch as are fitted for the River.
But be fure you lure her not far till her Stomach h
perfed s for otherwife (he may difcover fomething b
the way which (he hath a greater c(\eem for, and fo h
loft for that time i which will be very detrimental (
her , although you (hould happen tO recover and K
claim her afterwards.
Here obterve, in the time of her making ( Whil
(he is on the ground cither pluming or feeding ) foi
get not to walk round her, ufing your voice, and givin,
her many bits with your hand » continuing fo to d
till you have won her to a more than ordinary familia
rity.
But above all, mark this> fpring heif fome livinj
Doves between the Man and the Lure, and let them b
given in a long Creance, that Ihe may kill them nea
you, in fuch manner that (he may trufs them over you
head ; by this means (he will not be afraid when yoi
come to her from afar off i the negled whereof vvil
make her timorous : thence will proceed her dragging
and carrying from you •, nay fomctimes (he will leav
her Prey, and totally forfake you.
There are fome Hawks will not be taken up with
ci:
I
out ftriliing or rapping in the Creance, which rriuft be
infallibly the lofs of lugh a Hawk without fuch a de-
vice: this is a great fault in the Hawk, and argueth
great negligence in the Faulconer, in fuffering, and not
remedying that ill property in her firft making.
'Rul(S for ordering a Haggard-faulcon in ths
Luring : with the^ Caufes and Remedies
of Carry ingy and other ill qualities.
Having thus far acquainted your Hawk with the.
Lure, take her but ferae convenient Evening, and be
no farther from her than (he can fee and hear you j then
hold in your Lure , and futfer her to fly about you,
holding her as near you as you can with your V" •'"C and
Lure, teaching her to do her bufmefs, and wOiU it on
your head, and then call up a live Dove : Which fomc
difapprove of, becaufe (fay they) the lightnefs ot
the Dove inclines the Hawk to that ill quality of Carry-
ing s but I rather impute that fault to the ignorance,
or negligence and harlhnefs of the Faulconer , who hath
been either unskilful, rcmifs,or hath not uCed thatgen-
tlcncfs which is requifite in Reclaiming a Hawk in her
firlt Making : fo that inlkad of gaining her love by fair
Allurements, he hath converted it into Hatred, Abhor-
rency,and Difdainful Coynefs.
Another caufe of this Drag'ging or Carrying pro-
ceeds from the Keepers ill or (lender Kewarding bis.
Hawk in the Luring, in giving her the Pelt of a Pidgeon
or fom.e other dead thing , which gives her no delighto
It is the pl'eafure (he takes in the Pvevi^ard that engages
her coming to you : If then (he chance to Hnd her
cxped-atinn fru(}rated in her ufual fatisfadtion , llie.
will ever after (hun youj and though you (houkl
t^rovv her a live Pidgeon,(he may feize it^and keep dofc"
tb] to
to it, or remove it as you approach., for fear that your
unkindnefs (hould deprive her of it. Wherefore you
mult have a fpecial care you difoblige her not in het
Luring.
There are feveral other errours which muft be re-
ctified in a Haggard-fauleon^ Faulcon-gentle^ or Slight"
faulcons^ Cwhich naturally are all of one kind , yet
differ much in cjuality and condition ) which I fhall
leave to the ftudy of the ingenious and induftrious
Faulconer or Keeper. I fay, the firft fault is, thiat
though you have lured your Hawk well , and given
her all the content and fatisfadion imaginable, yet will
(he not tarry with you, but take her flight and forfake \
you. This argueth an averfion in her from you to
fomething elfe. This fault Mt.Turbervile^ and Mr- La-
t'ham fay they have known remedied : but becaufe I
loi.k upon the trouble therein to be fo great, and the
future fatisfadion fo fmall and uncertain , I fhall not
lay down what means are commonly made u(e of in
the cure of this ill quality.
But there is anotherfault, which at firft may ht ea-
fly prevented j and that is , an afpiring quality and
working humour , when although the Hawk never
(hewed any diflike to the Keeper or difcontent, yet
by obfervation (he hath been found conceited , and
would not endure the fociety of another Hawk > and
having been well blouded on Fowl, (he would not be
kept down near her Keeper. To remedy this, let no
fcope be given to the Haggard in the time of making >
let her not fly high, but be held down and near you :
and if you Ihould let this Hawk in to another Hawk,
and find her fall to her work without any regard or
notice taken of the otiicr Hawk, fufped her inftintly,
and let her fee Fowl in due time, Icit when flie comes .
to her due place, Ihc go her way i for. (he will prove
impatient : wherefore the lliorter work you make
with .
£Df ipatolt0 anti 5)aiDkmff* if
with her, the greater delight you give her, and fo
confequently you engage her love continually towards
you.
Having taught your Hawk to ht bare-faced in the
Evening among company undifturbed , and that (lie
knows your Voice, and will come to the Lure , then
give her every night (tones, till you find her StomacH
good : after that, prefer her Cafihig^ and let her not
receive it unlefs fhe likes it well •, otherwifc (he is apt
to take a diflike, and will never afterwards receive ic
willingly.
Thefe Stones aforefaid prepare and make ready'
the way for carting, rtirring, and difTolving whatever
is offenfive v/ithin, and fitting it to be carried "down-
ward in her Mutes, or upward in her Catlings. The
time for giving thefc Stones is, when (lie hath put a-
way her Supper from above » then give her hali a do-
zen above the hand, if you have fo much skill •, if not,
otherwifeasyou are able. Do thus often, until fuchi
time as you (hall give her fuch things whereof (he (hali
take Plumage in her living or training. But of this,
ttiore hereafter.
H^ow to know the Nature and DifpofitioH of
fever at HAWKS, and what muji
he ohferved from thence.
THerc is a certain Hawk called a F/^«i^ U-i^^^
which is a kinde , loving, and docible Hawk ■->
for (he will diligently li(}cn and give car unto you and
your voice-, fhe will foon learn to come to hand, be-
ing veiy eager and hot to feize on what you (h^llei-
[b 2] thcj
ther throw or give her , and will be very familiar :
/ Laftly, having done your will on the ground , (he will
look up for your Fift , and will readily jump there-^
on*
They are much fubjedl to little Grubs, which are in-
gendered in the Guts, and difcover themfelvcs in their
Mutes, crawling out from them , (hrinking themfelves
up , and fo inltantly dying. Thefe Worms do little
harm , and that Hawk which hath them is feldom
bad. The colour of thefe Worms is red in a Slight
Faulcon^znd red in a Barbary-Faulcon > and when dead,
in both white.
There is a fort o{ Srvarthy hlacli^plurnd Havp\^ that
is good- mettled, and a high flier, yet hard to be reclai-
med : for iTie will neither mind you nor your voice v
but when you lure her, will look any other way than
that fee ftiGuld. However , you mult (hew your felf
very loving towards her, though you (hall get no more
from her thaii what you extort by force. For her due
reclaiming, lelTen her pride by ordering her Diet with
raeafure, with refpedt had unto the Weather i which if
it be mild and temperate, you need not fear to hold her
liovvn until you have quarried her : and as you fhall fee
her amend her manners, alter her Diet, and add to her
Mrength according to reafonable expedition , which'
will be foon obtained if (lie be found, and the weather
moderate. But if ths weather be frorty, have a care of
abating flefh.
When at any time you fly any one of thefe black or
tawny Hawks, and (he (loops foul and falls in her
flight , you mull take her down with fome living
thing.
If (he be young, fuffer not her (or any other Hawk)
to {^y too long •, for nothing is more prejudicial ani
(Jirtalkful to a young Hawk at her firft making, than
to let her toil and m\ke many (tbopings before flie be
fervcd
rerved : by this diflike (he is induced to fly wide and
carelefly, and frequently to go away through difplea-
fure.
Now to the intent I may go on methodically , and
with as little confufion as may be, 1 (Jiall in the next
place here nominate what Hatvk^ I intend to treat of i
md in the fame order as I name them, in like manner |
ivill difcourfe of them. Take them thus :
Faulcoa^ "\ rTiercel-gctitle^
Gerfatilcofi, I ^ j Jerki^i^
Mylion, \ -^ j tkrcdy j
Merlin^ \ S ! Jack,^
IJ^LL.. < »- -^ v^hi.:
Hobby,
Gofharvkc ! H
Sparrow'harpkc \
Robbhiy
Tiercel^
Lamery J \^La(m?rctc
Here note, that the Female of all Birds of Prey are
much iarger, and of greater bulk than the Male, and
ire more ferviceable, being more watchful, hardy, and
bold : but of fuch Birds as do not Prey, the Cocks are
the larger.
The Faulcon, Gerfaulcon^ Mylion^ Merlin, and Hobby
3o (loop and fcize their Prey with their Foot, breaking
with their beak the Neck-bone of the Fowl, without
Dluming or tiring thereupon till the Fowl hath left
3uskingand bating on the foot.
The Gofhawk^ with her Male the 7'iercel, and the
Sparrcw'hawk^, kiW their Game by ftrength and force of
iVing at random, and do inftantly plume and tire upon
their Prey,
3] <¥.
to f)f ipmh^ antJ 5)atBltinir.
T
Of the Faulcon.
Here are feven kinds of Faulcons^ vii.
Faulcon-gentle^ "^ C Gerfjulcon,
HaggardfdulconJ ) ^<»kc^-,
Barbary or Tarta- r ^ Lanner^ and
ret-fanlcon, j {jTnnkian,
The ¥ aulcon-gemle is fo called foy her familiar cour-
teous difpofition-, (he is withal valiant, ftrong, and
better able to endure any fort of weather than any o-
ther Hawk.
She hath a natural inclination and love to fly the
Hern every way, either from her Wings to the down-
come , or from the Fift and afore-head. She is mofi'
excellent at the Brook or River,efpecially at large Fowl.
as the Shoveler, Wild-goofe, &c. If llie be an Eyefs.
you may venture her at the Crane ••, otherwife Ih^'
will not be fo hardy and bold. Where note , Havvks
prove valiant or cowards according as they are firft
iquarried : and if you take them out of the Eyrie be-
iForc they are fully fummed and hard penned, you mufti
never expc<ft their Wings fliould grow to perfedtioni*
but their Legs will be apt to wear crooked, and theiri
Train, their long Feathers and their Flags alfo wiijl
be full of Taints.
in the choice of your Faulcon , obfcrve that (lie
have wide Narcs> high and large Eye-lids j a great
black Eye \ a round Head, fornewhat full on the top i
a (hort, thick, az'uc Beak \ and indifferent high Neck i
baib Feathers iinder the clap oi the Beak •» a good
large,
large, round, fleOiy Bread : let her be ftrong, hard,
and Oiff bonded , broad-fhouldercd ^ having llender
Sail?, full Sides, long and great Thighs \ ftrong and
(hort Arms i large Feet , with the Sear of the Foot
foft and blewifhi black Pounces » long Wings, and
croffing the Train, which Train muft be (hort and ve-
ry pliable.
Hereobferve, thatFaulcons of one kind differ much,
and are diverfly named, according to the time of their
firft Reclaiming, places of Haunt, and Countries from
whence they come '-, as Mervd-Havphr , Kammage"
Hawkj-> Soar-I-lan>ks-, Eyejfes : and thefe again are di-
vided into large Hawks, mean Hawks, and flender
Hawks. All thefe have different Males and Plumes,
according to the nature of the Countries from whence
they come » as fome are black, fom.e blank, or ruffet :
and they differ in difpofition i fome are bert for the
Field, others for the River.
Names are beftowed on a Faukon according to her
Age or Taking.
The fir(t is an Eye//, which Name lafts as long as flis
is in the Eyrie. Thefe are very troublcfome in their
feeding, do cry very much, and are difficultly entred »
but being well entred and quarried, prove excellent
Hawks for the Hcra^ River, or any fort oi Fowl , and
are hardy and full of mettle.
The fecond is a Kammage-faulcon , and referves the
name after ihe hath left the Eyrie, being fo called May^
Jime^ July^ and Augttji, Thefe are hard to be manned,
but being well reclaimed, they are not inferiour to any
Hawk.
The third is a Soar-havp)^ (b called September^ O&o-
bcr and November. The firll Plumes they have when
they forfake the Eyrie , they keep a whole year before
they mew them, which are called Soar-feathers.
The fourth is termed Mmzarolt , ( the lateft tqrm
[b 4] is
is Carvrfl, as much a=; to fay, C^rr)» o« the Fiji : ) they
are fo called January^ February^ March^ April ^ and till
the middle ot Mjy, during which time they mull be
kept on the Fift. They are for the moft part very great
Baters, and therefore littlceaters : They are bad Hawks,
fiCquently troubled with Filanders and worms, and are
rarely brought to be good for any thing.
The fifth arc called Emcr-mevpj^ from the middle
of May^ to the' latter end of Vecember. They are fo
called becaufe they caft their Coats. They were ex-
cellent Hawks, "could they be trufted •, therefore they
ir.urt be kept hard under, and muft make your Fift theit
Pearch. Having difcours'd of' the Names and Nature
of the Faulcon, I next come to his Manning, Luring,
Flights, and Mewing in every condition : which courfe"
1 (liall orderly take in my enfuing difcourfe of the other
Hawks I have onely named heretofore. And becaufe
what Difeafes or Cafualfiesare incident to one are like-
wife to all, I (hall put their Cures at the latter end all to-
gether.
Cf the Manning, Luring, Flights and Mew-
ing cf a Fauicon, with other things pro-
perly he longing to an Oflrager.
Having taken a Faulcon, you mu(^ Seel her, in (uch
manner, rhar as the Seeling flackens, the Faulcon may^
be able to fee what provifion is ftraight before her;
which fhe will better fee fo than any other wayt and
be fure you Seel her not too hard .
A Hawk newly taken ought to have all new Furni-
ture, as new JcfTcs of good Leather , mailed Leafes
with Buttons at the end, and newBewets. You muft
have a fmall round iHck likewife hanging in a ftring,
with which yoa muft ficqu':ntly (Iroak your Kawk :
■ • •• the
he oftncr you do it, the fooner and better you will
man her. She muft have two good Bells, that (he
may the better be found and heard when (he either ftir-
eth or fcratteth : Her Hood muft be well fafliioned,
raifed and bofled againft her Eyes, deep, and yet ftraight
enough beneath, that it may the better faften about her
Head without hurting her ; and you muft cope a little
her Beak and Talons, but not fo near as to make them
bleed.
Take notice, if you take a Soar-faulcon which hath
already paft the Seas, although ftie be very hard to be
reclaim'd, yet ftie is the beft of Faulcons.
Her food muft be good and warm twice or thrice a
day, until (he be full gorg'd j which food muft be ei-
ther Pigeons, Larks, or other live Birds : and the rea-
fon is, becaufe you muft break her by degrees off from
her accuftomed feeding.
When you feed her, you muft whoop and lure as you
do when you call a Hawk, that (he may know when
you will gisre her meat.
You muft unhood her gently, giving her two or three
bits ■■) and putting on her Hood again, you muft give
her as much more, and be fure that (he be dofe Seeled :
and after three or four days leffen her diet : and when
you go to bed, fet her on fome Pearch by you, that
you may awaken her often in the night. Thus you
muft do till you obferve her grow tame and gentle :
iiid when you find (he begins to feed eagerly, then
^ive her a Sheep's-heart. And now you may begin to
anhobd her by day-time, but it muft be far from com-
pany j firft giving her a bit or two, then hood her a-
^ain gently, and give her as much more. Be fure not
0 afright her v/ith any thing when you unhood her^
\nd when you perceive her to b; acquainted with com-
pany, and that (he is (harp fet, unhood her, and give
ifr fome meat, holding her ju't again(\ )Qur Face and,
! ■ '^ Eyes,
24 f)f ipaMiS aiiti rpaMirtn:.
Eyes , which will make her lefs afraid of the counte-
nances of others. If you can, reclaim her without
over-watching.
You muft bear her continually on the Fift till (he be
throughly Manned , cauling her to feed in company,
giving her in the Morning about Sun-rifing the Wing
of a Pullet , and in the Evening the Foot of a Coney
or Hare cut off above the joynt, flay'd and laid in Wa-
ter > which having fqucez'd, give it her with the Pini-
on of a Hen's Wing.
For two or three days give her wafht meat, and then
Plumage, according as you think her foul within. li
(he Cali, hood her again , and give her nothing till rtic
Gleam after her Calling : having gleamed and calkd,
then give her a beaching of hot meat in company •, and
towards the Evening let her plume a Hen's VVing in
company alfo.
If the Feathers of her Calling be foul or (limy, and
of a yellowilh complexion, then be fure to cleanfe her
well with wafht meat and Catting : if clean within,
give her gentle Cartings, as the Pinions of an old Hens
Wing, or the Neck-bone chopped four or five times
between the joynts , waftit and fteeped in fair Wa-
ter.
Having well reclaimed her, throughly manned her,
and made her eager and (harp fet, then you may ven-
ture to feed her on the Lure.
But before you (hew her the Lure , you muft confi-
der thefe three things : i . That (he be bold in and
familiar with company, and no ways afraid of Dogs
and Horfes. 2. That (he be (harp fet and hungry,
regarding the hour of the Morning and Evening vvhwi
you will Lure her, 3. And lallly , (he muft be clean
within, and the Lure muft be well garnifhed with meat
on both fides, and you muft abfcond your felf when you
intend to give her the length of the Leafc.
You
(Df ?)afeH0 anti ^nMiniy* 25
You muft firrt unhood her, giving her a bit or two
on the Lure as (he fitteth on your Fill : aftevwards take
the Lure from her, and fo hide it that (he fee it notj
and when (be is unfeized-calt the Lure fo near her that
(he may catch it within the length of her Leafe. When
(he hath feiz'd it, ufe your voice according to the cu-
jftome of Faulconers, and feed her upon the Lure on
I the ground with the Heart and warm Thigh of a Pul-
' let. Having fo lured her, in the Evening give her
I bat a little meat i and let this luring be fo timely,
that you may give het Plumage and a Jucl^ of 3^
joynt.
In the Morning betimes taHe her on your Fift , and
when (lie hath caft and gleamed, give her a little beach-
ing of warm meat. Towards Noon take a Creance
and tie it to her LeaCe, and go into Tome pleafant Field
or Meadow, and give her a bit or two on the Lure j
then unfeixe her : and if you find (he is (harp fet , and
hath feized on the Lure eagerly, then give her fome one
to hold, to let her oft to the Lure *, then unwind the
Creance, and draw it after you a good way, and let
him which holds the Hawk hold his right hand on the
Taffel of the Hawks Hood in readinefs , fo that he may
unhood her alToon as you begin to lure : and if (lie come
well to the Lure, and Hoop upon it roundly, and feize
it eagerly, then let her eat two or three bits thereon i
ithen unfeize her and take her off the Lure, hood her,
and deliver her to him again that held her, and going
farther oif lure her, feeding her as before with the accu-
fi:omed voice. Thus lure her every day farther and far-
ther off, till (he is accufiomed to come freely and eager-
ly to the Lure.
After this, lure her In company, but have a care that
nothing affright her: and when you have ufed h:r to
the Lure on foot, then lure her on Horfe-bick ',
which you may effed: the fooner , by caulm£ H ''■f<^-
nien
men to be about you when you lure her on foot i alfo
you may do it the fooner by rewarding her upon the
Lure on Horfe-back among Horfemen. When this
way (he grows familiar, let fome body afoot hold the
Hawk, and he that is on Horfe-back muft call and caft
the Lure about his Head \ then muft the holder take oft
the Hood by the Taflel : and if (he feize eagerly on the
Lure without fear of Man or Horfe, then take off the:
Creance, and lure her at a greater diftance. And if youi
would have her love Dogs as well as the Lure, call Dogs .
when you give her Tiring or Plumage,
Of Bathing a Faulcon lately reclaimed \
how to fnake her Flying , and to
hate the Check.
Having wcan'd your Faulcon from her Rammage-
fooleries , being both ways lured, rewarded, andl
throughly reclaimed, offer her fome Water to bathe
her felf in, in a Bafon wherein fhe may ftand up to
the Thighs , chufing a temperate clear day for thac
purpofe. Then having lured your Hawk, and rewar-
ded her with warm meat, in the morning carry her
to fome Bank, and there hold her in the Sun till (be
hath endewed her Gorge, taking off her Hood that
(he may prune and pick her felf : that being done,
hood her again, and fet her near the Bafon, and taking
off her Hood, let her bathe again as long as (he plea-
feth : After this, take her up, and let her pick her felf
as before, and then feed her. If flie refufe the Bafon to
bathe in, (hew her fome fraall River or Brook for that
purpofe.
By this ufe of bathing (he gains ftrength and a (harp^
appetite, and thereby grows bold : but that day where-
in (he batheth give her no wafhtmeat.
If
If you would make your Faulcon upwards, the nexc
ay aftfer (he hath bath'd get on Horfeback , either in
the Morning or Evening , and chufe out fome iicld
wherein arc no Rooks or Pidgeohs ^ then take yout
Lure well garnifhed on both fides , and having utt-
looded your Hawk^^ give her a bit at two on the Lure,
then hood her : afterwards go leifurely agsinft the
Wind , then unhood her : and before flie bate , or
"indany Check in her Eye, whiftle her off from your
7i[{ fairly and foftly. As (he flieth about you, trot on'
►vith your Horfe, and caft out your Lure, not fuffering
ler to fly long about you at firft : continue thus doing
VIorning and Evening for feven or eight days. But
fyou find your Hawk unwilling to fly about youot
lloop to the Lure, then rnuft you let her fly with fome
iHarfl^thzt loves the company of others, and will not
rove at any change or check j and that mu(t firft" be
iJone at the Partridge, for they will not fly far before
:he Han>k- If (he hath flown twice or thrice, ca(t
JUt the Lure, ahd reward her on Horfeback. If the
Fowl you flew her at be killed by another Hawl{^^ let
ler feed with him a little, and then farther reward her
Dn the Lure.
If you would have your Faulcon prove upwards'
md a high-flying HarvJ^^ you muft let her fly with fuch
IS are fo qualified. If Ihc love the company of others,
ind is taught to hold in the Head, then if the Fowl be
in Pool, Pit, or Pia(h, caft off your high-flying Hawk^^
md let him that hath your new-lur'd Hawk^ get under
:h€ Wind, and when he feeth his advantage, let him
jnhood her > and if (he bate, then it is to get up to the
DtherH^jtrJ^
Let him then caft her off , and before ftie get up to
:hc other rtcar his full pitch, lay out the Fowl : if ftie
sill her Garne, reward her with the Heart, and let her
baiticipate of the Breaft with the other Harvkf*
-To
28 ©f i)mk^ aitti 5)atuitmo:.
■ To take your Faulcon from going out to any Check,
thus you mufi: do : If (he hath kill'd a Check, and hath
fed thereon before you could con[ie in, rebuke her not
feverely at firft, but take her down to the Lure, give her
a bit or two, hood her, and fly her not in three or four
dayss and if you do, let it be where no Checks arc :
but if you come in before (he hath tafted the Check (he
hath killed, then take the Gall of an Hen , and anoint
the Breath of that Check (he hath killed, (any other bit-
ter thing will do) and this will make her hate to go at
Check again.
flow to enfeam a Faulcon ivith her Cajihgs
and Scowrings.
When you feed your Faulcon, call and lure as if you
called her to the Lure, [and every day profer her Watery
and every night give her Caftings accordingly as (he
cndcweth. Take off her Hood frequently in company v
and that you may hinder her from bating, hold always
the Hood ready by the TafTt^l in your hand.
In the Evening by candle-light take off her Hoodl
among company, until (he Pvouie and Mewt *, then fct
her on the Pearch, and not before, fetting a light before
her.
Every Faulcon ought to have a Mj%« Harvhjio teach
her to hold in the Head: if that will not do, cut off
fome part of her two Principals in each Wing, the
long Feather and that next to it, which will force her
to hold in.
Be fure to reward your H4n'jl;_well at the beginning,
and let her feed well on the Quarry i which will fo en-
courage her, that (he will have no fancy to go out to
the Check. When (he is well in bloud and well quar-
ried, then let her fly with other Haxfk^t,
Of rpaMj5 aim 5)aMmff, 2^
If you would make your Faulcon to the Crane , her
Lure liiould be a counterfeit Crane. If you would
make her to the Hare, her Lure fliould be then a Hares
Skin ftuft with fome light matter : When fhe is well
lured, and you would enter her, tie the Hares Skin fo
Oufttothe end of a Creance,and fallen it to your Sad-
dle-pummel, by which means when you gallop it will
refemble a running Hare : then unhood your Han>k,^
and cry, B^ck^ with the Dogs , back^ n>ith the Dogs,
When you find (he hath Ceizcd it , let go your
Creance,and fuffer her to fatten thereon •, then inftant-
ly reward her upon it, and encourage her as much as is
poffiblc.
When (he is well entred after this manner , take a
living Hare and break one of her hinder Legs , and
having before well acquainted your Faulcon with your
Dogs by continual feeding among them, I fay then put
your Hare out in fome fair place with your Dogs, and
the Faulcon will ftoopand ruff her until the Dogs may
take her i then take the Hare from the Dogs , and
cart her out to the Faulcon , crying , Back,, back^
there.
If you would make your Hawk flying to the Par-
tridge or Phea(ant after (he is reclaimed and made,
then- every time you lure her, caft yourLuie into fome
low Tree or Bufli, that (he may learn to take the Tree
or Stand : if ftie take the Stand before (he fees the
Lure, let her ftand a while \ and afterwards draw the
Lure out before her, and cry with what words you
have acquainted her to underftand you by» and then re-
ward her well. After this manner the will learn to take
Stand.
Feed her always on the ground, or in fome thick
place s for in fuch places (he mull encounter with the
Pheafant at Pearch.
At firft fly with her at young Pheafant or Partridge,
to
5b SDf ipaMjS aitH ^aftjfeinff.
to encourage her by advantage , dnd afterwards at the
old.
If a Faulcon will riot take Stand, but keep on the
Wing, then muft you fly her in plain places where you
ttiay always fee her upon you.
Draw yoUr Faulcon out of the Mew t\^enty days
before yOu Enlearh her: If (he trufs and carry , the
remedy is to cope her Talons, her Powlfe and Pctty-
(ingle.
Never reward your Harvk upon River-fowl but
upon the Lure, that (he may the better love and cftcem
thereof.
The Crane ought to be flown at before Sun-rifing v'
for (he is a flothful Bird, and you may ca(^ off to her a
Ca(\ or Leafe of Faulcons, or a Gofhawk from the Fifl,
without Dogs. You mu(\ fly but once a day at the
Crane, after which you rauft reward your Hawk very
well, ever fuccouring her with a Grey-hound, which is'
the beft of Dogs for that purpofe.
Give your Faulcon a Beaching very early in the
morning, and it will make her very eager to fly when'
it is time for it.
If you would have her a high-flying H^wfe, you muft
not feed her highly, but flie fhould be fed nine days to-.,
gtther before Sun-rifing, and at night late in the cool of
the Evening.
The Faulcon will kill the Hern naturally if (he be a
Peregrin or Traveller : yet you will do well to give her
Trains.
A Faulcon may fly ten times in a day at a River,
if the feafon be not extreami but more is inconve-
nient.
A H^'j^i^ ought to have forty Caflings before (he be
perfcdly made. And indeed all HajvJ^r ought to have.
Ca/iings every night, if you would have them clean
and found : for Haivkj which have not this continual
rto^ur-
hoi^urnajl Carting will be furcharged with abundance
of fuperfluous Humours, which afcending to the Brainy
bred fo great a dirturbance that they cannot fly fo high
as otherways they would. And it is good to give
them Tiring or Plunnage at night , efpecially field-
Hanokf, but not Kivct-Harfh j ^or fear of weakning
their Backs.
When your HjmJ^hath flown or {)ated, feed her noC
fo long as (he panteth, (but let, her be firft in breath a-
gain *, ) otherways you may bring her into a Difeafe
called the PantJt^
If a Fauicon or other Hatvk will not Seize not
Gorge, take the Quill of a Wild-goofe, and tie it un-
der her long Single i then will (he Seize and Gripe.
When (he beginneth to feize, take away the faid Quiillj
and (he will feize long afterwards.
If you cannot give Covert to your Fauicon or Go^*
hawk, then ca(t her off with the Sun in her back*
When you draw your H<in7j^ out of the Mew, if (he
te greazie , ( which you (hall know by her round fat
Thighs aind her full Body, the flelh being round, and
ashigh ash?r Breart-bone)and if (he be well mew'd,
and have all her Feathers fummed, then give her ac
feeding-time in the morning two or three bits of hot
meat s and at night give her lefs , unlefs it be very
cold i and if (he feed well and without compulfion,
give her wa(ht meat. Thus prepared, take the Wings of
a Hen for her Dinner and waih them in two Waters^
In the mof ning give her the Legs of a Hen very hot,
at Noon meat temperately warm, a good Gorge y theri
let her fall till it be late in the Evening, If (he have
put ovet her meat , and there is nothing left in het
Gorge, then give her Warm meat, as in the morning.
Thus diet her till it be convenient to give her Plu-
mage , the which yo\i may know by thefe tokens :
Firlt, the f'lelh of the end of the Pinion of the H^wi^s
I [c] Wing
3 2 Of ^aM0 ant! ^aMinn:.
Wing will fecm fofter and tenderer than it did before
(he did eat waflit meat. Secondly, if her Mewts be
white, and the black thereof be very black, and not
^ mingled with any other colour. Laftly , if (he be
(harp fet, and ^doth plume eagerly, you may give her
Ca(ting either of a Hare's or Coney^s Foot, or the
fmall Feathers on the joynt of the Wing of an old
Hen.
Having fet her on the Pearch, fweep clean under-
neath, that you may fee whether the Mewt be full of
ftreaks, or skins, or ilimy : if it be, then continue this
fort of Catiing three or four nights together i but if
you find the Feathers dige(^ed and foft , and that her
Caiiing is great, then take the neck of an old Hen, and
cut it between the joynts, then lay it in cold water,
and give it your Faulcon three nights together , in the
day-time give her wafht meat, after this Cafling or
Plumage, as you (hall fee requifite : and this will bear
all down into the Pannel.
When you have drawn her out of the Mew, and her
principal Feathers are fummed,give her no walht meats,
bdt quick Birds with good Gorges, and fet her out in
open places.
General hflru^iofis for an Oflrager
or Faulconer,
LEt his Jejfes and Ben^ttj be of good Leather, ha-
ving Bells big and (hrill according to the propor-
tion of the Hjwi<, with a Hood that is bofTcd at the
Eye*;, and fizablc for the Head.
He muft ufe his Haw^in fuch manner, that he may
make her grow familiar with him alone or in company,
and
£)f ?)auj|i0 anti rpaMu'nn* 33
and to that end he muft often unhood and hood IVer a-
gain.
in nine nights the Faulconer ought not to let his
Hawk^Jouk at all, nor fuffcr her to pearch, bat keep her
during that time continually on his Fili
When the Faulconer would call his Hau>\. let him
fet her on the Pearch, unhood her, and (hew her fome
meat within his Fift, call her fo long till (he come to it^
then feed her therewith : if (he come not, let her ftand
without food till (he be very (harp fet. Obferve this
order for about nine days.
When you would lure her give her fome man to
hold, and call her with a Lure well garnilht with
meat on both fides, and give her a bit : ufe her to this
fix orfeven days \ then caufe her to be held farther:
from you , and call: the Lure about your Head , and
throw it on the ground a little way from you : if llie
come to it roundly, reward her bountifully. Having
ufed her to this fome cei-tain days, take your Lure gar-
nifhed as aforefaid, and every day call her to you as far
as it is poiTible for her to fee or hear you, and let her be
loofe from all her Furniture, without Loins or Creance«
If (lie come freely, reward her, and Hop her now and
then in her feeding \ for that will make her come the
better. You may do well to flop the Lure upon her
fometimes, and let her fly upon you. Here note, it is
requifitc to bathe her before you take this courfe, left
when Qie is at liberty (lie rangle to fee Water, and in
the mean time you lofe your H.aYo\\ wherefore bathe
her every feven or eight days, tor her nature requireth
it.
When you have thus manned, reclaimed, and lured,
your Hawi^^ go out with her into the fields, and whi-
file her off your Fill, (land lUli to fee what (lie will
do, and whether (he will rake out or not: but if (he
^y round about you, as a good Han\ ought to do, let
[q 2] hei
3 4 Of ?)atDfe0 aitti S)aiufemo:*
her By a turn or two, and fling her out the Lure , and
let her foot a Chicken or Pullet, and having killed it,
let her feed thereon.
Unhood her often as you bear her i continue fo doing
till (he hath endewed and mewted fufficiently.
Your H^wj^being thus made and manned,go abroad
with her every morning when it is fair , and let the
place where you intend to fly her be plaftly, or fome
narrow Brook \ and when you caft her off, go into the
Wind fo far, that the Fowl may not discover you.
When (he is caft off, and beginneth to recover her Gate,
make then to the Brook or Pla(h where the Fowl lie,
always making your Harvk^ to lean in upon you : and
when you fee her at a reafonable pitch, (her Head being
in 3 lay out the Fowl, and land it if you can •, and if
you cannot, take down your Hawk^ , and let her kill
fome Train ■» to which end you muft always carry fome
live P'owl with you,asa Duck.d^c. And having flipt one
of her Wing feathers, thrutt it through her Nares, and
caft her up as high as you can underneath your Hawk^
that (he may the better know your hand.
If you would have your H^wv^fly at one particular
Fowl more than at another, you muft then feed her
well upon a Train of the fame kind, as thus: Take a
Creancc, and tie that Fowl you would accuftom her to
fly to by the Beak, with meat on her Back, and caufe
one to ftand clofe that (hall hold the Creance \ then
ftanding afar off, unhood your Harvk^ and let the Fowl
be ftirred and drawn with the Creance until your Hjrpj^
perceive it Itir ■, and if (he foot it, make another Train
thus: Take a living Fowl that can fly, half feel it and
caft it out i then let your Harvk^ fly to it j and if (he
kill it, reward her vrell upon it- ,
Of
Of the Rammage-faulcon.
If a Faulconer chance to recover a KammagC'hin\
ihat was never handled before, let him immediately
ftd her , and at that inftant put on her JefTes made of
Jfoft leather i at the end thereof fix twoVarvels,theone
may bear your Coat of Arms , the other your Name,
that if (he chance to be loft, they that take her up may
know where to return her: put her on alfo a pair of
Bells with two proper Bewets. Having thus furnilhed
her, you muft begin her manning by gentle handling.
To avoid the danger of her Bcak,you muft havea fmooth
Stick about half a foot in length, with which you m ift
ftroak your H<awi^ about the Pinions of her Wings, and
fo downwards thwart her Train. If ftie offer to fnap
at the Stick, withdraw not your hand, and let her bite
thereon,|the hardnefs whereof will foon make her weary
of that fport.
If you would man her well, you ftiould watch all the
night, keeping her continually on your Fift.
You muft teach her to feed feel'd i and haying a
great and eafie Rufter-hood, you muft hood and un-
hood her often , feel'd as ftie is , handling her gently
about the head, coying her always v/hen you unhood
her, to the intent fhe may not be difpleafed with her
Keeper.
Let her plume and tire fometimes upon a Wing on
your Fift, keeping her fo day and night, without pcar-
ching, until (he be weary, and will fufter you to hood
her without ftirring.
If your Hawl^hQ fo rammage that fhe will not leave
her fnapping orbiting, then take a little Aloes fuccotri-
na^ and when Ihe offers to fnap, give it her to bite •,
the bitterncfs whereof will quickly make her leave
that ill quality. Garlick I have heard will do the
[c 3] like,
3^ £)ri5)aM^aittJ!j)aMinfi:.
like , the ftrong fcent thereof being equally ofFen-
dve.
How to Hood a Harok.
Having feel'd your Han-J^ fit her with a large eafie
JHood, which you muft take off and put on very often,
watching her two nights , handling her frequently
and gently about the Head as aforefaid. When you
perceive (he hath no aveilion to the Hood , unfeel her
in an Evening by Candle-light *, continue handling her
foftly, often hooding and unhooding her , until fhe
takes no offence at the Hood, and will patiently endure
handling.
Take this Obfervatlon by the way , That it is the
duty of a Faulconer to be endowed with a great deal of
Patience •, and in the next place he ought to have a na-
tural love and inclination to Harvlsf » without thefe two
Qualifications, all the Profeflbrs of this Art will prove
M^r-Harvkr inliead of good Faulconers,
But to return where I left off: If your fcel'd Haivl^
feeds \vell, abides the Hood and handling without ftri-
If ing or biting, then by Candle-light in an Evening
xsnfeel her, and with your Finger and Spittle anoint the
place where the Seeling-thread was drawn through i'
ithen hood her, and hold her on your Fift all night, of-
ten hooding, unhooding, and handling her, (troaking
her gently about the Wings and Body, giving her fome-
times a bit or two, alfo Tiring or Plumage. Being well
reclaimed, let her lit upon a Pearch ■■> but every night
keep her on the Fill three or four hours , ftroaking,
hooding, and unhooding, &c. as aforefaid ; and thus
you may do in the day-time, when (be hath learn'd to
feed eagerly without tear.
flDf ip^M^ ant! ^aMm ty. 3 7
How to make a Hawk know your Voice , and
her own Feeding*
Having mannM your HarvkSo that (he feeds boldly,
acquaint her with your Voice, Whiftlc, and fuch words
as Faulconers ufe : you may do it by frequently repea-
ting them to her as (he is feeding on your Fi(i:,d'"c. But
I think the beft way of making her acquainted with
them, is by your experience and pradlice.
When (he feeds boldly, and knows your Voice and
Whi{tle,then teach her to know her Feeding,and to bate
at it in this manner : Shecv her fome meat with your
right hand,crying and luring to her aloud i if (he bate or
ftrike at it, then let her quickly and neatly foot it, and
feed on it for four or five bits. Do thus often, and (he
will know her Feeding the better.
After this, give her every night fome Cafiing either
of Feathers, or Cotton with Cloves or Aloes wrapt up
therein, &c, Thefe Gainings make a Harpk^ clean and
eager.
How to make your Hawk hold and venturous.
In the firfi: place, to make her hardy, you mufi: per-
mit her to Plume a Pullet or large Chicken in a place
where there is not much light : her Hood in a readi-
nefs, you mul^ have cither of the aforefaid alive in your
hand s then kneeling on the ground, luring and crying
aloud to her, make her plume and pull the Putlet a lit-
tle i then vvith your Teeth drawing the Strings, un-
hood her foftly, iuifering her to pluck it with her Beak
three or four times more i then throw out the Pullet
on the ground, and encourage her to feize it. When
you perceive (he breaks it and takes bloud, you muO;
[c 4] lure
lure and cry aloud to her, encouraging her all the ways
innaginable : then hood her gently, and give her Tiring
of the Wing or Foot of the faid Pullet.
Hovo to wake a Hawk know the l^ure.
Your Havpk having three qr four tirpes thus killed a
Pullet or large Chicken in fome fecrct pla^e, then thus
teach her to know the Lure.
Having faftned a Pullet unto your Lure, go apart,
giving your H^jr^unto another, who muft draw loofe
the firings of her Hood in readinefs : Being gone a
little way, take half the length of the String , and caft
it about your Hea^, luring with your voice at the farac
titne \ then let your Jija?J^be unhooded as you are
throwing your Lure a little way froro her, not ceafing
luring all the while. If (]ie ftoop to the Lure and
feize, fufferher to plume the Pullet , O.ill coying and
Iqfing vyith your voices then let her feed on the Pul-
jet upon the Lure : After that, take her on your Fif?
together with her meat, then hood her, and let her tire
as aforefaid. And thus you may teach her to come by
degrees to a very great diftance.
IJqvo to make a Hawk flpng.
When your H^w^J^or Haggard-faulcon will come and
(loop to the Lure roundly without any fear or coynefs,
youmuft put her on a great pair of Luring-bells j the
like you muft do to a Soar-hawk^: by fo much greater
mufi the* Bells be, by how much your Harvk^is giddy-
headed, and apt to lake out at Check.
That being done, and fhe (harp fet, go in a fair mor-
ning into fome large Field on Horfeback, which Field
muii; be very little incumbred with Wood or Trees :
having your Uawk^on your Fift, ride up into the wind,
and
f5f ^m%^ anti !!)ait)lttng. 39
and having loofned her Hood, whiftle foftly to provoke
licr to fly » and then you will obfervc (he will begin to
feate, or at leaft to flap with her Flags and Sails, aiid to
raife her felf on your Fift : then fuffer her until (he rouze
or Mewt : when the hath done either of them, unhood
her, and let her fly with her Head into the Wind >
for thereby (he will be the better able to get upon the
Wing i then vyill (he naturally ciimbe upwards, flying
in a circle.
When (he hath flown three or four Turns, then cry
and lure with your Voice, cafl;ing the Lure about your
head, unto which you mu(t fir(i tie a Pullet : and if
your Faulcon come in and approach near you, thencaft
eut the Lure into the Wind •■, and if (heftoop to it, re-
Ward her as before.
There is one great fault you will often find in the
making of a Hi^w^flying, and that is , when (he flieth
from the Fi(i (he will not get up, but take ftand on the
ground i a frequent fault in Soar-faulcons. You muft
then fright her up with your Wand, riding in to heri
gnd when you have forced her to take a Turn or two,
tlake her down to the Lure and feed her. But if this
do no good, then you muft have in readinefs a Duck
fccled, fo that (he may fee no way but backwards, and
that will make her mount the higher. This Duck you
muft hold by one ot the Wings near the body in your
right hand, then lure with your voice to make your
Faulcon turn the head : when (he is at a rcafonabfe
pitch, caft up your DucH juft under her, that (he may
perceive it : if (he ftrike, (loop,, or trufs the Duck, per-
mit her to kill it, and reward her, giving her a reafona-
ble Gorge. Ufe this cuftom tvyice or thrice, and your
Hawk^ will leave the Stand , delighting on the Wing,
and will become very obedient.
Here note, that fotthe firft or fccond time it is not
cpnvenient) (o fticw" your Hawi^^xcn or large Fowl,
the
40 flDf ^aMg ann 5)aMittD:*
for it often happens that they flip from the Hawkinto
the wind s the H^n^jl^^not recovering them, raketh after
them, which puts the Faukoner to much trouble, and
frequently occafions thclofs of his Hawh^
But if it fo chance that your H^B^i^fo rake out with
a Fowl that fhe cannot recover it , but gives it over
and comes in again diredly upon you , then caft out a
feeled Duck h and if (he (loop and trufs it , crofs the
Wings, and permit her to take herpleafure, rewarding
heralfo with the Heart , Brains, Tongue, and Liver,
For want of a quick Duck , take her down with the
dry Lure, and let her plume a Pullet, and feed her up-
on it.
By fo doing, your Han?h^ will learn to give over a
Fowl that rakes out, and hearing the Lure of the Faul-
coner, will make back again to the River, and know
the better to hold in the Head.
A Flight for a Haggard.
When you intend a Flight for a Haggard , for the
firft,fecond, and third time, make choice of fuch a
place where there are no Crows, Rooks , or the like,
to take away all occ^fion of her raking out after fuch
Check.
Let her not fly out too far on head at the firft, but run
after and cry, Why lo^ why lo^ to make her turn Head.
When (he is come in , take her down with the Lure,
unto which muft be faftned a live Pullet , and let her
Tire, Plume, and feed as aforefaid.
Sometimes a Haggard out of pride and a gadding
humour will rangle out from her Keeper : then clog
her with great Luring- bells, and make her a Train or
two with a Duck feeled, to teach her to hold in and
know her keeper : take her down often with the dry
Lure, and reward her bountifully, and let her be ever
well
£)f rpatDk^ ann 5)atDitiuff^ 41
well in bloud, or you may whoop for your Haa>\to
no purpofe.
Horn to wake a Soar-faulcon or Haggard ki//
her Game at the very firji.
If (he be well lured, flieth a good Gate, and ftoopeth
well, then caft off a well-quaried Han>kc ^"d let her ftoop
a Fowl on Brook or Plafli, and watch her till ftie put
it to the plunge : then take down your Mak^-HawJ^^
reward her, hood her, and fet her > fo you may ntiake
ufe of her if need require.
Thentakeyour H^jH'J^un'entred, and going up the
wind half a Bow-(hot , unloofe her Hood , and foftly
whiftle her off your Fift , until (he have rouzed or
mewtcd : then let her fly with her Head into the
wind, having firft given notice or warning to the
company to be in readinefs againft the Hawk^ be in a
good Gate, and to ftiew Water , and to lay out the
Fowl.
When (he is at a good pitch, and covering the Fowl,
then notifie that all the company make in at once to
the Brook upon the Fowl, to land her : if your Faulcon
ftrike, ftoop, or trufs her Game, run in to help her, and
crolling the Fowls Wing,let her take her pleafure there-
on.
If (he kill not the Fowl at firft (looping, give her
then refpite to recover her Gate. When (he hath got
it, and her Head in, then lay out the Fowl as aforefaid,
until you land it at lafi: •, nor forgetting to help her
as foon as (he hath feized it, giving alfo her due Re-
ward, N
Remedy
42 g)f pais^u artn DmMns,
Remedy for a Hawk'j takhg Stand in a Tree,
In the firft place you rauft chufe fuch places where
are no Wood or Trees, or as little as may be. If you
cannot avoid it, then have two or three live Trains,
and give them to as many men, placing them conve-
niently for to ufe them. When therefore your Hatvl^
hath riooped, and endeavours to go to ftand, let him
to whom the Hawk^ moft bends caft out his Train-
Duck feeled : if the Haw^^WxW her, reward her there-
with. \i this courfe will not remedy that fault in her
by twice or thrice fo doing, my advice is then to part
with the Buzzard,
How to help cf, Hawk frovoard and coy through
pride ofGreafe.
There is a fcurvy quality in feme Harvh/, proceeding
from pride ofGreafe, or being high kept, which is a
difdainful coynefs. Such a H^wj^ therefore muft not be
re\yajded although (he kill i yet give her leave to plume
a little i and then let the Faulconer take a Sheeps-
Heart cold, or the Leg of a Pullet, and whilft the Haw}^
is bufie in pluming, let either of them be conveyed into
the Body of the Fowl, that it may favour thereof > and
when the HawJ^ hath eaten the Brains, Heart, and
Tongue of the Fowl, then take out your Inclofure, and
call your H^jpj^with it to your Fiii, and feed her there-
with : after this give her fome Feathers of the Neck of
the Fowl to fcowr and make her cart.
T#
To-make ^ Hawk hold in her Head, and
not mind Check.
Take a piece of a Leafe , and faften it to your Lure-
firing, the other end to the Wing of a Pidgeon, which
you may put in and pull out of your Hawking-bag at
your conveniency : when you find your Hawk^ apt to
go out, (hew your Pidgeon. I would not have you ufe
it often i for it draws a Wrvk from her place if well
flown.
How to centime and keep a Hawk in h6r
high-flying.
If your Han>\ be a ftately high-flying Happ}^^ you
ought not to engage her in more flights than one in a
morning : for often flying brings her off from her
(lately pitch. If ihe be well made for the River, fly her
not above twice in a morning > yet feed her up though
(he kill nor.
When a high-flying H^imj^ being whittled to, gathers
upwards to a great gate, you muft continue her there-
in, never flying her but upon broad Waters and open
Rivers \ and when (he is at the higheft, take her down
with your Lure i where when (he hath plumed and
broken the Fowl a little, then feed her up, and by that
means you (hall maintain your Faulcon high-flying, in-
wards, and very fond of the Lure.
Some will have this high-flying Faulcon feldom to
kill, and not to floop : yet if (he kill every day, al-
though (he (loop from a high Gate , yet if flie be not
rebuked or hurt therewith, (he will, I can affure you,
become a higher flier every day than other i but (he
will grow kfs fond of ^c Lure. Wherefore your
44 c>f ^atufe0 am ^Mkm.
high-flying Hi w/^j- fhould be made inwards, it being a
commendable quality in them to make in and turn head
at the fecond or third tofs of the Lure , and when (he
poureth down upon it as iffhe had killed.
And as the teaching of a Faulcon , or any other <
H^wi^ to come readily to and love the Lure, is an art
highly commendable, bccaufe it is the effedt of great
labour and induftry : fo it is the caufe of favingmany
a Hatvk^^ which otherways would be loft irrecovera-
bly.
Mark this by the way, that fome naturally high-fly-
ing Hatv}{f will be long before they be made upwards,
ftill fifliingand playing the flugs '•> and when they (hould
get up to cover the Fowl, they will rtoop before the
Fowl be put out : And this may proceed from two
caufes. In the firft place , flie may be too (harp fet ,
and in the next place, it may be (he is flown untimely,
either too foon or too late.
when you fee a Han>k^ ufe thofe evil Tatches with-
out any vifible caufe , caft her out a dead Fowl for a
dead Quarry, and hood her up inftantly without Re-
ward, todifcoarageher from pradtifing the like ano-
ther time : half an hour afterwards call her to the Lure
and feed her, and ferve her after this manner as often
as flie h(heth in that fa(hion.
Bcfides, to Qoiicdi this errour,the Faulcorter ought to
confult the natures and difpofitions of his Hawk/ , and
(hould carefully obferve which fly hii;h when in good
plight, and which beft when they are kept low •, which
when Qiarpeft fet, and which on the contrary in a mean
between both ", which early at Sun-iifing, which when
the Sun is but two hours hij^h j which fooner, and
which later in an evening.
For know that the natures of Harvkj are diflcrent*
Co are the time to fly each one : for to fly a Hawl^ in
her Dioper times, and to fly her out of ir, is as difagvee-
^ ' abia^
€)f |)aM0 anti ?)aMmcr* 45
able as the flight of a Gerfaulcon and a Buzzard. There-
fore the Oftrager mult fly his Hawk/ according to their
natures and difpoiitionsj keeping them always in good
Older.
Where by the by take notice , all Hanok/, as well
Soar-han>k/ as Mew'd-hawkj and Haggards , fliould be
fetout in the Evening two or three hours, fome more,
fome lefs., having refpedl to their nature as it is ftrongcr
or weaker '-, and in the morning alfo according as they
cafi:, hooding them iirfi:, and then fetting them abroad
a weathering, until you get on Hoiftback to profecutc
your Recreation.
A Flight for the Hern.
This Flight hath fefs of Art in it than Pieafure to
the beholders s and, to fay the truth, the Flight is late-
ly and molt noble.
As it is lefs difticult to teach a Havf\ to fly at Fowl
than it is to come unto and love the Lure, the Hr(t being
natural, and not the lalti fo there is lefs induliry to be
ufed in making a HatvhJ^f the Hern than Water- fowl.
To the flrlt Ihe is inltigated by a natural propenlity and
inclination \ to the latter the is brought with art, pains,
and much diligence.
At the beginning of Mjirch Hsrns begin to make
their Paffage : if therefore you will adapt your Faul-
cons for the Hern, you mult not let them fly longer at
the River, and withal you mult pull them down to
make them light *, which is done by giving them
Hearts and flelh of Lambs and Calves, alfo Chickens v
but give them no wild meats.
To the intent you may acquaint them one with the
other, fo that they may the better fly the Hern and
help one another, you mult call a calt of them to the
Lure at once » but have a care they crab not toge-
ther
4<5 flpf 5)aMj9i attn ^ato^ins:.
ther, for fo they may endanger one another in their
flight.
When your Hawk^ is fcowred and clean and ftiarp
fet,you nnuft then get a live Hern, upon the upper part
of whofe long (harp Bill you muft place a jioynt of ai
hollow Cane, which will prevent her from hurting the
tian^k^: that being done, tie the Hern in a Creance v
then fetring her on the ground, unhood your H^^n?^,
who will fly the Hern as foon as (hce fees her. If (he
feize her, make in apace to fuccour her, and let her
plume and take bloud of the Hern : then take the.
Brains, the Marrow of the Bones, and the Heart , ttn^
laying it on your Hawking-glove , give it your Faul-
con. After this, rip her Breali, and let your Hiwi^feed
thereon till (he be well gorged ; this being done, hood
her up upon the Hern , permitting her to plume at her
pleafure •-, then take her on your Fift^ and let her tire
on the Foot or Pinion.
Becaufe Herns are not very plentifiil, ybu tnay prc-
ferve one for a Train three or four times , by arming
Bill, Head, and Neck, and painting it of the farac
colour that the Hern is of: and when the Faulcon feiz-
eth her, you muft b^ very nimble to make in , and de-
ceive her by a live Pidgeon clapt under the Wing of
the Hern for the Faulcon , which mu(^ be her Re-
ward.
The Haaok^ having thus feveral tinges taken het
Train without difcovcry of the delulion , you may
then let the Hern loofe in fome fair Field without a-
Creance, or without arming her 2 when (he is up of a
reafonable heighr, you may cal\ oHT your Faulcon »
who if (he bind with the Hern and bring her down,-,
then make in apaCe to refcue her, thrulhng the Hern's '
Bill into the ground, and breaking his Wings and
Legs, that tlie Haxvl^ may with more eafe plume and
toot him. Then rewatd her as before, with the Brains^
Mar-
Marrow of the Bones, and Heart, making thereof an
Italian Soppa,
Thus much of a Train-Hern. Mow t.o fly the wild
Hern, it is thus : If you Hnd a wild Hern at Siege, win
in as nigh unto her as you can, and go with your
Harpk^under the Wind ■■, and havhig hvit loofed her
Hood in a readinefs, as foon as tlie Hern kaveth the
Siege, off with her Hood, and let her fly. If (he climb
to the Hern and bring her down, run in ^ as 1 faia be-
fore ) to refcue her, thrulling her Bill into the ground,
breaking her Wings and Legs, and rewarding her as
aforefaid on your Hawking-glovc*
.Now if your Faulcon beat not down the Hern, o£
do give him over, never fly your Faulcon again at a
Hern, unlefs with a Makc-harvh^ well cntrcd ', t'br the
Coward by this means, feeing another fly at the Hern
and bind with her, takes frclh courage. And it they
kill the Hern flying both together, then muft you re-
ward them both together while the Quarry is hot,-
making for them a Soppa as aforefaid. This is the
onely way to make them buih bold and pertecft Hern-
ers.
Of the HAGGARD-FAULCON,
ivhy fo called ; her good Shape and Fro-
perties : And ithat difference there u
hetween a Haggard and a Faul-
con-gencie.
THe Hjfr^ard is by fome called the VeY^grih-VauU
c<9;7, becaufe, fay (bme, fhe is brought from a
Country forrei'n and remote i and therefore others call
them '7rjveljers , or PaJJeii^rrr. But if there be no
ii C ^ ] '^^''^'^
48 S)f 5)aM!S aitH ^tcmin^.
other reafon for the name but this , all other Havpkj
coming from cxotick places might borrow that appel-
lation.'
Upon a threefold confideration , I conceive they are
called Haggard or Peregrin-fattlcons,
Fiift, becaufe their Eyrie was never found in any
Country by any man that ever I could hear or read
of. ^^
Secondly, becaufe thefe Faulcons rangle and wander
more than other Faulcon doth , ftill (eeking ftrange
and forreign Coafts i fo that where-ever they come they
may be juilly called Peregrins or Forreigners.
ihirdly, and l3ftly,(he never takes up her habitation
long in a place.
This Haggard is not inferiour to any other Faulcon,
but very tender, and cannot endure hard weather , fay
fome » but my expciience hath found it otherwife.
The reafon that may be allcadgcd is this i firrt, (Tie tra-
vels far, as a Stranger^ and comes into Countries com-
monly, in the hardeft time of the year : neiit, (he is a
hot Haxp}{^ which maybe gathered from her high fly-
ing, where the Air is much colder than below , and
therefore ought to be more hardy : lallly, fhe meweth
with niore expedition ( if (he once begin to cart her
Feathersj than other Faulcons do.
They arc of (hape like other Faulcons h but as to
mould they are of three forts, large, middlc-liz'd, and
little* fome long-(hapcd, fome (hort-truflcd i fomc
larger, fomc lefs.
They have a fourfold Mail , blank, ruffet, brown
and Turtle.
The goodnefs of her Shape conlifts in having her
Head plum'd dafk or blank , flat on the top with a
white Wreath environing the fame, a large blue ben-
ding Beak, wide Nares, a great black full Eye, high
lUtely Neck, large Bieafl, broad Shoulders ,* a great
Turtle-
Turtle-coloured Feather, long Veins and Sails, buc
ficnderihaped, a long Train, high Thighs, and white
on the Pendant Feathers, a large wide Koot, with ilen-
dcr Stretchers, and Talons tending fomcwhat to an
azure colour.
You may know her in her flight from another by
the ftirring of her Wingsifor (he ufeth no thick ftroak,
but getteth up to her Mountee leifurely , without any
great making out : befides (he may be known by- her
extraordinary large Sails.
The differences between the Haggard and Fatilcou"
gentle are thefe : # •
Firii, the Haggard is larger, being longer-armed
with longer Beak and Talons , having a higher Neck,
with a long and fair-feafoned Head.
Secondly, her Beam-feathers in flight are longer than
the Fanlcon- gentle 5 , her Train fomewhat larger : a-
gain, the Haggard hath a flat Thigh, and the other's
is round.
Thirdly, the Hagi^ard will lie longer on the Wing»
Fourthly , the Haggard at long flight exceeds the
Faulcon-gentle \ which la ft flieth with more fpeed from
the Fift than the other. For maintenance of Flight
and goodncfs of VVing the Haggard exceeds all other
Haivks.
Fifthly, and laflly, the Haggard is more deliberate
and advifcd in her Stooping than the Faukon-g€»tle^
who is more hot and hafly in her Actions, and wMXm^
the Fowl, is apt prefently to fly oh head at the Check.
[d 2] _ Gf
50 SDf pmh^ antJ !!)aMtttfi:.
0///;^ BARBARY-FAULCON.
THe Barbary, or, as fome call her, the Xartaret'
Faulcon-, is a Bird feldorn found in any Country,
and is called a PaJJcnger as well as the Haggard. They
are fomewhat leflcr than the T/frc?/-gc;7?/e, and plum'd
red under the Wings, ll:rong-armed, widi long Talons
and Stretchers.
* The Barhary-Faiikon is venturoufly bold, and you
may fly her vvith the Haggard all May and Jme.
They are Harvk/ very flack in mewing at firft •, but
when once they begin, they mew their Feathers very
faff.
They are called Barhary-Faidcons^ becaufethey make
their pafTage through that Country and Turnip where
they are more frequently taken than in any other place,
namely in the Ifles of the Levant^ Candy^ Cyprus^ and
abodes. In my opinion^ (he is a Harvk^ of not much
value, and therefore 1 (hall leave her, to fpeak of ano-
ther of greater reputation.
Of the GERFAULCON.
THe Gerfaulcon is a very fair Hawk^.^ and of great
force , efpecially being mewed : (lie is ftrong-
armed, having long Stretchers and Singles h fhe is
fierce and hardy of nature, and therefore difficultly to
be reclaimed. She is a lovely Bird to behold, larger
than any kind of Faulcen : her Eyes and Head are like
the Haggard's,
Her
Her Beak is great and bending : (he iiath large
Nares, and a Mail like a Lanners > her Sails are long
and (harp-pointed s her Train much like the Lamer's \
(lie hath a large Foot marble- feared, and is plumed
blank, brown, and rulTct. She expecls great civility
from her Keeper, who mu(i exercife a great deal of pa-
tience on her. ,
The Gerfaulcons Eyiie is in fome parts of ?r«J^i?, and
on tlie borders of Kitjfja \ and fome come from the
Mountains of Norway^ and frot]^ Germany : Thefe may
be alfo called PjjJ'engeri,..,, , .1 ,n «,,!
By reafon of the fiercenefs and hardinefs of this
Bird , (he is very hardly manned and reclaimed v but
being once overcome , (he proves an excellent Han>k^
and will fcarce refufe to fly at any thing.
Their Beaks are blue , fo are the Sears of their Legs
and Feet, having Pounces and Talons very long.
Thefe Haivkfdo not fly the River, but always from
the Fift fly the Herns, Shovelers, &c. .,Vr
In going up to their Gate they do not liold that
courfe or way which others do i for they climbe up
upon the Train when they find any Fowl , and as
foon as they have rcacht her they pluck her down , if
not at the fir(\, yet at the fecond or third encounter.
You -mult feed and reward them like other Faul-
Gons.
They are very crafty, and covet to keep their Ca-
ftingslong through floth i therefore inlkad of Cotton
give them a Cafting of Tow, and be fure to keep thcKi
(harp fet.
In the Manning and Reclaiming you mufi by kind-
nefs make her gentle and familiar with you. When
you have taught her to be lured loofe, then learn her
to come to the Pelts of Hens, rr any other Fowl : but
let her not touch any living flefh, for fear that draw
her love away from your Voice and Hand.
[d 3] All
52 flDf l!)aM«s aiitJ ipaMinrr,
All this time you muft hs clofe by her, about her,
and upon your Knees, ufing your Voice unto her, with
her dinner and fupper clean dreft and waftit , giving
her ftill forne bits thereof with your hand, that (he may
thic more delight therein. By doing thus frequently
you will fo win her, that ftiould (he be guilty of Car-
irying, yet by this means (he will be reclaimed, and for-
get that errour.
Let the Olirager have efpecialcare how he make his
GerfaulcoH at hrll:, and iiideed all other Harvk^ \ for as
they are made then, he (hall ever hnd them after 5 and if
they are well made, they are twice made , and for ever
made : and therefore have a care of two much precipi-
tation in pofiingthem forward. from one lefTon to ano-
ther, before they are perfed in any thing.
H you train her with Doves , (lie will not carry a
feather from you. But firf^ before you fpring her any
Doves, let her kill four or five at Lure clofe by your
foot, having a pair of (hort Creanccs at your Lure.
Here note, that the Gerfaulcon is mofi dciired for
her high-flying, and is belt at Hern and the Mounrce :
and that you may bring her to perfedtion herein, play
with your entermewcd Ger/^w/cfl;/ the fir (\ year, (hew-
ing her all imaginable kindnefs, and ufing all poilible
means to make her love you. When you have brought
her forward, give her often Callings to cleanfe and
purge her, alfo to prevent the growth of too much glut
and fatnefs ip her inward parts, which will indanger
her life.
£)f 5)atiJks5 anti ipaMi nir> 5 3
Ofthe SAKER.
THe Sak^r is a Paflenger or Peregrin- Hawk, for hei
Eyrie hath not been found by any. They are
found in the llles of the Levant^ Cyprus^ Rhodes^ and
Candia^ and in feveral other Iflands in the Sea.
She is (bmewhat larger than the Haggard- faul con ■>
her Plume is rufty and ragged i the Sear of her foot
and Beak like the Lanner j her Pounces are fhort, how-
ever (he hath great ltrength,and is hardy to all kind of
Fowl. She is more difpofcd to the Field a great deal
than to the Brook, and delights to prey on great Fowl,
as the Hern, the Goofe, &c. As for the Crane, (he is
not fofree to fly at her as the Haggard-faulcon^ The
Sah^r is good alfo for lefTer Fowl , as Pheafant, Par-
tridge, &c. and is nothing fo dainty of her Diet as
Hawk^ long-winged.
This Hawk^wiW make excellent fport with a Kitc^
who, as foon as (he fees the Sakir ( the Male whereof
is called a Sah^ret ) ca(\ off^ immediately betakes her
felfto, and trufts in the goodnefs of her Wings, and
gettcth to her pitch as high as poffibly (he may, by
making many Turns and Wrenches in the Air : which
if well obrerve4 , together with the variety of con-
te(^s and bickerings that are between them , it cannot
but be very pleafant and delightful to the beholder.
I have known in a clear day and little wind iHrring,
that both the Sah^r and Kite have foar'd To high that
the (harpeft eye could not difcern them, yet hath the
Sak$r in the encounter conquered the Kite, and I have
feen her come tumbling down to the ground with a
(irange precipitancy.
[a 4l or
54 2)f ^mi^ ant! ^mkm^.
Of all Birds rhe Sahr hath the longeft Train.
This Hawk^w'iW fly at Hc^r'n, Kite, Pheafant, Partridge,
Quail, and fomerimes at the Harei but her chiefeft
excellency cnnHfts in her flying at the Crane. Now
becaufe we have but few of them in England^ I (hall
defi(t from fpeaking farther of the Sak^r , pndy that
(he is made to the lure as other Haivkf aye : and in-
deed all Faulcons are made after the fame rnanner, yet
are not flown withal alike ', for Sal^rj^ Latwers, Ger-
fmlcons^M\lmi^^\^^ Merlins do not fly the River \ if
any do , it is very -rarely-,
Of the LANNER, LANNERET,
and TUNISIAN.
THe Lamer is a Hj-wjI^ common in all Countries,
cfpecially xnFrance^ making her Eyrie on high
Trees in Forrcfls , or on high Cliffs near the Sea-
She is leffer than the Faulcon-gcnth , fair-plumed
when an Enter- me wer , and of (horter Tllons than
aiiy other Faulcon. Thofe who have the largcfl and
beft-feafoned Heads axe the befl Lanners.
With tht tanner 'f:iV Lafineret you may fly the Pvivcr i
and both are very good alfo for the Land.
They are not very choice in their F'ood , and can
better away with fjroft Viduals than any other
' Mew'd Lanners ire hardly kr.ovvn from the Soar'
harvks^ (and fo likcwife the Sah^r) becaufe they do not
change their Plume.
■ '"' Y6u n^iay -know the Lanners by thefe three tokens.
X. They are blianker Haivks than any other. 3. They
have
©fi^att)^^ ant! lj)aMmg. 55
have lefs Beaks than thereft. 3. Andlaftly, They are
lefs armed and pounced than other Faulcons.
Of all Hart^ks there is none fo fit for a young Faul-
coner as the Lanner^ becaufe flie is not inclined to Sur-
feits, and feldom melts Greafeby being over-flown.
There are a fort of Lanmrs which Eyrie in the
Alps^ having their Heads white and flat aloft, large
and black Eyes, llender Nares, (hort and thick Beaks,
and lel?cr than the Haggard or Faulcon- gentle. Some
are indifferent large, fome lefs, and others middle-
lized.
Their Mail is marble or rudet » their Breaft-fea-
thers white and fuUof ruflet fpotss the points and ex-
tremities of their Feathers full of white dropsy their
Sails and Train long : they are (hort Leg'd , with a
foot lefs than that of a Faulcon, rnarble-feer'd > but
being mew'dthe Seer changeth to a yellow.
The Lanner never lieth upon the Wing after (he
hath flown to Mark , but after once flooping (lie ma-
kethaPoint, and then, like the Gojfjawk^, waits the
Fowl.
If llie mi-fs at the firft down- fail and kill not, (he will
confult her advantage to her greate(t eafe.
Thefe kind of Hawks are highly prized in France
and Italy , neither is (he defpifeable in England i but
we look upon them as flothful and hard-metled : and
therefore if you intend to have any good cfher, keep
a Arid hand over her » for (he is of an ungrateful dif-
polition, and will flight your Kindnelfcs , contrary to
the nature of the Faulcon-gmk , who for one good
ufage will return a treble courtefie, and the better (he is
rewarded, the better fliewill fly, -
They are flown at Field or Brook, and are Hawks
that rhaintain long flights, whereby much Fowl is kil-
led ( and more than by a better Hawk, J by reafon of
Dogs and Hawking-^oles.
If
5^ SDf i&aMjs ants ©aMtno:-
If you will fly with a Lanner , you muft keep hep
very (harp : and becaufe they keep their Caftingsi
long, by reafon they are hard- me tied Hiznrj^, give
them therefore hard Caftings made of Tow and knots
of Hemp.
In the reclaiming the Lanner and the Lanneret much
pains and labour muft be taken , and the chiefeft thing
is to make her well acquainted with the Lure , whichii
muft be garnilhed with hard waftit meat , and let her?
receive the major part of her Reward in bits from
your hand : as for the reft of her Training , take the
fame courfe which I have directed in the manning and
ordering of the Haggard- fanlcon. But above all take
pains to ftay her, and by your utmoft Art reftrain ber
from dragging or carrying any thing from you,to which'
ill quality ftie is more inclined than any other Harvk,,
whatever.
To conclude this Chapter , I come next to the T«-
nifian^Faulcon^ which is not much different in nature
from the Lanner^ yet fomewhat lefs, but in Foot and
plume much alike. She hath a large round Head,,,
and is more crecfe than the Lanner., and more heavy <
and fluggifti in her flight.
She is called a lunifian-faulcon^ from tunis the Me-
tropolis of Barbary , the Country where ftie ufually
makes her Eyrie.
They are excellent Harx>k^ for the River , lying
long upon the Wing, and will fly the Field alfo very
well.
They naturally delight to feiic upon the Hare, and
will ftrike boldly at her. Much more might be faid
of her, which 1 here omit.^ ftie being a H^n^J^not very
common in England,
Having curforily difcourft in as good a method as
I could of the feven forts of Faulcons, with their
Manning, Reclaiming, Luring, Training, Staying, &(^»
SDf ^atDK0 nm ^aMing* 57
r (hall proceed to give you an account of feme other
Han^h^ which 1 propounded and promifed m the be-
ginning of this Treatife : take them thus in order.
Of the MERLIN.
THe Merlin in Plume is much like the Haggard-
Faukon, alfo in the Sear of the Foot, Beak, and
Talons, and is much alike in Conditions.
A Merlin well mannM, lur'd, and carefully lookt at-
ter, will prove an excellent Harvkc Their Right is
fwifter than any other Ha^K. and naturally they flic at
Partridge, Thrulh, and Lark. , , r ,
It is a Bird very bufie and unruly, and therefore the
Faulconer ought to take fpecial heed and care of them,
left unnaturally they eat off their own Feet and Talons,
which feveral of them have been known to do, and
die thereby. For which caufe, Merlins ought not to
be mewM or intermew'd, becaufe in the Mew they of-
ten fpoil themfelves.
She is accounted a^an^^of the Fift, and not of the
Lure: but to my knowledge Qie may be brought to
love the Lure very well.
She is very venfurous and hardy, which may appear
by her flying at Birds as big or bigger than her felf,
with fuch eagernefs, as that flie wi\l purfue them even
into a Town or Village.
If you will flie with a Merlin at a Partridge, chule
. the Formal, which is the Female, The Jack, is not
worth the Training. j . n.
When you have made her to the Lure, and that me
will patiently endure the Hood, then make her a Tram
with a Partridge -. iflhe foot and kill it, reward he«
^ ■ well,
5S flDf ipaujfejs ann !S)aiukinD:»
well, futfering her to take her pleafure thereon. Aftei
this, fly her at the wild Partridge > if flie take or mark
it at firft or fecond flight, being retrieved by the Spa*
niels, feed her upon it vvith a reafonable Gorge, chear-
ing her with your Voice jn fuch manner that (he may
know it another time. If (he prove not hardy at firlt
Train, try her vvith a fecond or third : if (he prove not
then, (he will prove nothing worth.
If you fly the Merlin at Lark or Linnet, let it be wltW
a Caft of Merlins at once, b:caufe they love to fly in
company : bciides, it is a greater delight to the Spe-
ctators to fee them fly together i you (hall obferve the,
one climb to the Mountee above the Lark, and the ©then
to lie low tot her beft advantage.
When your Merlin is throughly manned and made:
gentle, ( which you mu(t bring to pafs according too
the method propounded for other HxrvksJ 1 fay, when
flie is reclaimed, you may then carry her into the
fields » where having found a Lark or Linnet, get as
near as you can into the Wind to tb: Bijcd s and as
foon as the Bird rifeth from the ground, unhood your
Calt of Merlins and cd.[\ them off, and when they have
beaten down the Lark, let them feed a little thereon.
There is a fort of Larks whicj;i 1 would not advife
the Faulconer to fly at, and they are called Cm-lark/^
which donot mount as the long- fpur'd fleld-Lark, buc
fly iiraight forward, to the endangeriiigthe lofs of your
H^wi^ without any paftime or pleafure.
Of the Mewing of Merlins, Faulcons, Gerfaul-
cons, djui My lions at Stock or at Large :
and which is tl^e heji way of Mewing.
It is the opinion of foroe, ( but how commendable,
I will leave ilie Reader to judge ) that Mt///j/ cannot
be.
©f 51)alul4g ant! ^aMing;* 5p
ae mewM, or if they be, that they arc very rarely good
afterwards. Experience tells me the contrary ; for
if (hey be hardy, and have flown well in their Soarage,
they have proved much better after mewing than be- %
fore.
The time of mewing for Faulcons mould be about
the latter end of April ■■> at which time fet down your
Faulcons, diligently obCerving whether they be louzy
or not : if they are, pepper them, and that will infal-
libly kill the Lice. You muft alfo fcour them, before
you caft them into the Mew.
Mcwings are of two forts i the one loofe and at
large, the other at the Stock or Stone.
Mewing at large is thus in (hort : If your Room be
large, by divifions you may mew four Faulcons at
once, each partition confining of about twelve foot
fquare, and as much in height, with two Windows
two foot broad, the one opening to the North, for
the benefit of cold Air •, the other to the Eait, for the
beneficial warmth of the Sun. At your Ea(i-window
let there be a Board two foot broad, even with the bot-
tom of the Window, with a Lath or Ledge round •-,
in the middle fet a green Turff, laying good (lore of
Gravel and Stones about it, that your H^n?/;, may take
them at her pleafure.
\i your Faulcon be a great Bater, let your Chamber
be on the ground, which muft be covered four fingers
thick with grofs Sand, and thereon fet a Stone fome-
what taper, of about a Cubit fn height, on which they
love to tit, by reafon of its coolnefs.
Make her two Perches, at each Window one, to
recreate her felf as (he pleafeth, either with Heat or
Cold.
Every week or fortnight fet her a Bafon of Water
to bathe in •, and when (lie hath bathed therein, take it
away the night following.
Your
6o £Df pmk^ aitti ^aMittff*
Your Mew muft have a Portal to convey in thij
Hack, a thing whereon the meat is ferved. I necc
not prefcribe the manner how to make it, fince it is i
thing fo generally known akcady. I
You ought to keep one fet-hour in feeding i for 0'
will fhe mew fooncr and better: when Ihe hath fee
and gorged her felf, then remove the Stick from th
Hack on which the meat was fattened, to keep her fron
dragging if into the Mew.
In the opinion of moft, it is better Mewing at th
Stock or Stone, which muft be performed thus : Mak
choice of a Ground-room remote from noife or con
courfe of people, and therein fet a Table of wha
length you think is moit convenient for the numbe
of your Faulcons, and of about fix foot in breadth
with thin Boards aloqg the fides and ends, about fou
fingers high from the fuperficies of the Table, whicl
muft ftand on Treffels about three foot high from th
ground. Let this Table be covered indifferently thic!
with great Sand mixt with fmali Pebbles, in the midi
whereof place a pyramidal Free-ftone about a yard ii
height, unto which rye your Faulcon, Gerfaulcon, Mer
lin or Mylion : then take a fmall Cord of the bignel
of a Bow-ftring, and put it through a Ring or Swive
and bind it about the Stone in fuch fort that the Swi
vel may go round the Stone without let or hindrance
and thereunto tye the Leafe of your Harvkc
Here note, that if you mew more than one Haw.
in one Room, you muft fet your Stones at that di
ftancc, that when they bate they may not crab one a
nother.
The rcafon of placing this Stone is, becaufe th'
Faulcon delights to fit thereon for its coolnefs fake, anc
the little gravelly ftones the Hawk^ fi»cquently fwal-
lows to cool her within. The Sand is ncct ffary tc
prefcrve their Feathers when they bate, and their Mew-
et$
ets are the more eafily ckanfed. The little Gord with
the Swivel tyed about the Stone, is to keep the Harvl^^
from tangling wheia (he bateth, becaufe the Ring will
fiillfoUowher. , , , i , .
All day let your Harvk, (land hooded, oncly when
vou take her on your Fill to feed : at night unhood
hex; and left any accident (hould happen m the night,
prejudicial to the Harpkc the Faulconer ought to he m
the Mew.
Of the HOBBY.
THe Hobby is a Hawk^oi the Lure, and not of the
Fift, and is a high flier, and is in every refped
like the Saksr, but that (he is a much lefTer Bird.
The Hobby hath a blue Beak, but the Seer thereof
and Legs are yellow : the Crinets or little Feathers
under her Eye are very black s the top of her head is
betwixt black and yellow, and (he hath two white
fcams on her Neck i the Plumes under the Gorge and
about the iSrows, are redd i(h, without fpot or drops
the Breaft-feathers are brown for the moft part, yet
powdered with white fpots *, her Back, Train, and
Wings are black alofr, having no great fcalcs upon the
Legs, unkfs it be a tew beginning behind the three
Stretchers and Pounces, nhichare very large in refped
of herfhort Legs i her Brail- feathers are engouted be-
twixt red and black", the Pendant-feathers ( which
ate thofe behind the Thigh ) arc of a rufty fmoaky
complexion. The daring Hobby may be well called
fo, ior (he is nimble and light of Wing, and dares
encounter Kites„ feaizards, or Crows, and will give
loulc ior foufe, blow for blow, till fometimes they
feiie
62 SDf mw6.$ aitn fpaMittB:.
feiie and come tumbling down to the ground both to^
gethef.
They are chiefly for the Lark, which poor little crea-
ture fo dreads the fight of a Uohhy foaring in the Air
over her, that (he will rather chufe to commit her felf
to the mercy of Man or Dogs, or to be trampled on by
Horfes, than venture her felf into that Element where^
file fees her mortal Enemy foaring.
The Hohhy makes excellent fport with Nets andl
Spaniels, which is performed after this manner. The
Dogs range the held to fpring the Fowl, and the Hob-
Iks foar over them aloft in the Air : the filly Birds,
fearing a Confpiracy between the Hawks and Dogs to
their utter deftrudion, dare not commit themfelves
to their Wings, but think it fafer to lie clofe to the
ground, and fo are taken in the Nets. This fport is
called Daring'
Of the GOSHAWK.
THere are feveral forts of Godjawkf , tnd they are
different in goodnefs, force, and hardinefs ac-
cording to the diverfity of their choice in Gawking:
at which time when Harv}q begin to fall to liking, alll
Birds of Prey do affemble themfelves with t\\tGo(ljar^k..
and flock together.
The Female is the bed : and although there be fome
Gofhawks which come from Sclavonia, Sardinia, Lorn-
hardy, Kufu, Puglia, Germany, Armenia, Verfia, Greece,
and Africa i yet there are none better than thcfe which
are bred in the North parts oi Ireland, as in the Pro-
vince of Vlfter, but more efpecially in the County ot
Tyrone. '
Take
Take thefe Rules as to the goodnefs of her propor-
tion or Ihajpe;
She ought to have a fmall Head, her Face long and
ftraight, a large Throat, great Eyes, deep fet, the Apple
of the Eye black, Nares, Ears, Back, and Feet large and
blank i a black long Beak, long Neck, big Breail;, hard
flefh, long Thighs,fielhy, the bone of the Leg and Knee
ftiott, long large Pounces and Talons. From the Stern
or Train to the Breail forward (he ought to grow round:
the Feathers of the Thighs towards the Train (hould
be latge, and the Train-feathers Ihorr, foft, and fome-
what tending to an Iron Mail. The Brayl - feathers
bught to be like thofe of the Breafi: , and the Covert-
feath'ets of the Train (hould be fpotted and full of black
rundles i but (he extremicy of every Train-feather
(hould be black Area ked.
The fign of force in a Go(}jatvJ{_ is this : Tye divers
bftheiuin feveral places of one Chamber or Me^i', and
that Hawk^thit doth iTife and rhevvt higheli and far-
theft off from her , is without quelHon the itrongcit
Hawk^t for the high and far mewting argues a ftrong
Back.
1 might tell you theillihapeofa GoJhjn>h^i but fince
I have declared the good , the bad may be colledcd
trom thence: Contraria contratiis di^nofcunter. How-
ever take this general rule , That Go(han>k^t\\2it hath
pendant Plumes over her Eyei, the whites whereof are
waterilh and blank, thit is red-mail'd or bright tawny,
hath the moll alTuted tokens of a H^^'i^that is ill con-
ditioned.
The Gofhdivk^ preyeth on the Pheafanr, Mallard,
"Wild-goofe, Hare, and Coney •, nay, (be will venture
to fcize on a Kid or Goat , vvhich declareth the inefti-
mable courage and valour of this Han>k-
She ought to be kept with great care, becaufc (he is
very choice and dainty, and looks to have a nice hand
kept over her. [ e ] Ho^
How to make the Soar or Haggard Go{h^wk.
Firft trim them with Jeffes, Bcvets, and Bells , as
foon as they come to your hands s keep them feeled
fome time, hooding and unhooding them often, teach-
ing them to feed on the Fift three or four days, or till
they have left their Rammagenefs and become gentle :
having fo done, unfeel them by Candle light at night,
caufing them to tire or plume upon a Wing or Leg
of a Pullet •, and be fure to deal gently and mildly
with them until you have won and throughly man-
ned them : then you may go into fome pleafant field,
and firit give them a bit or two hooded on your Fiit,
and the likeunhooded, cafi: them down fair and foftly
on fome Fearch, and make them come from it to your
Fift, calling to them with a Faulconer's ufual terms >
and when they come, feed them, calling all the while
in the fame manner to make them acquainted with
your voice. The next day you may call them with
aGreanceata farther dilknce, feeding them as be-
fore.
When you have thus called your GoJ}jawk^2ibxo2id
three or four days , and that you hnd her grow cun-
ning, then take her on your Fill, and mount on Horfe-
back, and ride with her an hour or two, unhooding
and hooding her fometimes, giving her a bit or two in
fight of your Spaniels, that (he may not be afraid of
them : this being 'done, fet her on a Tree With a thort
Greance tied to her Loins, and going half a fcore yards
from her on Horfeback , call her to your Fill: accor-
ding to art i) if (he come, reward her with two or
three bits , and caft her up again to the Tree : then
throw out a dead Pullet ( to which (he was ufed be-
fore ) about a dozen yards from her j if (he fly to it
and feize it, let her feed three or four bits upon it , ride
the
the mean while about her on Horfeback, and rate back
your Spaniels, becaufe they (hall not rebuke her at hrit,
and make her ever atter afraid of them : then alight,
and gently take her on your Fili, feed her, hood her,
and let her plume or tire.
Here note, that the Gofhavph^ is a greater Poulterer,
and therefore it would be more requifire to throw on%
a dead Partridge, or one made artihcially with its
Wing, Tail and Plumage \ which will caufe her to
know Partridge better, and Poultry lefs.
How to make a Golhawk fij to the Far fridge^
Having manned your Gojharv}^ go into the field with
her, carrying with you a Train- Partridge, and unhood-
ing your Harvk^ bear her as gently as you can •, and you
will do well to let her plume or tire, for tliat will make
her the more eager.
If the Partridge fpring, let her fly: if (he markone^
two, three, or more on the ground, then go to her and
make her take Pearch on fome Tree thereby : then if
you can retrive the Partridge with your Spaniels , a'?
foon as they fpring it you mull: cry, Homt^ hon>it^ and
retrive \z the fecohd time, crying when it fpringeth as
aforefaid : if yourH^n?/^ kill it, feed her upon it.
» If it fo happen your Spaniels (hould take it ( as it is
very frequent for hot Spaniels to light upon the Par-
tridge, being either flown out of breath, or overchar-
ged with fear) then alight from your Horfe, and taking
it fpeedily from the Dogs, caft it out to your Hawk^cr^'
ing, PFare HavpJ^ ncare^ and let her feed thereon ai her
pleafure.
After this you muft not fly her in two days ; for ha-
ving fed on bloody meat , Ihe will not fo foon be in
good cafe to fly again i for fuch meat is not fo eafily
endewed by a H^^-j^as the Leg of a Chicken or the like*
* |_e 2] Ufuig
^6 S5f?)atDfe!(Sflttt!?)at»kmff»
Ufing her thus three or four times , (he will be well
in bloud, and become an excellent Flier at this pleafanc
Field flight.
Here note, that you murt do at firft with her as with
other Harvkj^ that is, feel and watch her, and win her
tofecdi to the Hood, to the Fift, e^c. and then enter
her to young Partridges till November , at which time
both Trees and Fields become bare and empty : then
you may enter her to the old Rervefj^ fctting her (hort
and eager* if (he kill, feed her up with the Partridge
three or four times, and this will bring her to perfe-
ction.
If your Harvk^h^ a good Partridger, let her not fly
at the Powt or Pheafant , for they fly not fo long a
Flight as the Partridge i and therefore the Go(han>k^
being more greedy oi Prey than any other Hjw/^,
(yet dtfirou$of eafc> would always covet (hort Flights,
not caring to hold out : not but that there are fomc
good both for long and fhort flights, but they are rarely
found.
Befides, you muft have a great care in keeping them
in good order , with Flying , Bathing , Weathering,
Tiling, and Fluming.
HoK> ifo help a Gofliawk that turneth Tail to
Tad, aud giveth over her Game.
It is ufual for a GodjawJ^ to fly at a Partridge , ycC
neither kill it, nor fly it to mark, but to turn 7ail to
Tail •, that is having flown it a Bow-(hot or more , (he
giveth over her Game, and takes a Tree : then mull:
y.ou call in your Spaniels to the Retrieve that way your
HaTg>''i, flew the Partridge •, let the Faulconer draw
hinjfelf that way alfo, and carrying with him a quick
Partridge, let him cafl ic out to her, which will make
her
j3Df !J)aMd ant) 5)aUifeinn:, 6-}
her believe it is the faine (he tiew at. When you ca(t
it out, cry, 'iVan Hanp\^ ware i make her fcize it, ar.d
feed her upon it: and this will encourage her to rty
out her flight another time. If the next time you fly
her ( which muft be the third day ) (he fervc you To
again, then muft you do as aforefaid with alive Par-
tridge carried about you for that purpofe : if (he ferve
you fo the third time , 1 would advile you to rid your
hands of her as foon as you can.
How to make a Gofliawk fly quickly.
The Go/^^)rJ^rerpecially Soars and NiaflTes) are very
loving to and fond of man , and therefore (hould be
flown with a little more Rammage, elfc frequently, af-
ter two or three ftroaks with their Wings,they will give
over the flight, and return to the Keeper : wherefore
you muft fly with them as foon as you can. And yet
there is an evil which attends this dired:ion,and that is,
by flying over-foon you will pull down your Hirv}\ and
make her poor, from whence proceeds feartulnefs and
cowardifc. To remedy which, you muft give your
Harv](, fome refpite, a^ld fet her up again before you fly
her. There are fome Gofhawkr (but very few) which
will not fly when they are in good plight : then muft
you bate their flelli, and pinch them with fcoufing,
wa(ht meat, and the like. But the beft way of flying
fuch an one is when (he is lufty and high ; and, to addc
to her vivacity and courage, let her be fet abroad in the
morning an hour or two, when the weather is not ve-
ry cold •, for being fo weaiher'd, when ftie hath flown
a Partridge to the Mark, (he will not away until it he re-
trieved by the Spaniels.
[ e 3 Harp
^^ m^M^ autJ l!)aui!ting.
How to fly a Goihawk to the River.
A Gojhavpk rbut no tiercel) may fly the Puver at
Mallard, Duck, Gccfe, or Hern, with other large
iVater-fowl: She is trade for that purpofe after this
manner.
Firft, make her to the Fift, as is prefcribed in her
making to the Field : then carry her into the field
without Eells, and with a live Duck, which you muft
give to one of the company , who muli hide himfelf
in fome Ditch or Pit with the Duck tied to a Creance :
then mull you draw near him with yourii^»;i^unhood-
ed en your Fili, and gwing him fome private notice to
throw out the Duck, caft off > our Har^k:, and if (he take
K at the Source , let him reward and feed her with a
reafonabl- Gorge : then take her upon your Fill and
hood her, permitting her to tire and plume upon the
Leg or Wing of the Duck. The third day go again
with her into the Field in like manner, or elfehnd out
fome Plafh or Pool where Wild-fowl lie, taking the ad-
vantage of the riling Bank : being near the Fowl, let
fom^: of the company raife them up, and your Hawk
being unhooded, caft her off i \i (he kill any of them at
Source, make in to her quickly, and crofs the Fowl's
Wings, fo that (he may foot and plume it at her plea-
fure, rewarding her as before. After this, take her on
your Fill, and kt her tire and plume the Leg or Wing
of the Fowl aforefaid. °
When your Cofhawkj^ throughly nouzled, and well
iri bloud, you mayfly her twice a day or oftner, rewar-
ding her as before.
An excellent way to preferve a Gofliawk in the
time of her flying, efpecially in hot weather.
TakeapintofPved-rofe-Water, put it into a Bot-
tle, bruife one iVick or two of green Liquorilh and put
in it likewife a little Mace, and the quantity of a Wall-
nut of Sugar-candy, and draw her meat through it
twice or thrice a week, as you (hall find occafion : It
prevents the Phantafs, and feveral Difeafes they are
fubjed to : befides, it gives a huge Breath, and gently
fcoureth her.
How to fly the Wild-goofe er Crane with
the Golhawk.
Having mann d your Gojhatvk, brought her to the
Fift, and train'd her with a Goofe in the Field, then
feek out where Wild-geefe, Cranes,or other large Wild-
fowl lie : having found them afar off, alight and carry
your Hio-Ze unhooded behind your Horfe, ftalking to-
wards them until you have got pretty nigh them,hold-
ing down your H.rn'i^covert under the Horlc's Neck or
Body, yet fo that (he may fee the Fowl : then you mult
raife them,and caliingoff your Ha^k, if (he kill,reward
her. And thus (he may kill four or five in a day.
In like manner, you may make her to the Crane,
and may ftalk to Fowl which lie in Ponds or Pits as
aforefaid. n- u t
Here note, that if you can fly at great, llight the
leffer Flights, which will make your Hawk the bol-
der.
[ell
Ho»
70
^tpam^ ann J^nmiim,
ffow to mw a Goiliawk, and dt-am her mt of
the hUwy and make her Flying.
Having flown with a G.y^^H. Ti.i^d , Soar, or
Haggard u\\ March, give her fome good Quarry in her
^oof, and having feen her clean from Lice, cut off the
Buttons of her JefTes, and thiow her into the Mew i
which Roprpfhould he on the groqnd, and fcituated
towards the North, if poffible.
Let the Pcarches therein be lined with Canvas or
t^otton i for otherwife by hurting her Foot (he may
get the Gout or Pynn. ^
Let the Mew have alfo a Window towards the
haft, and another Northward. There muli be alfo a
Bafon of Water in the Mew for bathing, which mull
beftiifted every three days. Feed your Hawk with
Hgeons, or dfe witli the hot FleOi of Weather-Mut-
About the beginning of OCioher, if you find your
Go(han;k fair mew'd and hard penn'd, then give her
Chickens, Lambs-hearts, or Calves-hearts, tor about
twenty days together, to fcour her, and make her llife
out the ilimy fubdancc and glitt out of her Pannel, and
tnleam her.
Having done thus, fome Evening draw her out of
the Mew, and new furni(h her with Jefles, Bells, Be w-
ets, and all other things needful for her : then keep
her leel d two or three days, till the will endure the
Hood patiently i for mewed Hawks are as impatient
ot the Hood asthofenewly taken. ,
When you have won her to endure the Hoo^, then
HI an Evening by Candle-light you may unfeel her,
and the next day Ihcw her the Fill and Glove, making
her to tire and rJume morning and evening, givioi^
her (ometimcs in the morning ( when her Gorge is
empry^
©f 5)atDlt53 null |)aMing. n
empty) a little Sugar-candy, which will help her in an
excellent manner to endew.
When you Hnd your Gc^aw\ijQt& eagerly, and that
vou think in ynur judgement (he is enfeamed, and that
you may boldly flv with her, then go with her into the
Field-, (he will then bate, {Xi empty) and fly of her
own accord : if (he kill, feed and reward her i but if
(he fly to the mark with a Partridge, then muft you re-
trive it, and ferve her as afore declared.
Sope general Ohfervations for an Oftrager
or Falconer in Keeping and Reclaim-
ing a GOSHAWK.
It frequently happens that a Go(hawk^ot tiercel y
where good in their Soarage, become worle after they
are mewed : and the reafon may be, becaufe (he was
not cherilhed nor encouraged, to make her take delight
in her Soarage. r r i '.
For in a manner the major part ot a raulconers
skill confifls in coying and kind ufage of his Hawk.^ Co
cheri(hing her that (he may take delight in her Flight.
At the fir(\ entring of his H.txvk^ he ought always to
have a Train- Partridge in his Bag, to ferve her with
when need requires, to purchafe her love : and let him
take fuch ohfervations which may keep his Hawk, al-
ways in good order. As tirrt, he muft know naturally
all GoJhan>}q are fullof moift humours, efpecially in the
Head, and therefore let him ply them with Tiring and
Pluming morning and evening i for that will open them
in the Head, and make them ca(t water thereat. Let
the GolhAwK^ tiring be a Rum of Beef, a Pinion or the
Leg of a Chicken, given by the tire, or in the warm
Sun : this not onely opens hei Head, but keeps her from
flothfulaefs in good exercife,
72 €)f ^aM)^ ants ipauiamfi:.
Give her every night Carting of Feathers or Cottorjj
and in the morning mark whether it be wrought round
or not, whether fweet or not, whether moilt or dry,
and of what colour the water is that drops out of the
Carting : by thefe means he rtiall know what condition
his H^wJ^is in.
He alfo ought to regard her Mewts , to fee whether
they be clean or not , and give remedies accorditigly.
He ought alfo toconfider.thefeafon h for in cold wea-
ther he muft fet his Harp}^ in fome warm place where
fire is made h he muft line the Pearch with Canvas or
Cotton, and muft fet it fo far from the Wall that the
IJarv}{ hurt not her Feathers when ftie batcth. If the
weather be temperate, he may then fet her in the Sun-
fhine for an hour or two in the morning.
Let no Hens or Poultry come near the place where
your Han>}^dot\\ Pearch s and in the Spring offer her
water every week, or elfe ftie will foar away from you
when (he flieth, and you may go look her.
If your Havpk^ bathe her felf fpontaneoufly in cold
weather after her flight, go prefently to the next hcufe
and weather her with her Back to the fire, and not her
Gorge,for that will make her fick : and dry your Hajvk
if you have carried her in the Rain.
A good Faulconer will always keep his H^G?;^high
and lufty, yet fo that ftie may be always in a condition
to fly beft.
Alfo he muft keep his H^w^ clean, and her Feathers
whole : and if a Feather be broken or bruifcd, he muft
prefently im,p it i and to that end he muft have his
Imping-needlcs, his Semond, with other Inftruments
always in readinefs.
The firrt year it is moft requifite to fly your Gqfhan\
to the Field, and not to the Covert i for fo they will
learn to hold out, and not turn tail in the midft of
their flight : and when they are mewed Havpk^, you
may
fiDf 5)tiUJlt0 anti 5)aUj|tmff ♦ 73
inay make them do what you will ; and it is better
to let her be a little rammage than to be overman-
ned.
Her feeding is beft on hot meats : and if you would
inPrudl her to kill great Fowl, make her Trains there-
of i and if you would have her continue thofe Flights,
never fly her at lefs, for that will take her off from them
and fpoil her. If you will make her to fly with a
Dog to aiTilt her, then feed your H^w^ with great Fowl,
and your Dogs with fleOi tied under their Wings. If
you train your H^B?^with them, rewarding her upon
the Train, and your Dog with her, this will make them
acquainted together.
Thus continue doing till your Dog throughly knowj
his duty : and be fure to keep your Dog tied up •■, for if
you let him go loofe, it will fpoil the beft Dog that is:
and never give him a reward, but when he maketh in
at fuch Fowls to refcue the Harvk.
Call your Gojhavpk^to no other thing than your Fift^
and oftentimes fpurt good wine on your Gojhawk^
Sears : And note, that in all her Diftempers fweet
things are beft to be adminiftred in her Medicines.
Of the SPARROW-HAWK.
THe laft H<j»>/^ which we (hall treat of, is the Spar-
row-hawk^-y of which there are feveral kinds, and
5f different Plumes.
For the" kinds, there is the Sclavonian^ Calahriatiy
Zorfican^ German^ Vicentian^ and Veronian, Alpifan^ Sab-
^ean^ cind Bergamafcan^ in the black Vale near the Con-
ines oi Vaholina. It is needlefs to give you a particu-
ar account of them.
Their
74 ©f v^m^ mxn i^amm.
Their Plumes are different : fome are fmall plumed
and blank H^m^j^r, others of a larger Feather, fonre
plumed like the Quail, fome brown or Canvas-mail'd,
and others have juft thirteen Feathers in their Train,
&c.
To be (hort, this Charader I may juftly give the
Sparrow'happkjx) general, that (he is in her kind, and
for that Came her ftrength will give her leave to kill,
a very good Hawkf Belldes, he that knows how to
man, reclaim, and fly with a Sparrow-hatvJ^^ may
eafily know how to keep and deal with all other
And herein lieth an excellency in the Sparrow-hawk^^
(he ferves borh for Winter and Summer with great
pleafure, and will fly at all kind of Game more than
the Faulcon. If the Winter-5'/'tfrro«'-/:».«iri;^prove good,
(he will kill the Pie, the Chough, the Jay, VVood-cock,
Thrufh, Black-bird, Felfare, with divers other Birds of
the like nature,
Hou) to make a Sparrow-hawk, whether Byejl,
Bramhert Soar, Mew' A, or Haggard.
Sparrou>'haw\s are to be confidercd as all other
kinds of Hawkj are, according to their age and difpo-
fition.
The feveral kinds o( Spamrv-harvJ^s may be compre-.
Inended under thefc five heads > the EyeJJes or NyeJJefy
Branchers^ Soars ^ Men? V, and Haggards.
Eyeffes^ are mewed in the Wood, and are taken in
the Eyrie.
Branchers^ are thofe which have forfaken the Eyrie,
and are fed near it by the old ones on Boughs and
Branches.
Sear-harvkf^ arc fo called, becaufe, having forfaken
the
©f OaM0 antJ S)at0hinfi:* 75
the Eyrie, and beginning to prey for themfelves, they
foar up aloft for pleafurc*
Mew^d Hatvkf-> are fuch which have once or more
(hifted the Feather.
Laftly, Haggards, are they which prey for themfelves,
and do alfo mew in the Wood or at large.
This diviiion of kindes is not peculiar to the Spar^
rorP'HaTp}{^ but common to all : give me leave to run
them over in order as I have fet them down.
For the Eyrefiox Nyefl, (which is of grcatcft difficul-
ty to bring to any perfedion) you muft firfl: feed her
in fome cool Room which hath two Windows, the
one to the North, and the other to the Eaft, which
muft be open, and birred over with Laths, not fo wide
for a Haivl^ to get out, or Vermin to come in : ftrow
the Chamber with frelh Leaves, and do In every refpedi
to this Room as I have ordered in a former Chapter fof
the Mewing the Faulcon.
You mult feed your Eye/? with Sparrows, young Pi-
geons, and Sheeps-hearts. WhilU (he is very young
and little you (hould cut her meat, or Ihred it intofmall
pellets> and feed her twice or thrice a day, according as
you hnd her endew it or put it over.
When (he is full fummed and flieth about, then give
her whole fmall Birds, and fometimcs feed her on your
Firt, fuffcring her to ftrain and kill the Birds in yout
handi and fometimes put live Birds into the Chamber
where (he is, that (he may learn to know to foot and to
kill them > and let her feed upon them in your prefence :
by this courfe you will not oncly neul her, but take
her off from that fcurvy quality of hiding her Prey
when (he hath feizcd it, a natural property belonging
to all EyelTes. Likewife every morning go into the
Room, call her to yourFift, whilUe and ufe fuch terms
as you would have her hereafter acquainted with.
When (he hath put forth all her Feathers and is full
fumroed,
n6 SDf '^m\^ aitt! 5)atxiktnQ:*
fummed, then take her out of the Chamber, and fur-
nifli her with Bells, Bewets, Jefles, and Lines.
It wilt be altogether requilite to feel her at
firft , that (he may the better endure the Hood
and handling: and let it be a Rufter-hood that is
large and eafie, which you muft pull off and put on fre-
quently, ftroaking her often on the head, till (he will
Hand gently.
In the Evening by Gandle- light unfeel her , giving
her fomewhat to tire upon, handling and rtroaking her
Feathers gently, hooding and unhooding her as often
as you think fit.
Before I proceed any farther, I (hall inform you how
to Seel a Hatvk^zktt the beft manner. Take a Needle
threaded with untwifted Thread , and ca(ting your
Harvk^M^^ her by the Beak,and put the Needle through
her Eye-lid, not right againft the fight of the Eye, but
fomewhat nearer the Beak , that (he may have liberty
to fee backward s and have efpecial care that you hurt
not the Web : then put your Needle through the other
Eye-lid, drawing the ends of the Thread together, tie
them over the Beak, not with a fl:raight knot, but cut
off the Threads near to the end of the knot, and fo
twift them together, that the Eye-lids may be raifed fo
upwards that the Hanck^xmy not fee at all , but as the
Thread (hall flacken, (he (hall be able to fee backwards
only, which is the caufe that the Thread is put nearer
the Beak.
when your Eyefs is well won to the Hood , and to
the Fi(i, let her kill fmall birds thereon •■> then call
her two or three days or longer , till (he will come far
off', then take a live Pidgeon tied by the Foot with a
Creance, and flir it till your Hawk^ will bate at it and
feize it, but not far off" that you may quickly help
her at the firli, left the Pidgeon liruggling with her (he
prove too ftrong,and fo difcourage your young Hawk -
then
0f 5)aM0 anti S)ausltinrr. 77
then let her plume and foot her, and feed her there-
upon, whittling the while, that (he may know it ano-
ther time : then hood her, and let her plume and tire
a little.
You may ufe her to Trains of Chicken and Quail ;
and when (he will feize readily by often Training, ride
out with her in the morning into the Fields, where
czW'm^youv SparroTV'haivk^io your Fift, and giving her
a bit or two, go with your Spaniels to feek fome Beavy
of young Quails, advancing your Fift aloft, that your
Ji^w^may fee them when they fpring, flying her at ad-
vantage : if (he kill reward her, &c. ii (he mifs, ferve
her with the Train of a Quail.
Let your Dogs hunt on your right hand when they
range, but efpecially when they queft and call, to the
end you may fhe better caft off your Harvk. When
your Hin?/; is throughly cntrtd and well nouzled, you
may then hold your hand low, for (he will now bate
at the Whur : but whaifoever you do, have a quick
eye and a good regard to the Spaniels, not coveting to
be too near them,but a little above them, that you may
let your Harvk. fly coafting at the advantage when the
Game fpringeth.
Of the Brancher, Soar, Mevod, and Haggard
Sparrow-hawk.
Having fpoken of the firft kind of Sparroivhatps^vvL,
the Eyefi, the other four in the Title of this Chapter
mu(t confequently be difccurfed of.
I (hall give you but few inftruifrions, for in effedtthe
fame Precepts that ferve (or the EyeJI will ferve alfo
for the Brancher^ Soar^ Mervd^ and Haggard Han>kj >
onely this, thefe four laft require not fo much pains to
be taken to make tliem know their Game as the Eyefiy
becaufe
7S SDf ?)aMjS aitu 5)aMinff.
beduCe they have been accuftomed to prey for thcm-
feWes.
Above all things, the Faulconer muft take them off ^
from their ill cuftom of carrying, and that may be done
by ferving them with great Trains, whelfcby they will
karn to abide on the (Jarry.
Be very mindful of coying them as much as you can, ,
for they will remember a kindnefs or injury better
than aiiy other Hawk^
If the Harvk^he newly taken, and will not feed, then
tub her Feet with warm flelh, whiftling to her, and I
fometimcs putting the flelh unto her Beak : if (he *
will not yer feed, rub her Feet with a live Bird ■■, if at
the crying of the Bird the Haivk^ feizeth it with herr
Feet, it is a figne fhc will feed •, then tear off the Sktni
and Fcatheris of the Bird's Breaft, and put the Bird ton
her Beak, and (he will cat;
When (he will feed upion your whiftle and chirp,
then hood her with a Rufter-hood, and feed her be-
times in the morning", and when (he hath endewed,
give her a Beaching in the day-time, and every time
you hood her, give her a bit or two -, at evening give
her the Brains of a Hen for her fupper : and in evefy
thing elfe order thcfe Harrh^ aforefaid, as you do the
Faukon and the reft.
Hew to mew Sparrow-hawks.
Some ufe to put their SparrDrp-harrk^'mto the Mew
as foon as they leave flying her, catting off both her
Bewcts, Lines, and knots of her JefTcs, and fo leave
them in the Mew till they are clean mewed.
If you will have your Sparrorv-haivk^to fly at Quail,
Partridge, or Pheafant-powr, then you mufl: draw her
in the beginning oi Aprils and bear her on the Fift till
(he be clean and throughly cnfcamed.
Others
€)f 5)atDlt0 anti 5)aM(nrr> 19
Others keep their Sparrorv-hawkj on the Pearch un-
til March^ and tlien throw them into the Mew, peper-
ing them for Lice, if they have any. Her Mew Ihould
be a Chamber aloft from the ground, ei)^!ic or nine
foot long, and about fix foot broad : her Windows
and Pearches mult be like the GcQiawks.
Her Mew being thus pirovided. in May go in to het
in an Evening by Candle-light, and taking her up foft-
ly-,pull out all her Train-fcatherS one after another : ( his
(hall make her mew the bftcr, cfpccially if you feed her
with hot meat and Birds, obferving a certain hour id
feed her in.
Once in fourteen days fet water before her in the
Mew : if you perceive (he hath any Feathers or Down
which Hand ftlring upon her Back,litting as if (he would
rouze, then fet her water fooner. If you put water.
by her continually, it delays her Mewing s and to
keep it always from her, caufeth her to mew her Fea-
thers uncleanly : but water once in a fortnight is the
beft Medium for her Mewing between thofe tv*/o ex-
tream?.
Thus having given you a fummary account of mo(f
Ha)vkf commonly inufe in England^ and in moll parts
oi Europe^ (hewing their Shapes, Complexions, Na-
tures, manner of Manning, Reclaiming, Ordering,
Luring, Flying, Mewing, &c. I (hall next give you
an account of the feveral Difeafes and Maladies they
aie fubjedt to, with their proper Cures and Remedies :
but before I (hall enter thereon, give me leave to in-
form the Ol^rager or Faulconer of his necelTary du-
ties.
Ef] . the
So £)f 5;aMjai mr\ i)mkm^
J): € Duty of a Faulconer; with tie cejfary.
Rules and Obfervations for him
to follow.
AFaukoner ought to confult and confider the
quality and mettle of his Haivkj^ and to know
which of them he (hall fly with early, and with which
late.
He muft be fond of his Hawj^^ patient, and cleanly
in keeping her from Lice, Mites, and the like Vermin.
He muft rather keep his Hatvk^ high and full of fle(h,
chan poor and low, which makes them more fub-
]td[ to infirmities than when they are in very good
plight.
Every night after flying, he murt give his Han^k^Cz-
fting, fometimes Plumage, fcmetimes Pellets of Cot-
ton, and fometimes Phylick, as he fliall find her difea-
fcd by her Cafting or Mewr.
Every night he mult make the place very clean un-
der her Pearch, that he may know by her Gafting whe-
ther the Hiajj^flands in need of Scourings upwards or
downwards.
Let him remember every Evening to weather his
Haxvk^^ excepting fuchdays wherein the hath bathed j
after which, in the Evening flie Ihould be put into a
warm Pvoom on a Pearch with a Candle burning by
her, where flie muft fit unhooded, if flie be not ram-
mage, to the intent flie prune and pick her felf, and
rcjoyce by enoiling her felf after bathing : and in the
morning he ought to weather her, and let her caft, if
Hie hath not done it already, keeping her ftill hooded
till he carry her to the field.
In
€)f 5)attilijes anti ?)atuliinfr4 8 1
In feeding his Hi/rri^he muft have a care of feeding
her. with two fons of meat at one time i and what he
giveth her muli be very fweer.
If he have an occafion to go abroad, let him have a
care that he pearch not his Hjwi^ too high from the
ground, for fear of bating and hanging by the Heels,
whereby (he may fpoil her felf.
He ought to carry to the Field with him Mummy
in powder, with other Medicines s for frequently the
Hin'j^ meets with many accidents, as bruifes at encoun-
ters, &c. neither mult he forget to carry with him any
of his ncceffary Hawking-implements.
Laftly, he mult be able to make his Lures, Hood?
of all forts, Jefies, Bewcts, and other needful Furr/-
ture for his Hawk^: neither mu(t he be without his
Coping-Irons to cope his Haivl^s Beak, if it be over-
grown, and to cope her Pounces and Talons, as need
Itiall require : neither muft he be without his Gauteri-
zing-Irons.
Let thcfe Inftrudions fuffice, I being willing to leave
the reft to the care and obfervation of the ingenious
Faulconer*
Of Difeafes anci dangerous Accidents in-
cident to HAWKS, and their
feveral Cures.
IT is neccffary for a skilful Faulcoiier not onely to
know how to Man, Reclaim, Keep, Fly, Imp, ..'id
Mew his Harvkj, with other things pertinent to that
purpofe h hilt alfo to know their Difeafes, with th?
proper Cures of them, and other Accidents frequenrlK
[ f 2 ] betal-
S2 £Df !l)aW0 aiin paMuitir.
befalling Haivk^ , both in their Fights and other-
ways.
Before we fhall charadlerize their Maladies and pre-
fcribe Rules for their Cures, it will not be irrequifite to
tell you that Harvkj.SiS well as men,( which feems fome-
what ftrange) have four Complexions, the true indi-
cators of their natures : and as in man his natural
Compkdtion and Conllitution is known by his Skin,
(b is the Temperament and natural Difpofition of a
Hatvk by her Coat and Plume. This opinion hath
not been onely averr'd by the Ancients, but conhrmed
by the modern experience of the Skilful in the noble
Art of Hawking. Take it in this manner.
Faulcons that are black^zrt MelancboUck^^ and are to
be phyficked with hot and moift Medicines, becaufe
their Complexion is cold and dry \ for which purpofc
Aloes, Pepper, Cocks- fielh, Pigeons, Sparrows, Goats-
flclli, and the like, are very good.
Faulcons biaii\^xQ Phlegmatic}^ and niuft have Phy-
fick h(<l and dry, becaufe Phlegm is ^old and moift >
to which purpofe Cinaman, Cloves, Cardamomum,
Goats- flelh, Chouglrs, &c, are very good.
Faulcons KujJ'ct are Sanguine and Cholerick indiffe-
rently mix'd, and their Phylick mull be cold, mode-
rately moilt and dry, as Myrtles, Caifia-hrtula, Tama-
rind=, Vinc^rar, lambs-ficlh, and Pullets.
Thus much for the Complexions : Now for the
Difcafcs and their Cures.
"O/Odlings, i^W Mew tings, either good or had
according to their fever al Complexions
and Smells.
C.ilt/iigs arc of two forts, flumai^e^ ot Cotton : the
iatt-r is mollcojrimonly given in Pellets, which muft be
about the bigncfs of an Hazie-nut, made of line foft
white
white Cotton : after (he hath fupp'd you muft convey
this into her Gorge.
In the morning diligently obferve how (he hath
rolled and calt it, whereby you (hill know whether
(he be in a bad or good condition: for example, if (he
calt it round, white, not (linking, nor very moi/i or
waterifh, you may conclude her found i but if (he roll
it not well, but calt it long, with properties contrary
to the former, then (he is unfound and full ot Difea-
fes.
Befides, if her Cafting be either black green, yellow-
i(h, ilimy, or (linking, it denotes your Han\ to be
difeafed. The former Cafiing is remedied by hot
meats '■, the latter by feeding her well, and Wdfhing
her meats in cool water, as ot' Endive,6^c. and give her
one or two Ga(iings of Cotton, incorporating there-
with Incenfe and Mummy. Eut if (he continue not-
withlknding in this condition, give her an upward
Scowring made thus : Take Aloes pulverized ore
fcruple, powder of Glove four grains, powder of Gu-
bebs three grains s incorporate thefe, and wrap them
in Cotton, and give it your Hatfk^cmpiy^ having na
meat in her Pannel.
Cading of Plumage is to be obdrvcd as the former
Ca(Hng : that is, if in the morning you find them
round and not (linking, it is a good ligne > but if long,
flimy, with indigefted flelh (iicking to the fame, and
having an ill fcent, it is very bad. Here note, that
by how much the more fweet or (linking the Calling
is, by fo much is the iizw/^in a better or woife con-
dition.
Metvts mu(l be obferved as well as Caftings, in this
manner : If the Mewt be white, not very thick nor
clear, having no black fpot in it, or but very little, it is^
allgne of the heakhy conflitution of the tiiin\\ but
if it be white and very thick in the middle, though it
[ f 3 ] cloth
84 ©f f^mk^ aixt} rpaujkino:*
doth not import ficknefs, yet it (heweth her to be too
grofsand over-full of Greafe i which you muft remedy
by giving her moirt meats, as the Heartof a Calf or
Lamb,e>'c. and for two mornings after give her fome
Sugar-candy., or elfe the Gut of a Chicken well waftit
and hll'd with Ovl-Olive : either of thefe will fcour her,
and make her to flife freely.
It is a very bad and mortal fignc, to fee your Har;p}^s
Mewt full of variety of colours : therefore you mutt
fpeedily prevent enfuingmifchiefs by giving her Mum-
my purified and beaten to powder, wrapping it in Cot-
ton.
If -the Mewt be more yellow then white, then doth
ihe abound with Choler proceeding from great Flights
in hot weather, alfo from much Bating. This is reme-
died by wafhing her meat in Buglofs, Endive, Borage,
and fuch-like cold Wafers, wringing thefaid meat af-
ter you have fo wafhed it.
The black^Mewt is a moft deadly figne, and if it con-
tinue four days (he will peck over the Pearch and die.
If (he mewt fo but once, there is no great danger, for it
proceeds either from the Blood or Guts ot the Fowl in
tiring, or elfe from being gorged with fikhy meats : in
this cafe give her good warm meat and Cotton-carting,
with the powder of Gloves, Nutm.eg, and Ginger, or
Mummy alone.
If the Mewt be green^ it is a bad (igne, and denotes
her troubled with an infccfled and corrupt Liver, or
with fomeAportume, unlefs (he be a Rammage-H<;i»'i^,
and then that figne holds not good. Her cure is, by
feeding her with meat powdered with Mummy i if
(be will not take it with her Food, then give it her in
a Scowring or Calling: but if this ill-coloui'd Mew-
ting contiiuie liill, then give her a Scowring of Agarick,
aodatter that another ot Incenfe pulverized to comfort
her.
The
The dark fangmne Mewt with a black in it is the
moft deadly llgne of all, and differs but little, if any
thing, from the former black Mewt. A Han>h^ mew-
ting after this manner is irrecoverable, and therefore it
is needlefs to prefcribc a Cure.
Laftly, the gray Mewt like four Milk, is a mortal
token, yet curable, as (hall be fhewn hereafter.
Thus you fee how requifite it is for a Faulconer to
obferve diligently every morning liis Hiw]\s CalVmgs
and Mewtings, that knowing thereby their Maladies,
he may timely find e out their Remedies. Let us now
proceed to their particular Difeafes.
Of the Catarad.
The Catara^ in the Eyes of a Harvl{, is a malady not
cafily removed, and fometimes incurable, when it is
too thick and of a long continuance.
it proceedeth from grofs Humours in the Head,which
frequently do not onely dim, but extinguilh the fight :
and fometimes the Hood is the caufe of this mif-
chief.
The cure mufl: be effeded by Scowring her two or
three days with Aloes or Agarick: then take the pow-
der of waQit Aloes finely beaten one fcruple, and two
fcruples of Sugar-candy s mingle thefe together, and
with a Quill blow it into your Harvi^^s Eye afflidcd as.
aforefaid three or four times a day. This is the gcntlelt
and mort Soveraign Medicine of any yet I have tried.
But if this will not do, you mult ufe Wronger Medicines,
as the juice of Celandine-roots, bathing their eyes often
with warm Rofc- water wherein hath been boil'd the
feeds of Fenugreek. /
Of the Pantas or Afthma.
The Tantus is a daDgerous Diftemper, and kwHarvkf
cfcape which are afflidted therewith. It happens when
the Lungs arc as it were fo baked by exceirive hear,
that the Han>]^ cannot draw her breath, and when
drawn, cannot well emit it again. You may judge
of the beginning, of this Diftemper by the Hatvl^s la-
bouring much in the Pannel, moving her Train of-
ten up ^nd down at each motion oi her Pannel \ and
(he cannot many tinnes mewt or flife> or if (he do, (he
drops it fa(\ by her. It is known likewife by your
Haivk^s frequent opening her Clap and Beak.
The beft Remedy is, to fcour your H^b?!;^ with good
Oyl-Olive well walhed in feveral Waters till it become
clear and white, w;hich you mult do after this manner :
Take an earthen Pot with a fmall hole in the bottom
thereof, which you mu(t ftop with your Finger i then
pour therein yourOyl with a quantity of Water, and
coil thefe together with a Spoon till, the Water grow
darkifli » after which remove your Finger, and the
Vi'arer will run out, but the Oyl remain beiiind floating
on the topi thusdofeven or eight times, till you have
throughly purified the Oyl : Then take a Sheep's Gut
above an Inch long for a Faulcon and Gofhawk, but
of lefs length for Icfler Hawks^ and fill it with this
Pyl, and taften it with Thread at both ends. Your
HzMPJ^ having hrfl cafl: , convey this Cut into her
Throat, holding her on the FiU till (he make a A^cwti
an hour after (he hath done mcwting feed her with a
Calf's Heart or a Pullet's Leg, giving her every third
or fourth day a Cotton calting with Cube^s and
Cloves. I (hill onely adde one Receipt more for the
Vantoi or Aiihm.i^ and that is the Oyl of fweet Al-
rrionds pjurcd into a wa(ht Chicken's Gut, and given
* the
the Han>k i which is of great efficacy in the cure of this
Plfeafe.
Of Worms.
There are a fort of Worms an Inch long, which
frequently afflid Ha»>kr, proceeding from grofs and
vifcous Humours in the Bowels, occafioned through
want of natural heat and ill digeftion.
You may know when (be is troubled with them by
her casing her Gorge, her (Unking Breath, her trem-
bling and writhing her Train, her croaking in the
night, her offering with her Beak at her Breaft or Pan-
nel, and by her Mcwt being fmall and unclean.
You may cure her of them with aScowringof wa(ht
Atoes, Hcpatick, Mu(^ard-feed, and Agarick, of each an
equal quantity i or the powder of Harts-horn dried ;
or lalUy, a Scowring of white Dittander, Aloes, Hepa-
tick walht four or hve times, Cubebs, and a little Saf-
fron wrapt in Come ilelh, to caufe her to take it the bet-
ter.
Cfthe Filauders,
There are feveral forts of Filanders^ but I (hall fpeak
but of one lacking to the Reins. They are Worms as
fmall as a Thread, and about an Inch long, and lie
wrapt up in a thin Skin or Net near the Reins of a
Havek^y apart from either Gut or Gorge.
You (hall know when your f/jwJ^is troubled with
them, by her poverty, by ruffling her Train, by ftrain-
ing th(2 Fill or Pearch with her Pounces, and lallly, by
croaking in the night when the Filanders prick her.
You mull remedy this Malady betimes, before thefe
Worms have enlarged ihemfelves from their proper
Ikcion, roving elfew hut to your HarpJ^s ruine and de-
itruaion. You
You muft not kill fhem as other Worms, for fear of
Impoftumes from their corruption, being incapable to
pafs away with the Hatp](s Mewt i but onely ftupifie
them, that they may beofFenfi\re but feldom i and that
is done thus : Take a head of Garlick, taking away
the outmoft rinde •, then with a Bodkin heated in the
fire, make holes in (bme Cloves, then ftcep them in
Cyl three days, and after this give her one of the Cloves
down her Throat, and for forty days after (he will not
be troubled with the Filanders. Wherefore a Faulco-
■ner will (hew himfelf prudent, if, feeing his Havi\
low and poor, he give her once a month a Clove of this
Garlick for prevention of the Filanders.
Another approved Medicine for Filanders or
Worms in Hawks.
Take half a doicn Cloves of Garlick, boil them in
Milk until they are very tender,then take them out and
dry the Milk out of thems then put them into a fpoon-
ful o( the be(\ Oyl of Olives you can get , and when
fbc hath caft, in the morning give thefe to your Havi>\^
feed her not in two hours after, and be fure it be warm
meat, and not much, and keep her warm that day for
fear of taking cold i give her the Oyl with the Gar-
lick : they muft fteep all night.
Of Hawks Lice.
Thefe Lice do moft infeft the Head, the Ply of a •
Haivi^s Wings, and her Train. In the Winter you
may kill them thus : Take two drams of Pepper bea-
ten to powder, and mingle it with warm Water, and
with this Lotion wa(h the places infe(\ed with thefe
Lice or Mites : then fet your Hawk^ on a Pearch witii
lieif
ler Back and Train againft the Sun;, then hold in
our hand afmall Stick about a handful long, with a
)icce of foft Wax at the end oi it, and with that
whilft the Han>k is weathering her felf ) take away
hofe Vermin crawling upon the Feathers. You may
lo well to adde to the Pepper and Water fome Staves-
cre
In the Summer-time you may kill the Lice with
iuTipgrnemum beaten to powder, and ftrowcd on the
>laces where they lie.
Afafe and eafie way to kill Lice in Hawks.
Mail your Hawk^ in a piece of Cotton, if not in
ome Woollen-Gloath, and put between the Head and
ler Hood a little Wooll or Cotton : then take a Pipe
,f Tobacco, and , putting the little end in at the
rream, blow the Smoak , and what Lice efcape k.I-
ing, will creep into the Cloath. This is a certain
vay.
Hovo to keep and maintain all manner of
Hawks in health, good plight,
and liking.
In the firft place, never give them a great Gorge,
Specially cf grofs meats, as Beef, Pork, and fuch as are
lard to be endewed and put over. . . ^ „ ^
Secondly, never feed them with theHelhot anyBealt
:hat hath lately gone to Rut •, for that will infcnfibly
leiiroy them. .
Thirdly, if you are conftrained to give your Han>K.
^roCs food, let it be well (oaked hrl\ in clean Water,
md afterwards fufficiently wrung s in Sunjmer with
'Old Water, in Winter with luke-warm Water.
Ever
po ©f 5)aM0 ant! fpaMtng.
Ever obferve to reward your Hutvk^ with feme goo
live meat, or elfe they will be brought too low : how
ever, the ferving them with wafht meats is the way tij
keep them in health. |
I (hall conclude how to keep Hawks in perfe(5t healtl '
with this moft excellent Receipt. Take Germander
Pelamountain, Bafil,Grummel-(ccd,and Broom- flower*
. of each half an ounces Hyffop, Saflifras, Polypodium
and Horfe-mints, cf each a quarter of an ounce, anc
the hke of Nutmegs > Cubebs, Borage, Mummy, Mug-
wort. Sage, and the four kinds of Mirobolans, ofeacf-
half an ounce ; of Aloes Succotrine the hfth part of ar
ounce, and of Saffron one whole ounce. AM thefe
you muft pulverize, and every eighth or twelfth day
give your Harv]^ the quantity of a Bean thereci with
their meat. It rhey will not take it fo, put it into a
Hens Gut tied at both ends, and let him ftand empty
an hour afcer.
Of the Formica.
This is a Diftempcr which commonly feizeth on the
Horn oiHawl^ Beaks, which will eat the Beak away :
and this is occafioned by a Worm, as mort men are of
opinion.
You may perceive it by this^the Beak will grow rug-
ged, and it will begin to feparate from the Head. °
To remedy this Malady, vou muft take the Gall of
a Bull, and break it into a Difh, and adde thereto the
powder of Aloes-Succatrine : mingle thefe well toge-
ther, and anoint the Clap or Beak of your HawhjhcxC'
with,and the very place where the Formica grows,twice
a day i but touch not her Eyes or Nares : continue thus
doing till your Harvkja^ perfedtly cured, and bathe her
with Orpimcnt and Pepper to keep her from other
Vermin.
Of
. of the Frownce.
The Frotfnce proceedeth frjom moift and cold Hu-
lours which defcend from the Han>l(s Head to the Fa-
,te and root of the Tongue, by means whereof they
)fe their appetite, and cannot clofe their Clap. This
y fome is called the Eagles-hane » for (he feldom dieth
f age, but of the over- growing of her Beak.
You may know if your Harvk^be troubled with this
)iaempcr,by opening her Beak, and feeing whether her
fongue be fwoln or no : if it be, (he hath it.
There are feveral ways to cure this Diftemper, but
he beft that ever yet I could find for it, is, onely to
ake the powder of Alume reduced to a Salve with
Irong wine-vinegar, and wa(h the Happlis Mouth
herewith.
To cure the dry Frownce.
Take a Quill and cut it in the (hapeof a Pen, and at
:he other end tie a fine little Rag \ with one end fcrape
Dff the white Skin which you will fee in the Mouth or
rhroat of your Hjw>^ until it bleedcth : then with
the other end walh it with the juice of Lemon or
VVhite-wlne-Vinegar very clean i then take a little
burnt Alume, and fome of a Shoe-foal burnt upon
Wood- coals and beaten to powder-, mix them, and
lay them on the place or places \ but let your Harvk^
have no meat above, nor be ready to be fed : by this
1 have cured many.
OftheV\^.
The Tij) frequently troubleth Hawk! -, as it doth
Chickens, and proceedeth from cold and moiibefs of
the
^2 S>tl0atiiH aitti ^atnkiitfi:.
the Head, or from feeding on grofs meat not well waf
in warm Water in the Winter, and cold Water in tl
Summer.
The Symptoms of this Diftemper are the Hawl
frequent Sniting,and making a noife twice or thrice
her Sniting.
For the Cure hereof, you muft caft your Haxpk^^en
ly, and look upon the tip of her Tongue, and if yr
find the Pip there, you muft fcour her with a P
made of Agarick and Hiera picra given two or thr
days together with her Carting at night i this w
cleanfe her Head, and the fooner if (he be made to ti
againft the Sun in the Morning : Then bind a litt
Cotton to the end of a Stick, and dipping it in goc
Rofe-water wa(h her Tongue therewith : after th
anoint it three or four days with Oyl of fweet Almonn
and Oyl - olive well waftied as aforefaid. Having
done, you will Hnd the Pip all white and foft: then tall
an Awl, and with the point thereof lift up the Pipfoi
ly, and remove it, as Women pip ther Chickens, but r
move it not till it be throughly ripe i and wet h
Tongue and Palate twice or thrice a day with the
forelaid Oyl, till ftie be throughly cured.
How to remedy that Hawk which Endew^
eth not , nor Putteth over as
jhe Jhould do.
This happens either by being foul within, or by
Surfeit i or clfe when (he was low and poor her Keep
over-gorged her, by being too haiiy to fet her up, ar
(he being weak was not able to put over and endev
and furfcited thereupon.
The Cure whereof is this : You muft feed her wit
light meatSjand a little at oncfjas with young Rats an
an
0tmm& anti i^atukitiff* 93
md Mice, Chickens or Mutton dipt in Goats-milk or
)therwire i or give her a quarter of a Gorge of the
'olk of an Egg.
If you feed her with the flcfli of any living Fowl,
irrt fteep it v^^ell in the blood of the fame Fowl, fo (hall
'our Harvk^ mount her flefli apace \ if you alfo fcour
ler with Pills made of Lard, Marrow of Beef, Sugar
md Saffron mixM together, and given her three mor-
lings together, giving her alfo a reafonable Gorge two
lOurs after.
^oiv to make a Hawk feed eagerly that hath
loft her Appetite i without hinging her low.
A Harpl^mzy lofe her Appetite by taking too great
jorges in the Evening, which (he cannot well endew i
ir by being foul in the Pannel i or fometimes by Colds.
To remedy which, take Aloes Succotrina, boil'd Su-
;ar, and Beef marrow, of each alike, onely lefs of the
Uoes s incorporate thefe, and make them into Balls
>r Pills as big as Beans, and give of them to your
^^a Jl^, and hold her in the Sun till (he hath cal^ up the
tlth and (lime within her j then feed her not till noon,
,t which time give her good meat » and three days af-
er for the fame Difeafe it is good tiring on Stock-
loves, fmall Birds, Fvats or Mice.
How to raife a Hawk that is low and poor.
The Poverty of a H^wil;, happens feveral ways: ei-
her by the ignorance of the Faulconer of fome latent
arking Diliemper j or by her foaring away, and fo
leing loft four or five days, in which time, finding little
ir no Prey, (he becomes poor and lean.
Tofet her up you mu(\ feed her, a little at once, and
ften, with good.meatand of light dig<jftion, as fmall
Birds
94 S)f f^mu aiitJ 16)iitokntg*
Birds, Rats, Mice, &c. Or thus : take two fpoonfuls
cf Honey, four of frelh Butter, and boil them together
in a new earthen pot of Water ■■, then take Pork well
wafncd, and iieep it in that Water, giving your Hatvk
a rea(ohable Gorge thereof twice a day, warming the
faid Water when you intend to feed your HatvJ{\ and
get fome Snails that breed in running Waters, and give
them her in the morning, and they will not onely fcour
away the grofs flimy humours which are within, but al-
fo nourifla her exceedingly.
, ■ ^ 1
How to remedy a Hawk that is Jlothfuly
and jsaverfe to fly i fig.
A Hzw/^ frequently hath no minde to fly, either by
reafon of her ill keeping, that is, when (he is kept by
thofe wh6 know not how to give her her Rights, as
bouzing, bathing, c^c. or becaufe thejF/^n?l^is too high
and full of greafe, or too poor and low : by the firft (be
becomes proud and coy, and by the latter fo weak that
(he wants Orength and fpirit to perform it.
For the curing of which Dil^emper, (he ought to be
thoroughly view'd by fome skilful Faulconer, by whom
fuch Remedies (hould be adminiftred to her as are need-
ful for her : but above all, there is nothing like giving
her in a morning three or four Pills of Celandine well
walht.
Of Svooln Feet in a Hawk.
Jtiarvl^ have Swelling in their Feet upon feveral ac-
counts : fometirhes by chaling their Feet in flying their
Prey, firiking it, and taking cold thereupon ■-, fometimes
for want of rolling or lining the Pearch with fome foft
warm cloath i or elfe through grofs humours and
foulncfs within, vvhich through exercife drop down in-
to their Feet, and fo caufe them to fwell ; laftly, this
Swelling
DiTeafeies atiti €nttn of |)alt)fe^* 9$
fwelling happens by pricks when they fly fiercely into
Bu(hes after Game.
For a Remedy , you muft fcour your Hawk three
mornings together with the pills of Lard , Marrow,
Sugar and Saffron, and fet her in the Sun : two days
after this feed her with good meat : then take Bale-
Armoniack , and half the quantity ot Sanguis VracO'
nU » and having made them into powder, temper them
well together with the White of an Egg and Rofe-wa-
ter, and anoint her Feet twice a day three or four days
together, fetting her on fome Cloth to keep her Feet
warni.
How to fcour Hawks hefore you ctift them
into the Mew.
when Mewing-time is come, you muft fcour and
cleanfe your Hawks \ for in luring and flying time by
ifoul feeding they ingender Filanders and other Diltem-
pers, whereof they die for want of timely care and cure.
When you fet down your Hawk ufe the fame as you
find Page 24<5, which will not only kill the Worm, but
fcour a Hawk alfo.
The beft way is, ( when you mean to caft a Hawk
into the Mew ) firft to fcour her well according to for-
mer directions, to cope her, and fet her up well in flefti,
todifcharge her as near as you can of all Difeafes , alfo
to free her from Mites and Lice, to fet her Water,{bme-
times to feed her with young Rats, Mice, Dogs-fle(h^
Pigeons, Rabbets, and now and then with fome liquid
thing and meats laxative.
Take notice of this fpecial Obfervation : A Hag-
gard is not to be caft in loofe to the Mew , but is to
be mewed on the Fift ■■, for otherwife (he will be-
come too coy and ftrange : and if ftie fall to bating
Cs] and
9^ Difeafeis ann Curejs of 5)aUiltsf.
and beating herfelf for heat, then muft you hood hci
up, or befpout her with cold water, which is the readi-
eft way to make her leave Bating.
You muft continue her on the Fift till (he begin to
fhed her Feathers i then fet her down, and tie her to a
Stone or Pearch , as you do the reft •, and after ftie
hath mewed and comes to fly , then let her ftand on a
Block or Billet cafed or rolled. In the fame manner
mew GoUiawks, Tierces, and Sparrow-hawks i onely
they will not be born on the Fift, but be at hberty in
the Mew, andvery cleanly fervcd.
Fifteen or twenty days before you draw your Hawk
out of the Mew , you muft begin to abate her of her
diet, the fooner and better to enfeam her. And forget
not to feed her with waflied meat, which will prevent
many dangers that may follow.
Many more Difeafes there are incident , and Acci-
dents happening to Hawks, of which with their Cures
there are large Difcourfes written in Italian , French
and Englijh , and therefore I thought fit to infert in
this place no other Maladies than what moft ufually
occur ; If you defire to be further fatisfied , I (hall re-
fer you to thofe larger and ( it may be ) lefs ufeful
Volumes.
An
An Abftrad
Of fuch
STATUTE-LAWS
As concern
HAWKING.
STat.ii H. 7. cap. 17. BOItC (tjaH UU OUt
oftfteJOeftait)? €m^ of f atiicon, c^af=
J)aM, Lanner, o^^tuan, m pant of a peat
anu a naj^gi impia'onment , ano to incui- a
jfine at t\)t il^uln:0 pieafure, to be HiUiisets
tetluiict tije ^KiixQ nm tlje otoner of t\\t
^lotttm tnljete tfje €m^ fljall be Co takein
I I, ii^one ftjail bare anp JpaM of Cnglil!)
teeU calleti an €per0, ^jDOftjatok^Caflel nan-
tter, Lnnneret, o? jf atiicon^ in pain to forfeit
tbefametotljeJl^iing.
I I I, ipe tbat btintjis an €jef0 from beponti
tbe ^ea, fljall |)atie a Certificate luiiser tfje
Cuftomer0 Seal Uiljere fte lanti-s , o? if out
of Scotland, tften uuner t(je Seal of tfte !Lo?ti=
OLlartien oi im Lieutenant, teftifping tljat
(be 10 a fo^rein "^mk^ upon tlje like pain of
fo^feitinn: tbe ^pauik^
I V, i^one fljall take o^ fear atnap ani? of
tbe 5)auiki3 abobefain from tbeir €obert?5
tuberetbep ufe tob^eetJ, in pain of loi. to
be recoberet! before ^ufticeis of I0eace3 and
tiibineti betUJijct tlje Emg ann tbe jp?ofecu-
to|,
• [g2] . Stat,
'fe.
^8 ^tf^nmim.
Stat. 34 Edw. 3. cap. 22. ^ 5)aM taltett up
ftall fcetielttieteti to Uje ^ftenff, UjJo afcec
proclamation mane iit tftc ® ackct-CoUjnjs
of tfjeComttp (ifdjallengcQ) fl)all neitet
Ijccto tljenn:6t omtu
I f- 31f tlje ipaluk tiiere taken up hv a mean
man, ann ht not cftallengeti initljin jfoui:
^onetW, tfje mtti^ (fiall Detain 6er, ratify
fpimy tfte pattp foi takino: fieci Ijut if Ijp a
man of ^ftate, tuljo maj> con^enfentlp keep
an Datnk^tlje ©fjenffajalfrcfto^e Ijee to fjim
aixainjljeanfiuennufoetlje cfjargeof keep-
ino: Ijer.
1 1 1. 3,f anj) no take atoap o? conceal a
^aick, fie (Ijall anfiuee tfie lvalue thereof to
tfte otDner , anti fuffet tloo ^eatjs impnfxm-
ment » ann in cafe Ije lie not able to anftoer
tlje \3alue3 Ije fijall temain in l??ifon a lonffec
time*
srat.37 Edw. 3. cap. ip. ![)e tfjat ffeal0 aim
carrier aii3ap an ipaiukj not ofafemng tftc
£D?timance of 34Edw. 3.22.fljau tieueemeUa
ifelon*
FINIS.
THE
GENTLEMAN'S
^Recreation :
Containing
DIRECT RULES
For the Famous Game of
FOWLING:
With Inftruffions for the taking of
all manner of LAND and
WATERFOWL.
Whether by Fowling-piece, Net,
Engine, orotherways.
With a fliort Account of
Singing-Birds.
To which is added
An Abftraa of all Statute or Penal-
Laws relating to that curious Art.
"Clje C6it5 patt*
London : Printed by jF. C. and /^ C. for N» Co
lOI
#
J^
m
^^^♦2
O F
FOWLING:
OR,
The compleat ^rt and Secrets of
, Fowling, either by Water or
by Land^accordingto ancient and
modern Experience.
Wljat Fowling is ; with the nature and diverfity
of aH manner o/FowI.
FOWLING is ufed tworranner of ways :
either by Enchantment^or Enticement s by vvin-
ning or wooing the Fowl unto you by Pipe,
Whiftle, or Call \ or elfe by Engine, which unawares
furprizeth them.
Fowl are of divers forts, which alter in their nature
as their Feathers i butbyreafon of their multiplicity,
I Qiall for brevity-fake diftinguiOi them ondy into two
kinds, Land and Water-Fowl.
[g4] ^"^
102 Of iToMirto:*
The Water-fowl are fo called from the natural de-
light f hey ftill take vn and about the Water , gathering
from thence all their food and nutriment.
Here note, that Water-fowl are in their own nature
the fubtileft and wifeft of Birds, and moft careful of
their own fafety : Hence fhey have been formerly com-
pared to an orderly and well-governed Camp, having
Scouts on land afar off, Courts of Guards, Sentinels,and
all forts of other watchful Officers furrounding the bo-
dy, to give an alarm on any approach of fteming dan-
ger.
For in your obfervation you may take notice , that
there will be ever fome ftraggling Fowl , which lie a-
loof from the greater number , which ftlU call firft.
Now it is the nature of Water-fowl to fly in great ^
Flocks, having always a regard to the general fafety >
fo that if you fee a fingle Fowl, or a couple fly toge-
ther, you may imagine they have been fomewhere af-
frighted from the reft by fome fudden amazement or
apprehenfion of danger : but fo naturally are they in-
clined to fociety, that they feldom leave wing till they
meet together again. And this is occafioncd not only
by the near approach of men, but alfo by the beating of
Haggards on the River?, as alfo by the appearance of
the very bold Buzzard and Hing-taih
Of Water-fowl there are two forts \ fuch as live of
the water, and fuch as live on the water : the one ta-
king their fuftenance from the water without fwHnming
thereon, but wading and diving for it with their long
Legs : The other are Web-focted and fwim, as the
Svpan^ Gonfe , Mallard^ 8cc.
Of
SDf jrotoHnn;. 105
0/ the Haunts of Fowl.
THc thins of ereateft moment for the Fowkr to un-
derftand, is the Haunts of Fowl. In order there-
unto you are to underftand, that all forts of greater
FowUiz. thofe who divide the foot, have their refi-
dence by the edge of Rivers that are (hallow, Brooks,
and Plafties oi water : and thefe appear not m V locks,
but you fhall fee here one fingle, there a couple, and the
likev which makes them difficult to be taken by En-
gine or Device •, but they are the bcft flights for Haw]^
that can be imagined.
Likewife thefe Fowl delight m low and boggy pla-
ces i and the more fedgie, marilh and rotten tuch
grounds are, the fitter they are for the hauntmgofthele
\hey love alfo the dry parts of drowned Fens,which
are overgrown with tall and long Rulhes, Reeds, and
Sedges. , ._ ,
Laftly they delight in half-drowned Moors, or the
hollow vales of Downs, Heaths, or Plains, where there
is Ihelter either of Hedges, Hills, Tufts of BuOies or
Trees, where they may lurk obfcurely.
Now the leffer Fowl, which are Web-footed, haunt
continually drowned Fens , where they nnay have
continually plenty of Water, and may fwim un-
difturbed by man or beaft : Their haunt is likewife
in the m.ain Streams of Rivers, where the Current
is fwifielt and leaft fubjed to freez •, and the broader
and deeper fuch Rivers are, the greater delight thefe
Fowl take therein , the fFiid-gofe and B^^m^c/e ex-
cepted, who abide no Waters above their foundmg i
for when they cannot reach the Ouze , they inftant-
Iv remove thence, feeking out more (hallow places.
^ Thele
104 2Df f oMtno;.
Thefe two laft named are infinitely delighted with
green Winter-corn , and therefore you (hall fee them
evermore where fuch Grain is fown , efpecialiy if the
ends of the Lands have much water about them.
Like wife thefe fmaller Fowl do very much frequent
fmall Brooks, Rivers, Ponds, drowned Meadow?, Pa-
ftures, Moors, Plafhes, Meres, Loughs and Lakes, efpe-
cialiy if well ftored with lHands unfrequented, and well
furniflied with Shrubs , Ba(hes, Reeds, f^c. and then
they will breed there, and frequent fuch places both
Summer and Winter.
The readieji way of taking great Fowl
with NETS.
THe firrt thing you are to confider , is the making
of your Nets, which muft be of the beft Pack-
thread, with great and large Mefhes, at leaft two In-
ches from point to point : for the larger the Mefties
are, ( fo that the Fowl cannot creep through ther-D )
the better it is » for they more certainly intangle
them.
Let not your Nets be above two fathom deep, and
(ix in length , which is the greateft proportion that a
man is able to overthrow. Verge your Net on each
fide with very ftrong Cord, and extend it at each end
upon long Poles made for that purpofe.
Having thus your Nets in readinefs, let the Fowler
obferve the haunts of Fowl, that is to fay, their Mor-
ning and Evening feedings, coming at lealt two hours
before thofe feafons j then fpreading his Net fmooth
and flat upon the ground, flaking the two lower ends
tirm thereon, let the upper ends ftand extended upon
the long Cord, the farther end thereof being ftaked
fait
SDf JToUJlinff* IG5
faft down to the Earth two or three fathom from the
Net •, and let the ftake which ftaketh down the Cord
(land in a dired and even line with the lower Verge of
the Net, the diftance ftil! obferved : then the other
end of the Cord, which muft be at leaft ten or twelve
fathom long, the Fowler fhall hold in his hand at the
uttermoft diftance aforefaid, where he ftiall make fome
artificial (belter either of Grafs, Sods, Earth, or fuch
like matter, whereby he may lie out of the fight of the
Fowl.
Obferve to let the Net lie fo ready for the Game,
that upon the leaft pull it may rife from the Earth and
fly over.
Strew over all your Net, as it lies upon the ground,
fome Grafs, that you may hide it from the Fowl. It
will not be amifs ( but altogether requifite ) to ftakt*
jdown near your Net a live Hern, or fome other Fowl'
/formerly taken, for a Stale. When you obferve a com-
petent number of Fowl come within the verge of your
Net, then draw your Cord fuddenly, and fo caft the
Net over them : Continue thus doing till the Sun be
near an hour high, and no longer i for then their fee-
ding is over for that time i and fo do at Evening from
about Sun-fet till Twilight. By this means you may not
only take great quantities of larger Wild-fowl, but alfo
Tlover , jwhich takes his food as much from Land as
Water.
How to take fma/l Water-fowl with Nets.
LEt your Nets be made of the fmalleft and ftrongeft
packthread, and the Mefties nothing near fo big
as thofe for the greater Fowl, about two foot and a
half or three foot deep? line thefe Nets on both fides
with falfo Nets, every Mefti being about a foot and
a
io6 £[)f fomuxv;.
a half fquare each way, that as the Fowl ftrikethei.
ther through them or againft them, fo the fmaller Net
may pals through the great MeOies , and fo ftreighten
and entangle the Fowl. °
Thde Nets you muft pitch for the Evcning-flight of
Fowl before Sun-fet, flaking them down on each fide of
the River about half a foot within the water,the lower
fide of the Net being fo pIumbM that it may fink fo far
and no farther : Let the upper fide of the Net be pla-
ced flantwife, Oioaling againft the water, yet not touch-
ing the water by near two footi and let the ftrines
which fupport this upper fide of the Net be faftned fo
fmal yielding Sticks prickt in the Bank, which as the
fowl ftrikesmay give liberty to the Net to run and
entangle them. Thus place feveral ofthefeNets over
divers parts of the River, about twelvefcore one from
another, or as the River or Brook fhall give leave ; and
be confident , if any Fowl come on the River that
night, you (hall have your (hare.
And that you may the fooner obtain your defire take
your Gun and go to all the Fens and Plafhes that are a
good diftance from your Nets, and fire it three or four
times i which will fo affright the Fowl, that they will
inliantly poft to the Rivers i then plant your Nets upon
thefe Fens and Pla(hes. ^
In the Morning go firft to the River and fee what
f-owl are there furprized i and having taken them up
with your Nets, if you efpy any Fowl on the River
dilcha^ge your Gun, which will make them fly to the
tens and Pla(hes, and then go and fee what you have
taken : Thus you (liall be fure to be futnifhed with
fome, though there be never fo few abroacf .
■1
Hofp
jDf f otDling. '°7
Horn to take aU manner offmall Birds
with Bird-Lime.
•IN cold weather, that is to fay, in Ftoft or Snow, all
1 forts offmall Birds do congregate in Flocks,as Larks,
StZcm, &c. all thefe but the LarKio perch on Trte
orBulhesas well as feed on the ground If you per-
ceive they refort about your Houfe or Fields ad, acent.
then ufe your Bird-lime that is well prepared, and not
over oUi'^order it after this manner ; Take an Earthen
diO. and put the Bird-lime into it , and add thereunto
feme fre(hLard,or Capons-greafe,pu.t,ng an ounce o
either to a quarter of a pound of Bitd-lime . then let-
dngt over the fire, let it melt gently together i bu
tit not boil by any means, for if you do you w.l
take away the ftrength of the Bird-lime, and fo fpoil it.
Havinrthos prepared it, get a quantity of Wheat-cars
as many as you think you (hall conveniently ufe, and
cutT Straw about a foot long befides the Ears i hen
froti the bottom of the Ears to the middle of the Straw
mTi about fix inches : the Lrmc muft be warm when
TOU lime the ftiaw, that fo it may run thin upon the
Traw and therefore the lefs difcernable , and confe-
auentlv not fufpefled by the Birds.
^ Havng thus got your Lim'd-ftraws in this tnanner
leadv RO into thifield adjacent toyourhoufe,and carry
a bag of Chaff and thieOit Eats, and fcatter thefe toge-
{h« twenty yards wide,(it is beft in a Snow]then take
heLimM-earsandftickthem up and down with the
Ears leaning.or at the end touching the ground i then
ret e from the place,and traverfe the grounds all round
about ; the Birdshereupon beingdifiurbed in their other
; haunts fly hither,and pecking at the ears of Co.n,hnding
that they fiick unto them, they ftiaightwajs mount up
io8 ©fjFotnlmff.
from the Earth, and in their flight the Bird-Iimb'd
?„Trt>""i" *rt ^'"«'' ""^ f^I«"g are no able
uif f S."'"''"' '^"•^ "'^ S'--' -'J f"" "' -•
By the way take this caution; do not go and take
up five or fix you fee entangled, for that may hinde
tC T/I' kT '^'^'".8 'h'ee or four dozen at one
time. If tney be L^r^x that fall where your Eird-lim'd
uZ'^f°t^rr'"fV^'"' "" *'y 'Pontaneouf.
ly rile of themfelves, ar,d flying in great Flocks i I can
afl-ure you I have caught five dozen at one lift
rov^s reVop^hammtrsS^c. who refort near to Houfes,
and frequent Barn-doors, where you may 'eafily take
them after the fame manner as aforefaid. The , Iking
for fh^"^' 1' ""^8^"' ^"'^' '" 'he Husbandman,
of a fLTR'"j '"^ '^' ^l'"'"^ principal Enemies
W m r Zn ?"" K°^ ^^'™"^ "l^^" >•>' 'hem in the
«i h. ; ] / V'^r '^""'" ''f Wheat before Har-
the top of yourHoufe if thatcht i and though you ne-
IreacYdv'^' '"'''' S;''."^^ ''^"™^»'°" "^ "''- «" b™
lert find a"'''" '^"'" ^''^'- "^hc %r™:. is excel-
lent tood, and a great reliorer of decayed Nature. You
h7J(ef °bf ' "'"' " 'r" '" '^^ Eaves of ThatAt-
houles, by coming m the night with a Clap-ret and
ruboing the Net againit the hole where they'^are flying
darkJlini h^ ^^Net together, and forfake'them? hf
Having performed your Moniing Birdine-recrea.
ion go bait the fame place where %u werf before
and bait It wKh frefl. Chaff and Ea^ of Con, and
let
Of f oMinff* I op
:t them reft till next Morning j then take fome frefti
Vheat-ears again , and ftick them as aforefaid : and
/hen you bait in the Afternoon , take away all your
.im'd Ears, thatfo the Birds may feed boldly, and not
€ frighted or difturbcd againft next Morning.
How io take Great Fowl with
LIME-TWIGS.
VOu muft fupply your felf with good ftore of Rods,
which are long, fmall, and ftraight- grown Twigs,
leing light and apt to play to and fro.
Lime the upper-part of thefe Twigs, holding the
lird-lime before the fire, fo that it may melt, for the
)etter befmearing them.
Having tirft well acquainted your felf where thefe
fowl do frequent Morning and Evening , you muft
hen obferve before Sun-fet for the Evening-flight, and
before day for the Morning, that you plant your Lime-
wigs where thefe Fowl haunt, pinning down for a
itale one of the fame Fowl alive C which you have
brmerly taken for that purpolej which you intend to
ratch with your Bird-lime. Round about the Stale
giving the Fowl liberty to flutter to and fro ) prick
;our Twigs in rows a foot diftant one from the other,
ill you have covered all the place fo haunted, that there
hall be no room left, but that they muft certainly fall
oul with the Lime-twigs.
Prick the Rods floaping with their heads bending
hto the Wind about a foot or fomewhat more above
ground : If you pleafe ( and 1 think it the beft way )
'ou may crofs-prick your Rods, that is, one point in-
.0 the wind , and another againft the wind j by which
means
no £)f fotDiine:* '!
meinsydu rriay tak6 the Fowl which way foevct they
come. -. .,
Place alfo a Stale fome diftance from your Limetwigs,
and faftenfmall ilrings to it , which upon the fight of
any Fowl you mull pull , then will your Stale flutter,
which will allure them down.
If you fee any taken, do not run inftantly and take,
them up if you fee any Fowl in the air-, for by their
fluttering others will be induced to fwoop in among
them. It will riot be athifs to have a well-taught Spa-
niel with you for the retaking of fuch Fowl ( as it is
common) which will flutter away with the Limetwigs
about them. „ ^
If you intend to ufe thcfe Twigs for fmaller Wild-
fowl,and fuch as frequent the water only, then muft you
fit them in length according to the depth of the River ;
and your Lime muft be very llrong Water-lime, fuch a^
no wet or froft can injure. Prick thefe Rods in the wa-
ter, as you did the others on the Land, as much of the
Rod as is limed being above water s and here and there
among your Rods you muft ftake down a live Stale, as
a Mallard, a Jndgeon or leal : and thus you may do in-
any Iballow Plafti or Fen.
You need not wait continually on your Rods, but'
come thrice a day, and fee what is taken, viz. early in
the Morning, at high Noon, and late in the Evenings*
but come not unattended with your Water-fpaniel :
for if you perceive any of your Rods milling, you may
conclude fome Fowl are fattned to them which art
crept into fome Hole, BuOi, or Sedge by the River fide
and then will your Dog be very neceifary for the difco-
very.
Do not beat one Haunt too much , but when yoi
find their numbers fail, remove and find out another
and in three weeks time your firft will be as good a:
0,
£DfjroMmjr* III
Of the great and lejfer SPRINGES.
HAving noted the Morning and Evening feeding
of dividcd-footed-Fowl, obferving the Furrows
and Water-Trap's where they ufually lialk and pad-
dle to find Worms, Float-Grafs-roots , and the like i
you muft mark wiierc many P^urrows meet in one, and
break out as it were into one narrow paflagc, which
fo defcending, afterwards divides it (elf into other
parts and branches \ then mark bow every Furrow
breaketh and cometh into this Center or little Pit,
which is mod paddled with the "Fowl, or which is ea-
fieft for Fowl to wade in : This being done, take fmall
and (hort Sticks , and prick, them crofs-wife athwart
over all the other pafTages , one Stick within half
an Inch of the other , making as it were a kind of
Fence to guard every way but one which you
would have the Fowl to pafs : if they fland but fome-
what more than a handful above the Water, fuch
is the nature of the Fowl that they will not prcfs o-
ver them , but ftray about till that they find the open
way.
Having thus hemmed in all ways but one , take
a ftiff Stick cut flat on the one fide , and prick
both ends down into the Water, and make the upper
part of the flat fide of the flick to touch the water, and
no more ; then make a Bow of fmall Hazel or Wil-
low made in the falhionofa Pear, broad and round at
one end , and narrow at the other , at leafl a foot
long, and five or fix Inches broad, and at the narrow
end make a fmall nick : then take a good ftiff-grown
plant of Hazel , clean without knot , three or four
Inches about at the bottom , and an Inch at the top,
[h] .nd
and having made the bottom-end (harp, at the top you
muPf falten a very ftrong Loop of about an hundred
Hoife-hairs plaited very fa(i together with ftrong Pack-
thread, and made To fmooth that it will run and flip
at pkafure : Let the Loop be of the juft quantity of
the hoop, made Pear -wife as aforcfaid; then hard by
this Loop you mull faden a little broad thin Tricket
within an Inch and half of the end of the Plant,
which muft be made equally (harp at both ends : thruft
the bigger Iharp end of the Plant into the ground clofe
by th? edge of the water , the fmaller end with the
Hoop and the Trickcr mull be brought down to the
hrll Bridge, and then (he Hoop made Pear-wife being
laid on the Bridge, one end of the Tricker mulf be
fet upon the nick of the Hoop, and the other end a-
gaina a nick made on the fmall end of the Plant,
which by the violence and bend of the Plant (hall
make- them Hick and hold together until the Hoop be
moved. 1 his done, lay the Swickle on the Hoop in
iuch fa(hion as the Hoop is proportioned i then from
each tide of the Hoop prick little Sticks, making an
impaled path to the Hoop •, and a5 you go farther and
farther from the Hoop or Springe , To make the way
wider and wider, that the Fowl may enter a good way
before it (hall perceive the Fence. By this means the
Fowl will be enticed to wade up to the Springe, which
IhiU be no fooner toucht, b\it that part of the Bird Co
touching will beinlhntly cnfnared: And thus according
tothelhengthofthe Plant you Ihall take any Fowl of
what bignels foever.
The Springe forklTer Fowl, as iFoodcock^^ Snipe.Plo'
vcr, O'X. is made after the faihion aforefaid, only differ-
ing in Urength according untb the bignefs of the Birds
you intend to catch.
Tne main plant or Sweeper you may make ot Wil-
low, Ofier,or any ftick that will bend and return to its
proper llraightncfs. ^"^^
£Df jfoMinn:* 113
This device is for the Winter only, when much wet
is on the ground, and not when the Furrows are dry.
Now if the waters be frozen, you muft nriake plafhes ;
and the harder the Froft, the greater refort will there
be of thefe fmaller Fowl.
Of the F^O W L I N G-P I E C E a^^the
STALKING-HORSE.
THat is ever efteemed the beft Fowling-piece which
hath the longeft Barrel, being hve foot and a half
or fix foot long, with an indifferent bore, under Har-
quebufs.
Provide the beft fort of Powder as near as you can,
and let it not be old , for keeping weakens it much,
efpecially if it grow damp i therefore when you have
occafisn to ufe it, dry it well in a Fire-fhovel, and lift
it through a fine Searcher to take away that duft which
hindreth the more forcible effects, and fouleth yout
piece.
Let your Shot be well fized, and of a moderate big-
nefs i for if it be too great, then it fcatters too much :
if too fmall,it hath not weight nor ffrength futficient
to do execution on a large Fowl.
Shot being not to be had at all times, and in all
places, fuitable to your occafions and defires , I fhall
therefore here fet down the true procefs of making all
forts and fizes under Mould-fliot.
Take what quantity of Lead you pleafe , and melt
it down in an Iron VefTel, and as it melts keep it ffir-
ring with an Iron-Ladle, and clear it of all impurities
whatfoever that may arife at the top by skimming
them off. Then when the Lead begins to be of a
[h 2] green-
114 €>f jFotoU'njy.
greenifh colour, ftrewon it Aunpigmzntum finely pow-
derecl, as rriuch as will lie on a Shilling to i2 pound of
Lead. Then liir them together, and the Auripigmen-
turn will flame.
Your ladle ought to have a Notch on one fide of
the Brim for the more eafie pouring out of the Lead »
and the ladle ought to remain in the melted Lead, that
the heat may be agreeable to it, to prevent all incon-
veniencies which may happen through excefs of heat
or cold. Then try your Lead by droping it into wa-
ter. If the drops prove round, then the temper of
the heat is right •, but if the Shot have Tails , then
there is want both ot heat and Auripigmentum.
Then take a Copper-plate about the fizeofa Tren-
cher-plate, with an hollownefs in the midlt about three
inches compafs, with about forty holes bored accor-
ding to the fize of the Shot you intend to call. The
hollow bottom (hould be thin, bat the thicker the brim
the better, becaufe it will longer retain the heat. Place
it on an Iron frame over a Bucket of water, about
four Inches from it, and fpread burning Coals on the
plate to keep the Lead melted upon it.
Then take up fome Lead and pour it gently on the
Coals on the plate, and it will force its way through
the holes into the water, and form it felf into Shot.
Thus do till all your Lead be run through the holes of
the plate : obferving to keep your Coals alive , that
the Lead may not cool, and fo (lop up the holes. Whilit'
you are calling your Shot, another perfon may catch
fome of the Shot with another Ladle, placed four or
iive inches ( underneath the bottom of the plate ) in
the water, and by that means you may difcern if there
are any defcdis in your procefs, and redifie them.
The chief bufinefs is to keep your Lead in a juft de-
gree cf heat, that it be not fo cold as to fill up the holes,
nor fo hot as to make the Shot crack. To remedy
the
the coolnefs of your Lead and plate , you muft blow
your Coals j to remedy the heat, you mult refrain
working till it be cool enough , obferving , that the
cooler your Lead, the larger your Shot j the hotter, the
fmaller.
When you have caft your Shot, take them out of
the water and dry them over the fire with a gentle
heat, and be fure to keep them continually IVirred that
they melt not. When they are dry you are to fepa-
rate the great Shot from the fmall,by the help of Sieves
trade on purpofe, according to their feveral fizes. If
you would have very large Shot, you may with a ftick
force the Lead to trickle out of your Ladle into the wa-
ter without the plate.
If it ftop on the plate, and yet the plate be not too
cool, give but the plate a little knock, and it will run
again. Take care that none of your Inftruments be
greafie. When you have feparated your Shot, if asiy
prove too large for your purpofe, or any ways imper-
fe6t, 'tis only your pains loft, and it will ferve ag'iin at
your next operation.
In (hooting, obferve always to (hoot with the wind, if
poffible, and not againft its and rather fide-ways, or
behind the Fowl, than full in their fac':s.
Next, obferve to cliufe the moft convenient fhelter
you can find, as either Hedge, Bank, Tree, or any
thing elfe which may abfcond you from the view of the
Fowl.
Be fure to have your Dog at your heels under good
command, not daring to ftir till you bid him, having
firft difcharged your Piece : for fome ill-taught Dogs
will upon the fnap of the Cock prefently ru(h our, and
fpoil all the fport.
Now if you have not (lielter enough, by reafon of
the nakednefs of the Banks and want of Trees , you
muft creep upon your hands and knees under the Biaks,
1^ h 3 ] and
ii6 £)f iToMutg*
and lying even flat upon your Belly ,put the nofe of youic
Piece over the Bank, and fo take your level » for a
Fowl is fo fearful of man , that though an Hawk were
foaiing over her head, yet at the fight of a man (he
would betake her felf to her wing, and run the rifque
of that danger.
But fometime it fo happeneth that the Fowl are fo
(hie, there is no getting a (hoot at them without a Stal-
king-horfe, which mu(t be fome old Jade trained up
for that purpoic, who will gently, and as you will have
him, walk up and down in the water which way you
pleafe fiodding and eating on the Grafs that grows
therein.
You muft flicker your felf and Gun behind his fore-
fhoulder, bending your body down low by his fide,and
keeping his body (iill full between you and the Fowl ;
being within (hot, take your level from before the fore-
parr of the Horfe, (hooting as it were between the hor-
fcs Neck and the water '•, w^hich is much better than
fiiooting under his Belly, being more fecure, and lefs
pcFceivcable.
Now to fupply the want of a Stalking-horfe,which
will take up a great deal of time to inlhudt and make
fit for this excrcife, you may make one of any pieces of
old Canvas, which you muii (liape into the form of an
Horfe, with the head bending downwards as if he gra-
zed. You may Uulf it with any light matter \ and do
not forget to paint it of the colour of an horfe, of
which the brown is the belt •, and in the midft let it be
iix'd to a Staff with a fliarp Iron at the end, to flick
into the ground as you (hall fee occalion, (landing faft
whiUi you take your level.
Itmu(i be made fo portable, that you may bear it
with cafe in one hand, moving it fo as it may feem to
graze as you go. Let the flaturc of your artificial Sfal-
king-hoife be neither too low nor too high , for the
one
one will not abfcond your body, and the other^will be
apt to frighten the Fowl.
Inftead of this Stalking-horfe, you may talhion out
of Canvas painted an Ox or Cow : and this change is
necelTary , when you have fo beaten the Fowl with
your Stalking-horfe, that they begin to tind yo^r ae-
ceit, and will no longer endure it, (as it frequently talis
out.) Then you may (talk with an Ox or Cow, till the
Stalking-horfe be forgotten , and by this means make
your fport laftingand continual.
Some there are that ftalk with Stags or Red-Deer
form'd out of painted Canvas, with the natural Horns
of Stags fixt thereon, and the colour fo lively painted,
that the Fowl cannot difcernthe fallacy i and thefe are
very ufeful in low Fenny grounds, where any fuch Deer
do ufually feed •, and are more familiar with the Fowl,
and fo feed nearer them than Ox,Horfe,or Cow:
by which means you (hall come within a far nearer di-
ilance.
There are other dead Engines to ftalk withal, as an
artificial Tree, Shrub, or Bu(h, which may be made of
fmall Wands, and with painted Canvas made into the
(hape of a Willow, Poplar, or fuch Trees as grow by
Rivers and Water -fides •, for thefe are the heft.
If you ftalk with a Shrub or Bufti, let them not be
fo tall as your Tree,but much thicker \ which you may
make either of one entire Bu(h, or of divers Builies
interwoven one with another, either with fmall Wi-
thy-wands, Cord, or Pack-thread, that may not be dif-
cerned ; and let not your Bulh exceed *the height of a
man, but be thicker than four or five, with a Spike at
the bottom to ftick into the ground whilft you take
your level.
[h4 3 ^^^^
Hov^ to take all manner of Land fowl hy
day or night.
Qlnce thedilTolution and fpoil of Paiadifc, no map
y hath C.Cher (len, or can give the names of all
Land-fowl wharever,there being fuch great variety e-
very Country producing fome particular forts which
are U!:iknown to other Nations,
j^^ J° ^^«i^ P'^olixity, I (hall rank them under two
The firft are fuch who are either fit for Food or
1 icalure, cither for eating or linging : for eating, Pi-
?^m- of all forts, Rook Vh^afant , Fartridge, guails,
Rad, Felf arcs. Sec, and for eating or finginr" the
fitf''"'' ^^'''^^^'^ ^'&b^'^'g^le. Linnet, L.r^fand W
Secondly fuch as are for Pleafure onely, and they arc
all nian^ner of birds of Prey, as Cajhels, King^ails, Buz-
s^uTas^ OiC.
The general way of taking thefe Land -fowl of fe.
vera! (c)rts together, is either by day or by night. If bv
day, It IS done with the great Net, commonly called the
0-.n;^«.f and not at all differs in length, depth, big.
nets of Mclh, manner of laying, &c. from the PW-
net i onely it will not be amifs if the Cords be Ion-
^cr.
This Net you may lay before Barn-doors, or where ,
L>ornhath been winnowed, alio in Stubble-fields, fo
concealing the Net that the Fowl may not difcern the
^nare. VVhen you perceive a quantity within the Net
icraping for f jod, and you lie concealed afar off, with
your Cord m your hand fuddenly pull the Net over
upon them.
You may do well to take notice of their Morning
and
md Evening Haunts, to worni and feed upon the
Greenfwarth s and here lay your Net, and it will prove
aseffeaualas in other places, fo that you obferve to
abfcond your felf in fome Covert fo as not to be def-
cried : in the next place, pull not too haftily, but wait
for a good number of Fowl within the Net , and then
pull ffeely and quickly •, for the leal\ deliberation after
the Net is raifed, is the ruine of your delign.
Thus much for Day-fowling with the Net: now if
YOU will profecute your fport by Night you muft do
it according to the nature and manner of the Country,
orfituation or faftiion of the ground, whether Woody,
Mountainous, or Champain. a r .u
■ In plain and Champain Countries you muft ufe the
Lorr-M, from the end of O^ohr until the end of
March •, and this method you muft follow.
The day being ftiut in, the air mild without Moon-
(hine, take a Lorv-he% ( which muft have a deep and
hollow found, for if it be ftiriU it is ftark naught ) and
with it a Net whofe Mefti is twenty yards deep, and lo
broad, that it may cover hve or fix Lands or more, ac-
cording to the company you have to carry it. With thele
Inftruments go into any ftubble Corn-field, but Wheat
is the beft. He that carries the Bell muft go foremoft,
tblingthe Bell as he goes very mournfully,letting it but
liow and then knock on both fides : after him rouft fol-
low the Net,born up at each corner and on each fide by
feveral perfons^ then another muft carry fome Iron or
ftony VelTel which may contain burning, but not bla-
zing Coals,and at thefe you muft light bundles ot ftraw :
or you may carry Links with you. And having pitcht
your Nets where you think the Game lies , beat the
ground and make a noife, and as rhe Fowl rife they
will be entangled in the Net. Thus you may take good
(lore ot Partridge, Kails, Lark^, ^ails, &c.
Having fo done, extinguilh your Lights, and pro-
I20 s^floMitto:*
ceed laying your Net in fome other place as before-
mentioned.
Here note,that the found of the Lorv-bell makes the
Birds lie clofe, fo as they dare not Itir whilft you are
pitching the Net, for the found thereof is dreadful to
them s but the fight of the Fire much more terrible,
which makes them inftantly to fly up, and fothey be-
come entangled in the Net.
Furthermore, if you intend to have the full fruition
of your fport, you muft be very filent, and nothing muft
be heard but the found of the Low-hell till the Net is
placed and the Lights blazing i but as foon as they are
extinguifhed a general filence mull be again.
The Trammel is much like this Net for the Low-
hell^ and may be necefiarily ufed on the fame grounds ',
onely it ought to be longer , though not much broa-
der.
When you come to a place fit for your purpofe
where Birds lodge on the Earth , you (hall then fpread
your Trammel on the ground \ and let the farthell: end
thereof, being plumb'd with Lead , lie loofe on the
ground j but \tt the foremoft ends be born up by two
men, and fo trail the Net along, keeping the foremoft
ends a yard or more diftance from the ground.
On each fide of the Net carry Wifps of Straw light-
cd, or Links, and let fome beat the ground with long
Poles » and as the Birds rife under the Nets, take them.
And thus you may continue doing as long as you pleafe,
to your great profit and pleafurc.
Of
£)f f olulinfi;*
121
0/BAT-FOWLlNG.
BAt'FOlVLlNG is the taking of all mann.r
of Birds, great and fmall,by night, which rooft m
Butties, Shrubs, Hawthorn-trees, &c.
The manner is : you mult be very filent tiU your
Lights are blazing, and you may either carry Nets or
none: if none, you muft then have long Poles with
great buttiy tops hxt to thems and having from a Cr#J
or vefTel to carry hre in,lighted your Straw,or other bla-
zing combulVible matter, then muft you beat thofe Bu-
(lies where you think Birds are at rooft i which done,
if there beany in thofe Butties or Trees, you will in-
Itantly fee them fly about the Flames : for it is their na-
ture, through their amazednefs at the ftrangenefs of
the Light, and extream darknefs round about it not
to deptrt from it, but they will even (corch their Wings
in the fame, fo that thofe who have the buQiy Poles
may beat them down as they pleafe, and take them up.
Thus you may continue your fport as long as it is very
dark, and no longer.
Of the DAY-NET, and how to take
Birds therewith.
THe VayNet is generally ufed for the taking of
Lark^s, Buntings, Merlins, Hobbies , or any Birds
which play in the Air, and will ftoop either to Stale,
Prey, Gig, Glafs, or the like. , . ,,
The feaion for thefe Nets is from Augufi to Novem-
ber: the time you muft plant thefe Nets muft be be-
tore
122 f)f f oMittff*
fore Sun-rifing. Where note, the milder the Air, the
brighter the Sun , and the pleafanter the Morning is,
the better will your fport be , and of longer continu-
ance.
Let the place you ele6l: for this purpofe be plain and
Champain, either on Barley -ftubbles, green Lays, or
level and flat Meadows > and thefe places muft be re-
mote from any Villages , but near adjacent to Corn-
fields.
The fafhion of a Day-net is this : you muft make
them of fine Packthread , the Mefli fmall, and not a-
bove half an Inch fquare each way i let the length be
about three fathom , the breadth one fathom and no
more : the (hape is like the Crow-net, and it muft be
verg'd about in the fame manner with a ftrong fmall
Cord, add the two ends extended upon two fmall long
poles fuitable to the breadth of the Net , with four
flakes, Tail-ftrings, and Drawing-lines , as afore-men-
tioned : only whereas that was but one fingle Net,here
muft be two of one length, breadth and fafhion, Thefe
Nets muft be laid oppofite to each other, yet fo clofe
and even together, that when they are drawn and pul-
led over, the fides and edges may meet and touch one
the other.
Thefe Nets being ftaked down with ftrong Stakes
very ftiffly on their Lines, fo as with any nimble twitch
you may caft them to and fro at your pleafure i you ftiall
then to the upper ends of the foremoft ftaves faften your
Hand -lines or drawing Cords , which muft be at the
leaft a dozen , a fathom long j and fo extend them of
fuch a reafonable ftreightnefs , as with little ftrength
th6y may raife up the Nets and caft them over.
When your Nets are laid, fome twenty or thirty pa-
ces, beyond them place your Stales, Decoys, or playing
Wantons , upon fome pearching Boughs , which will
not only entice Birds of their own Feather to ftoop,
but
but 3\^oHawk and Birds of Prey to fwoop into your
Nets. til*
Remember to keep the firft half dozen you take aUve
for Stales, and to that end have a Cage or Linnen-bag
to put them in: The reft fqueez in the hinder-part ot
the head, and To kill them. And thus do every day.
Of taking fmall Birds which ufe Hedges
and Bujhes with Lime-twigs.
THe great Limc-bu(h isbeft for this ufe, which you
muft make after this manner : Cut down the
main Arm or chief Bough of any bufhy Tree , whofc
branches or Twigs are long, thick, fmooth and ftja'ght,
without either pricks or knots •, of which the VVillow
or Birch-tree are the beft : when you have pickt^ it
and trimm'd it from all fuperfluity, making the Twigs
neat and clean i take then of the beft Bird-lime , well
mixed and wrought together with Goofe-greace or Ca-
pon's-greace, which being warmed, lime every Twig
therewith within four fingers of the bottom. The body,
from whence the branches have their rife,muft be un-
touchM with Lime. • . , u
Be fure you do not dawb you Twigs with too much
Lime, for that will give diftafte to the Birds i yet let
none want its proportion, or have any part left bare
which ought to be toucht : for, as too much will deter
them from coming , fo too little will not hold them
when they are there.
Having fo done, place your Bufti on feme Quick-let
or dead Hedge neer unto Towns- ends, back-yards, old
houfes, or the like •, for thefe are the refort of fmall
Birds in the Spring-time : in the Summer and Harveft
in Groves, Bulhes, White-thorn-trees , Quick-fet-hed-
ges,
124 £Df jFoMttto:.
ges neer Corn-fields,Fruit-trees, Flax and Hemp-lands i
and in the winter about Houfes, Hovels, Barns, Stacks,
or thofe places where ftand ricks of Corn, or fcattered
GhalT, &c.
As near as you can to any of thefe haunts plant
your Lime-bufh, and plant your felf alfo at a conveni-
ent dirtance undifcovered , imitating with your mouth
the feveral Notes of Birds, which you muft learn by fre-
quent pradice, walking the Fields for that very purpofe
often, obfcrving the variety of feveral birds founds, ef-
pecially fuch as they call one another by. I have known
fbme fo expert herein, that they could imitate the
Notes of twenty feveral forts of Birds at leaft,by which
they have caught ten Birds to anothers one that was
ignorant therein.
But if you cannot attain to it by your induftry, you
murt then buy a Bird-call^ of which there are feveral
forts, and ealie to be framed, fome of Wood, fome of
Horn, fome of Cane, and the like.
Having firfl: learned how to ufe this Call, you (hall
fit and call the Birds unto you 5 and as any of them
light on your Bufh , ftep not to them till you fee
them fufficiently entangled : Neither is it requilite to
run for every iingle Bird, but let them alone till more
come, for their fluttering is as good as a Stale to entice
more.
This Exercife you may ufe from Sun-R.illng till
ten a clock in the Morning, and from one till almoft
Sun-fet.
You may take thefe fmall Birds with Lime-twigs
onely, without the Bulli. When I was a boy, 1 have
taken two or three hundred fmall Twigs about the
bignefs of Rufhcs, and about three Inches long , and
have gone with them into a field v/here were Hemp-
cocks s upon the tops of half a fcore , lying all round
together, J haveltuck my Twigs, and then have gone
and
SDfJfoMmff. 125
and beat that field, or the next to it, where I faw any
Birds j and commonly in fuch fields there are infinite
numbers of Linnets and Green-birds which are great
lovers of Hemp-feed. I fay, they fly in fuch vaft flocks,
I have caught at one fall of them upon the Cocks eight
dozen at a time.
But to return, there is a pretty way of taking Birds
withLime-twi^'S, by placing near them a Stale or two
made of living Night-baits, placing them aloft , that
they may be vifible to the Birds thereabouts ■■> which
will no fooner be perceived, but every Bird will come
and gaze, wondering at the ftrangenefs of the fight:
then they having no other convenient lighting-place
but where the Lime-twigs are,ycu may take what num-
ber you lift of them.
But the Owl is a far better Stale than the Bat, being
bigger, and more eafily to be perceived •, befides, he is
never feen abroad, but he is followed and perfecuted by
all the birds near adjacent.
If you have not a living Bat or On?/, their skins will
ferve as well being fluffed , and will laft you twenty
years. There are fome have ufed an Oa-l cut in Wood,
and naturally painted, with wonderful fuccefs.
It i? flrange to me that this Bird above all others
fhould be fo perfecuted by all Birds whatfoever , efpe- .
cially by the Goofe i and therefore fome arch Cracks in
Lincoln-Jhire and other places where are great quanti-
ties of Gee/e, obferving their tempers, have made great
advantage of then) i for by only throwing a live Otpl
among a flock of Geefe, they got as many Quills as they
knew what to do with j for the Ge^/^ endeavc'uring to
beat the On?/ with their wing?, never left till they did
beat the Quills out of their wings , and commonly the
beftj which axe Seconds.
Hoi»
126 £)fjroMmff*
HoU) to make the heH fort ofBlrd-linte,
and how to ufeit,
TAke at Midfummer the bark of Holly, and pill it
from the Tree, fo much as will fill a reafonable
big Veflel \ then put to it running Water, and fet it o-
ver the fire, and boil it till the grey and white bark rife
from the green, which will take up fixteen hours in the
boiling : then take it from the fire , and feparate the
barks after the water is very welldrain'd away : then
take all the green bark, and lay it on the ground in a
clofe place and moift floor, and cover it over with all
manner of green Weeds, as Hemlock, Docks, Thifiles,
and the like* thus let it lie ten or twelve days , in
which time it will rot, and turn to a filthy llimy matter.
Then take it and put it into a Mortar, and there bsat
it till it become univerfally thick and tough, without
the difcerning of any part of the bark or other fub-
ibncej then take it out of the Mortar, and carry it to
a running Stream, and there wafh it exceedingly, not
leaving any more or foulnefs within it ■, then pat it up
in a very clofe Earthen pot, and let it ffand and purge
for divers days together, fcumming it as often as any
foulnefs arifes for four or five days : when you perceive
no more Scum, you (hall then take it out of that Pot,
and put it into another clean Earthen Vcffel, cover it
clofe, and keep it for your ufe.
When you are about to ufe your Lime, take what
quantity you think fit and put it into a Pipkin, adding
thereto a third part of Goofe-greace or Capons-greace
finely clarified , and fet them over a gentle fire , and
there let them melt together, and (fir them continually
till they are well incorporated : then take it from the
fire, and IHr it till it be cold.
When
^DfjfcMfnrf* 127
When your Lime is cold, take your Rod^ and warm
them a little over the Hre ^ then take your Lime and
wind it about the tops of your Rods, then draw your
Rodsafunder one from the other, and clofc them again,
continually plying and working them together, till by
fmearingone upon another, you have equally bcftowed
on each Rod a fufficient proportion of Lime.
If you lime any Strings, do it when the Lime is ve-
ry hot and at the thinnell, befmearing the Strings ori
all fidesj by folding them together and unfolding them
again.
If you lime Straws, it muft be done likewife when
the Lime is very hot, doing a great quantity together,
as many as you can vvcll grafp in your hand, toiling
and -working them before the fire till they are all be-
fmear'd, every Straw having his due proportion of
Lime: having fo done, put them up in cafes of Leather
till you have occafion to ufe them.
Now to prevent the freezing of your Lime either
as it is on Twigs, Budies, or Straws, you murt adde a
quarter as much of the Oyl called Tetrohum as of your
Gapons-greafe, mix them well together,and then work
it on your Rods, &c. and fo it will ever keep fupple,
tough, and gentle, and will not be prejudiced ihould it
freeze never fo hard.
The heft and moH Experienced way of making
Water ^Bird-lime.
Uy what quantity you think fit of the ftrongeft
Bird-lime you can procure , and wa(h it as long
in a clear Spring-water till you find it very pliable, and
the hardnefs thereof removed j then beat out the wa-
ter extraordinary well, till you cannot perceive a drop
to appear, then dry it well s after this, put it into a
Pot made of Earth, and mingle therewith Capons-
C i ] gieafe
12% Of f oMnte;.
greafe unfalted, fo much as will make it run ••, then
adde thereto two fpoonfuls of ftrong Vinegar, a fpoon-
ful of the bert Salkt-Oyl, ai^d a fmall quantity of Fe-
lice-Turpentine: This is the allowance of thefe In-
gredients, which mi^ft be added to every pound of
I'trong Bird-lime, as aforefaid. Having thus mingled
them, boil them all gently together over a fmall fire,
rtirring it continually \ then take it from the fire and
let it cool : When at any time you have occafion to u(e
it, warm if, and then anoint your Twigs or Straws, or
any other fmall things, and no Water will take away
the (hength thereof. This fort ot Bird-lime is the beft,
tfpecially for Snipes and Felfares.
In what manner a man may take Snipes
with this Bird-lime.
Ake what number you fhall think moft expedient
for your purpofe, of Birch-twigs, and lime fifty
or fixty of them very well together. After this, go
and fcek but th^fe places where Snipes do ufually fre-
quent, which you may know by their Dung.
In very hard froliy or fnowy Weather, where the
Water lies open, they will lie very thick : Having ob-
fcived the place where they molt feed, fet two hun-
dred of your Twigs, move or lefs, as you pleafe, at a
yard dillance one from the other, and let them ftand
lli^aping fome oneway and fome another', then re-
tire a convenient dilhncefrom the place, and you (hall
find there (hall not or.e Snipe in ten mifs your Twigs,
by rcafon they (piead their Wings, and fetch a round
clofeto the ground btf)re they light. When you fee
any taken, (tir not at firli, for he will feed with the
Twi^s under his Wings i and as others come over
the place, he will be a means to entice them down to
him.
£DfjroMmfi:* 120
him. When you fee the Coaft clear, and but few that
are not taken,you may then take up your Birds,faftning
one or two of them, that the other flying over, may
light at the fame place. If there be any other open
jplace near to that where your Twigs are planted, you
muft beat them up : The reafon why they delight to
haunt open places, and where Springs do gently run,
is becauie they cannot feed, by reafon of their Bills, in
places that are hard and ftony i and about thefe Pla-
fties, in fnowy Weather, they very much refort.
The wanner of taking Felfares hy Water-
^ Bird-lime.
A Bout Michaelmofj or when the cold Weather be-
gins to come in, take your Gun and kill fome
Felfares i then take a couple of them, or one may
ferve, and faften them to the top of a Tree, in fuch
manner that they may feem to be alive : Having fo
done, prepare two or three hundred Twigs, take a
great Birchen- bough, and therein place your Twigs,
having firft cut off all the fmall Twigs i then fet a
F elf are upon the top of the bough, making of him faft,
and let this bough be planted where the Felfares do re-
fort in a Morning to feed j for they keep a conftant
place to feed in, till there is no more food left. By this
means others flying but neer,will quickly efpie the top-
bird, and fall in whole flocks to him. I have feen at
one fall three dozen taken.
P
How to take Pigeons with Lime*tmgs.
Igeons are great devourers and deftroyers of Corn j
wherefore when you find any ground much fre-
[^12] quented
quented by them, get a couple of Pigeons, either deati
or alive i it dead, put them in fuch a ftifFpofture as if
they were living and feeding*, then at Sun-rifing take
a quantity of Twigs, as many as you think fit, let
•them be fmall, fbut I judge Wheaten-ftraws are bet-
-tcr for this purpofe ) and lay them up and down where
your Pigeons are placed, and you (hall find fuch fport
^t every fall that is made, that you may quickly be rid
of themAvithout offending the Statute: If there come
good flights, you may eafily take four or five dozen of
them in a morning.
Huw to take Mag-pies, Crows, ^;/^Glcads
with Lime-twip.
Hen you have found any Carrion on which
CroTvs, Pits, Kites, Sec. are preying upon, o-
ver night fct your Lime-twigs every wliere about the
Carrion , but let them be fmall, and not fet too thick i
if othcrwifc, being fubtilc Birds, they will fufpedtfome
danger or nnfchicf deligncd againlf them. When you
perceive one to be fad, advance not to him prcfently i
for moll: commonly when they arefurcly caught, they
are not fenliblc thereof.
You may take them another way, and that is by
joynhig to a Packthread fcveral Noofes of Hair up and
down the Packthread, and peg it down about a yard
from the Carrion : for many tiroes when they have
gorten a piece of FlelTi, they will be apt to run away to
feed by thcmfelves i and if your Noofes be thick, it is
two to one but fome of the Noofes catch him by the
Lcgs^
iipa^
Hoiv to take Rooks when they pull up the ,
Corn ly the Roots.
T
'Ake fome thick Brown-paper, and divide a (heet
into eight parts, and make them up like Sugar-
loaves 5 then lime the infide of the Paper a very lit-
tle s C let them be limed three or four days before
you fee them ) then put fome Corn in them, and lay
threcfcore or more of them up and down the ground i
lay them as near as you can under fome clod of Earth,
and early in the Morning before they come to feed ^
and then ftand at a dirtance, and you will fee molt ex--
cellent fpbrt ■-, for as foon as Rookr^ Crows., or Pigeons
come to peck out any of the Corn, it will hang up-
on his head, and he will immediately fly bolt upright
fo high, that he (hall foar almolt out of fight j and
when he is fpent, come tumbling down as if he liad
been (hot in the Air. You may take them at Plough-
ing-time when the Kookj and Crorvs follow the Plough ;
but then you mult put in Worms and Maggots of the
large(t fize.
How to take Birds with BAITS, either
Land or Water-fowl.
IF you have a defire to take Hmfe-doves^ Stocky Joves^
KooJ^/, Coughs^ or any other-like Birds, then take
Wheat, Barley, Fetches, Tares, or other Grain, and
boil them very well with good (lore of Nux vomica m
ordinary running water : when they are almolt boil'd,
dry and ready to burif, take them off the fire, and fet
them by till they be throughly cold. Having fodone,
fcatter this Grain in the Haunts of thofe birds you
[13] have
13* SDf f otDling*
have a mind to take -, and as foon as they have f afted
hereof, they will fall down into a dead fwound, and (hall
not be able to recover themfelves in a good while.
And as yoa take thefe great Land-fowl with this
drunken device, fo you may take the middle and Imal-
ler fort of Birds, if you obferve to boil with what food
they delight in, a quantity of this Nux vomica.
Some, ioftead of Nux vomica^ ufe the Lees of Wine,
the (harper and quicker they are, the better, boiling
their Grains in thefe Lees,alfo Seeds or any other food,
and ftrewing them in the Haunts of thofe Birds you
would furprize. Thefe do as tffe<i^ually as Nux vomi"
ca-i and it's the cleanlier and neater way, there being
not that poyfonous quality in them.
You may chufe whether you will boil your Grain or
Seed in the aforefaid Lees i for they will be every whit
aseifedtual ifonely (keped a confiderable while there-
in, giving them leave to drink in the Lees till they are
ready to burfl: before you ufe them.
Others, having neither Nax vomica^ nor Wine-lees,
take the Juice of Hemlock, and fteep their Grains there-
in, adding thereto fome Hcnbane-leed or Poppy-feed,
cauGng them to be infufed therein four or five days i
then draining the Grain or Seed from the Liquor,ftrcw
them as atorefaid. The Birds having tailed hereof, are
immediately taken with a dizzinefs, which will conti-
nue fome hours, fo that they cannot flie i but they will
recover again, if you kill them not. U you intend thein
for food, let them be iirrt recovered.
Thus much for the Land \ now let us fpeak of the
Water-fowl.
The ready way by Bait to take fuch Fowl as receive
part of their food by land, and part by water, 2islVild'
geefe^ Barnacle^ Grey-plover, Mallard^ Curlew, Shovehr,
Bitter, Bujiard, with many more ; I fay, the bell way
fny experience hath found out is, to take Bellengc-
leaves.
leaves, Roots and all, and having clcan(ed them very
well put them intoaVefTd of clear running Water,
and there let them lie in (kep twenty tour hours i
then never ttiift them from the Water, but boil them
together till the Water be almoft confumed ; then take
it off, and fet it a cooling. Then take a quantity
hereof, and go to the Haunts of any of the atoreiaid
Fowl, and there fpread of this Bait in fundry and di-
vers places i and thofe that ftiall tafte hereof will be
taken with the like drunken diziinefs as the former.
To make this Confedion the more effedual, it will be
requifite to adde a quantity of Brimltone thereunto m
its boiling.
How to recover Fowl thus entranced.
If you would reftore any of thefe entranced Fowl to
their former health, take a little quantity of Sallet-oyl,
according to the ftrength and bignefs of the Fowl, and
drop it down the Throat of the Fow 1 •, then chafe the
head with a little ftrong White -wine- Vinegar, and the
Fowl will prefently recover, and be as well as ever.^
And thus much for taking Fowl of all forts by Bails.
A woH excellent and approved way how to take
the HERN.
A Bern is as great a devourer of Fi(h as any is i nay
fome dare affirm, ten times as much as an 0«er,
and (hall do more mifchief in one week than an Omt
(hall do in three months ; for I have been told by one
that hath feen a Hern that hath been (hot at a Pond, to
have had feventeen Carp at once in his Belly, which
he will digeft in fix or feven hours, and then betaKe
° ["14] himfelt
154 SDf fatDlmn;*
himfclf ro fifhing again. I have been informed by a-
iiotlicr, that he d^w a Carp taken out of a Herns Belly
which vvas nine Inches and an halt long.
Several Gentlemen that have kept Htras tame, have
put r iih in a Tub, and tried the Hern how many fm^H
Koaches and Vace he would eat in a day, and they have
found him to eat about lifty in a day, one day with a-
nother.
One Hern (hat haunts a Pond, in a Twelvemonths
time, (hall dcliroy a thoufandStore-C^/r/^j •, and when
Gentlemen fue their Ponds, they think their Neigh-
bours have robbed them, not in the leart confidering an
Hern is able to devour them in half a years time, if he
put in half as many more.
Now imcc this ravenous Fowl is Co deftrudivc to
Popds and Filh of the River, it will be very neceflary
to find out a way to deltroy that, thatdeftroys fo ma-
ny •> which may be done in this manner.
Eilaving found out his haunt, get three or four fmall
Roaches or Dace-i and have a Itrong Hock with Wyre
ro it, draw the Wyre jult within the skin of the faid
Filh, beginning without fide oi the Gills, running of
it to the Tail, and then the Fi(h will live live or. fix
days. Now if the Filh be dead, the Hern will not
meddle with him. Let not your Hook bee too ranki
then having a firong Line with Silk and Wyre, about
tvvo yards and a half long, (if you twift not Wyre
with your Silk, the fharpnefsof his Bill will bite it in
two immediately J snd tye a round Stone about a
pound- weight to the Line, and lay three or four Hooks,
and in two or three nights you (hall not fail to have
him if he comes to your Pond. Lay not your Hooks;
in the water fo deep that the Hern cannot wade unto
f hem. Colour your Line of a dark green, for an Hern
is a fubule Bird. There are fcveral other Fowl de-
Vourers of Fith^ as Kings-jifher^ More-hens^ Bakoots, Cor",
moranu
©ffotuiiitfi:. 135
morant^ See. but none like the Hern for Ponds and
fmall Rivers.
0OW to take PHEASANTS y^i/frj/
ways.
THe taking of Theafants is to be perfornned three
fcveral ways, by Nets> by Lime-bufh, or elfe by
other particular Engines, which (hall be difcours'd of
hereafter.
The taking of Theafants with Nets, is done either
generally, or particularly : generally, when the whole
jflye of Pheafants is taken, that is the old Cock and old
Hen with all their Powts, as they run together in the
obfcure Woods i or particularly, when you take none
but the old Pheafants, or the young, being of an age fit
to 9oupIe or pair.
For the greater facility, of taking Pheafants, you muft
firft underlhnd their Haunts, which are never in open
Fields, but in thick young Copfes well grown, and not
in old high Woods.
Having thus found out their Coverts, which muft be
folitary and untraced by Men or Cattel , the next
thing will be how to find out the Eye or Brood of
Pheafants.
The firft way, is by going into thefe young Copfes »
and carefully viewing the fame, fearching every where >
and by that means at laft finding where they run to-
gether, as Chickens after a Hen. Or, fecondly, you
muft rife early in a Morning, or come late in the Eve-
ning ) and obferve how and when the old Cock and
Hen call their young ones to them, and how the young
ones anfwer back unto thcin again j ^nd fo fxom that
found
13^ 2Df f oBoIinir-
found dircd your Path as near as you can (o the place
where they are, lying there down foclofe you may not
be difcerned '■> by which means you will know where
they meet, and how accordingly you may pitch your
Nets.
But the moft certain way of finding them out, is to
have a natural Vheafant-c^\\^ which you muft learn how
to ufe, underftanding all their Notes, and how to ap-
ply them : For they have feveral Notes, and all diffe-
rent •, one to cluck them together when the Hen would
brood them, another to chide them when they ftragglc
too far, a third to call them to meat when (he hath
found it, a fourth to make them look out for food
themfelves, and a fifth to call them about her to fport
withal. You muft ufe your Gall in the morning early,
at which time they ftraggle abroad to find Provender i
or elfe in the Evening juft about Sun-fetting, which is
their time likewife fojr feeding.
Now although thefe are the beft times to ufe your
Call, yet you may call them at any other time of the
day, onely altering your Note. Juft at, or before Sun-
rifing, your Note muft be to call them to feed, and fo
at Sun-fet : but in the Forenoon and Afternoon your
Notes muft be to cluck them together to brood, or to
chide them for ftraggling, or to give them notice of
fome approaching danger.
Knowing your Notes, and how to apply them, with
the places where Pheafants haunt, which you (hall know
by the ftrength of the under-growth, obfcurenefs,dark-
nefs, and folitarinefs of the place, you muft then lodge
your felf as clofe as poffible, and then call at firft very
foftly, left the Vheafants being lodg'd very near you,
ftiould be affrighted at a loud Note j but if nothing re-
ply, raife your Note higher and higher, till you extend
it to the uimoft compafs : and if there be a Pheafant
within hearing, (he will anfwer in a Note as loud as you?
ovyn,
own, provided it be not untunable,for that will fpoil all.
As foon as you hear this anfwer, if it be from afar,
and from one fingle Fowl, creep nearer and nearer un-
to it, ftill calling, but not fo loud •, and as you ap-
proach nearer to it,fo will the Pheafant to you j and as
you alter your Note, fo will (he : and in all points you
nnuft endeavour to innitate her, and in hne you will
get light of her, either on the Ground or Pearch :
Then ceafe your calling, and fpread your Net between
the Pheafant and your felf, in the mort convenient
place you can find, with all fecrecy and lllence, ma-
king one end of the Net faft to the ground, and hol-
ding the other end by a long Line in your hand > by
v;hich, when any thing ftraineth it, you may pull the
Net clofe together : which done, call again, and as
foon as you perceive the Pheafant come underneath
your Net, then rife up and (hew your felf, that by gi-
ving the Pheafant an affright, he may offer to mount,
and fo be entangled within the Net.
Now if it fo fall out that you hear many anfwers,
and from divers corners of the Wood, then iVu not at
all, but keep your place i and as you hear them by their
ibunds to come nearer and nearer unto you, fo (hall
you in the mean time prepare your Nets ready, and
fpread them conveniently about you, one pair of Net9
on the one tide, and another on the other tide i then lie
clofe, and apply your felf to the Call till fuch time as
you have allured them under your Nets i then ftand up
and (hew your felf, which will affright them and make
chem mount, whereby they will be entangled.
thefafhion ^ Pheafant-l^^-ff .
You muft make thefe Nets of double-twined brown
Thread dyed blue or green s let the Me(h be reafo-
nably
13^ £DfjFoMinn:.
nably large and fquare, almoft an inch between Knot
and Knot ■•, let the length of it be about three fathom,
and the breadth about feven foot, and verge it on each
fide^with (trong fmall Cord, and let the ends be alfo fo,
that it may lie compafs-wife and hollow.
Some make thefe Nets of a much larger fize i but
then they are too cumberGDme, and hardly to be ruled
with one hand : but the others are readier to pitch, and
better to take, alfo more nimble for any purpofe you
(hall employ them to.
Of Driving of Pheafant-rpowts.
'T^'Cr driving atid taking young Pbeafants in Nets is
done after this manner. Having either by your eye or
Call found out an Eye of Pbeafants^ you muft then (ta-
king the wind with you, for they will naturally run
down the wind ) place your Nets crofs the little Pads
and ways which you fee they have made, C for they
will make little Paths like Sheep-tracks) and as near
ais you can, come to fome fpecial Haunts of theirs,which
you (hall know by the barenefs of the ground, Mutings, ■
and loofe Feathers which you (hall hnd there : and
the(e Nets mul^ be placed hollow, loofe, and circular-
wife, the nether part thereof being fattened to the
ground, and the upper fide lying hoMow, loofe, and
bending, fo that- when any thing rulheth into it, it may
tall and entangle it : which done, you mu(t go before
where you found the Haunt, and there with your Gall
( if you find the Eye is fcattered and feparated one from
the other j you mull: call them together.
Then take your Inftrument called a Pwer, which
is made of (Irons; white Wands or Oliers fet fa(t in a
handle, and in two or three places twitted about and
bound with, other Wandj, bearing the fhape of thofd
. things
things Cloath-dreflers ufually drefs their Cloath with-
al : 1 fay, with this Driver you mull: make a gentle noife,
t2.kin<y upon the Boughs and Bufties round about you i
which as foon as Powts do hear, they will inftantly
run from it a little way, and then (land and liften, kee-
ping all clofe together : then give another rake, at
which they will run again as before: And by thus ra-
king, you will drive them like To many Sheep before
you which way or whither you plcafc, and confequent-
ly at laft into your Nets.
In ufingyour Driver there are two things tobeob-
ferved. The firrt is Secrecy, in concealing your felf
from the fight of the Theafants \ for if they chance to
fee you, they will inftantly hide themfelves in Holes
and bottoms of Bufhes, and will not ftir from thence
by any means whatever , as long as any day endu-
feth. ITT
The other thing to be obferved, is Time and Leilure
in th2 work •, for there is nothing obftruds this Paftime
more than too much hafte : for they are very fearful
Creatures^ and are foon ftartled i and when once a-
larm'd, tlWr fears will not fuffer them to argue or dif-
pute with the affrighting objed i but the very f^rf\ ap-
prehenfion is fufficient to make them all fly at an in-
Ihnt, withowt fiaying to behold what they are fomuch
afraid of.
Of taking Pheafants with a Lim-h/h.
Having obferved their Haunts as aforefaid, take a
Bufh, or fmgle Rods, and trim them with the beft and
ftrongeft Lime that can be got : let your Rods be
twelve inches h your Lime-bufti muft not contain a-
bove eight Twigs, being the Top-branch of fome Wil-
low-tree,withan indifferent long Handle, made fharp
' either
either tQ ftick into the ground, or into Shrubs and
Bufhes. You may plant your Bu(h near the branch of
fome little Tree which the Pheafant ufually pearcheth
on.
When you have placed your Bu(h or Rods, takeout
your Call, but remove not from your place, lying clofe
without difcovery. U your Call be good, and you
have skill to ufe ir, you will quickly have all the Fhea-
fants ^hh'in hearing about you •, and if one happen to
be entangled, (he will go near to entangle all the reft,
either by her extraordinary fluttering, or their own
ama7ement and confufion. And as they are taken by
the B.ods on the ground, foyou will furprize them with
your Bulhes i for being feared from below, they will
mount to the Pearch or Buflies, to fee what becomes of
their fellows, and be there taken themfelves.
Here note, that it is very requilite to count all your
Rods, and when you have gathered up your PheafantSy
fee what Rods you have milling, and then conclude
from the mifs of them, that fome Pheafants are run
with them into the Bulhes :, and therefig,;^ it will be
neceffary to have a Spaniel which will fetch and carry,
and one chat will not break nor bruife either Fle(h or
Feather.
Th Seafons for the ufe of Nets or Lime.
The. Lime is onely for the Winter- ieafon, beginning
from November, when the Trees have flied their Leaves,
(and then Lime-bufhes and Branches of Trees are a-
like naked and of the fame complexion ) and ending
at A%, at which time the Trees begin to be furnilhed
w'nh Leaves.
^ The true ufe of the Nets is from the beginning of
}'j^ay till the latter end oiO&obcr.
So
£)f foMinff. 141
So that there is no time of the year but their Bree-
(3ing-time,which may not beexercifed in this plcafure i
whence what profit may arife, I (hall leave to the judg-
ment of thofe who keep good houfes, and fuch as have
good Stomacks.
Hoivtotake PA RTR I DCjES /fz/er^/
ways, either hy Net, Engine, Driving,
or Setting.
P
Artridgef are naturally cowardly, fearful, fimple,
_ and fooU(h, and therefore moft eafily to be decei-
ved or beguiled with any Train, Bait, Engine, or o-
ther Device whatever, whether by Enticement, Call,
or Stale.
It will he neceffary in the firft place to confider their
Haunts, which are not C like the fheafants) certain,
but various \ any covert will ferve their turn, and
fometimes none at all.
The places they moft delight in arc the Corn-fields,
efpecially whilft the Corn grows » for under that co-
vert they ftielter, ingender, and breed. Neither are
thefe places unfrequented by them when the Corn is
cut down, by reafon of the Grain they find therein,
efpecially in Wheat-llubble ■■> and the height thereof
they delight in, being to them as a covert or a (bel-
ter. Now when the Wheat-ftubble is much troddea
by Men or Beafts, then they betake themfelves to
the Barley - ftubble , provided it be fre(h and un-
trodden i and they will in the Furrows amongft
the Clots , Brambles , and long Grafs , hide both
themfelves and Covies, which are fometimes twenty in
number,
142 ©f JFoMuin;.
number, fometimes five and twenty : nay, I have heard
of thirty in a Covie.
Now after the Winter-feafon is come, and that thefe
Stubble- Helds are plough'dup, or over-foiled with
Cattle, then do thefe Partridges refort into the up-land
Meadows, and do lodge in the dead Grafs or Fog un-
der Hedges, amongft Mole-hills, or under the Roots of
Trees : Sometimes they refort to Copfes and Under-
woods, efpecially if any Corn-fields are near adjacent,
or where grows Broom, Brakes, Fern, or any Covert
whatfoever.
In the Harvcft-time, when every Field is full of men
and Cattle, then you Chall find them in the day-time
in the Fallow-fields which are next adjoyning to the
Corn-fields, where they lie lurking till the Evening,
and then they feed among the Shocks or Sheaves of
Corn •, and fo they do likewife early in the Morn-
ing.
When you know their Haunts according to the fcitu-
aticnof the Country and feafonof the year, your next
care niuft be to find them out in their Haunts i which
is done feveral ways. Some do it by the Eye onely i
and this Art can never be taught, but learned by fre-
quent Experience, dilUnguifhing thereby the colour of
the Partridge from that of the Earth, and how and in
what manner they lodge and couch together : for which
purpofe you may come near enough to them, for they
are a very lazy Bird, and fo unwilling to take the Wing,
that you may even fet your foot upon them before
they will ftir, provided you do not iiand and gaze on
them, but be in continual motion •, otherwife they will
fpring up and be gone.
There is another way to dil'cover them, and that is
by going to their Haunts very early in the Morning,
or at the clofe of the Evening, which is called the
jHcklng'timcy and there liftening for the calling of the
Cock-
Cotk-Pairtridgey wfiich will be very loud and earneft ;
and ifteir fortie few calls the Hen will anfwer, and by
this means they meet together i which you (hall know
by their rejoycing and chattering one with another :
upon the hearing of which, take your range about them,
drawing nearer and nearer to the place you heard therti
juckjn ■•, then caft your eye towards the Furrows of the
Lands, and there you will foon find where the Covie
lies, and fo take them as your fancy (hall lead you.
The beft, fafeft, and ealieft way for finding of Par-
tridges is by the Call, having firft learned the true and
natural Notes of the Partridge^ knowing how to tune
every Note in its proper Key, applying them to their
due times and feafons.
Being perfed: herein, cither Mornihgs or Evenings
Tall other times being improper) go to their Haunts, and
having convey'd your felf into fome fecret place where
you may fee and not be feen, liften a while if you can
hear the Partridges call •, if you do, anfwer them again
in the fame Note, and as they change or double thieir
Notes, fo muft you in like manner : thus continue doing
till they draw nearer and nearer unto you. Having
them in your view, lay your felf on your back, and lie
as if you were dead without motion, by which means
you may count their whole number.
Having attained to the knowledge of difcovering
them where they lie, the next thing will be a ready
Way how to catch them.
Of taking Partridges ivhh Nets.
The Nets wherewith you enfnare Partridges muft ht
every way like your Pheajant-ncts, both for length and
breadth •, onely the Me(h muft be fmaller, being made:
of the fame Thread, and dyed of the fame colour.
[ k ] Having
144 £Df JFoMiitg*
Having found out the Covie> draw forth your Nets,
and taking a large circumference, walk a good round
pace with a carelefs eye, rather from than towards the
Fartridges^ till you have trimmed your Nets, and made
them ready for the purpofe : which done, you muft
draw in your circumference lefs and lefs, till you come
within the length of your Net : then pricking down a
a Stick about three foot in length, faften one end of the
Line of your Net, and make it faft in the Earth asyoa
walkabout i C ^^^ you mult make no ftop nor ftay i )
then, letting the Net flip out of your hands, fpread it
open as you go, and io carry and lay it all over the
fartridges.
But if they (hould lie ftraggling, fo that you cannot
cover them all with one Net, then you muft draw forth
another, and do with that as you did with the former j
doing fo with a third, if occafion require : having fo
done, rufh in upon them, who affrighted, will flie up,
and fo be entangled in the Nets.
Hoiv to take Partridges mth Bird-lime.
Takeof thefaireftand largeft Wheat-ftraws you can
get, and cut them off between Knot and Knot, and
lime them with the ftrongeft Lime. Then go to the
Haunts of P^r/r/W^fj, and call : if youare anfwered,
then prick at fome diliance from you your limed Straws
in many crofs rows and ranks crofs the Lands and
Furrows, taking in two or three Lands at leaft : then
lie clofe and call again, not cealing till you have drawn
them towards you, fo that they be intercepted by the
way by your limed Straws, which they (hall no fooner
touch, but they will be cnfnared i and by reafon they
all run together like a brood of Chickens, they will fo
befmeaf and daub one another, that very few of them
will efcape.
This
£Df iFotDlitiff* 145
This way of taking Tartrtdq^er is onely to be ufed in
Stubble-fields from Auguii till Chrijimaf, But if you
will take them in Woods, Paftures, or Meadows, then
you muft lime Rods, as was afore exprelTedfor the
Theafanty and ftick them in the ground after the fame
manner.
How to drive Partridges.
The Driving of Partridges is more delightful than
any other way of taking them : The manner of it is
thus.
Make an Engine in the form and fafliion of a Horfe,
cut out of Canvas, and fluff it with Straw, or fuch
light matter : with this artificial Horfe and your Nets
you mult go to the Haunts of Partridges^ and having
found oat the Covie, and pitcht your Nets below, you
muft go above, and taking the advantage of the Wind,
you muft drive downward : Let your Nets be pitcht
Hope-wife and hovering. Then, having your Face
covered with fomething that is green, or of a dark blue,
you muft, putting the Engine before you, ftalk towards
the Partridges with a flow pace, raiting them on their
Feet, but not their Wings, and then will they run na-
turally before you.
If they chance to run a by-way, or contrary to your
purpofe, then crofs them with your Engine, and by fo
facing them, they will run into that track you would
have them : Thus by a gentle flow pace you may make
them run and go which way you will, and at laft drive
them into your Net, and fo difpofe ©f them at your
jpleafure.
t k 2 ] Ho0
How to take Partridges with a Setting-dog.
There is no Art of taking Partridges fo excellent
and pkafant as by the help of a Setting-dog : where-
fore, before we proceed to the Sport, we fliall give you
an account what this Setting-dog is.
You are to underftand then, that a Setting-dog is a
certain lully Land-fpaniel, taught by nature to hunt
the Partridge more than any chace whatever, running
the fields over with fuch alacrity and nimblenefs, as if
there was no limit to his fury and defire, and yet by
art under fuch excellent command, that in the very
height of his career by a Hem or found of his Matter's
voice he (hall ihnd, gaze about him, \(f6k in his Ma-
kers face, and obferve his diredtions, whether to pro-
ceed; rtand ftill, or retire : nay, when he is even juft
upon his Prcy,that he may even take it up in his mouth,
yet his obedience is fo framed by Art, that prefently
he fliall either (land ftill, or fall down flat on his belly,
without daring either to make any noife or motion till
his Mailer come to him, and then he will proceed in all
things to follow his diredtions.
Having a Dog thus qualified by Art and Nature, take
him with you where Partridges do haunt, there call off
your Dog, and by fome word of encouragement which
he is acquainted with, engage him to range, but never
too far from you \ and fee that he beat his ground
jufily and even, without calling about, or flying now
here nov/ there, which the mettle of fome will do, if
not corrected and repiovcd. And therefore, when you
perceive this fault, you mull prefently call him in with
a Hem, and fo check him that he dare not do the like
again for that day i fo will he range afterwards with
more tern pcrancc, ever and anon looking in his Ma-
iler's
f)f jTotDlmff* 147
fter's face, as if he would gather from thence whetljer
he did well or ill.
If in your Dog's ranging you perceive him to flop
on the fudden,or Itand ttill, you muft then make in to
him, C for without doubt he hath fet the Partridge J
and asfoon as you come to him, command him to go
nearer: but if he goes not, but cither lies ftill or
ftands (baking of his TaiJ , as who would fay , Here
they are under my nofe, and withal now and then
looks back h then ccafe from urging him further , and
take your circumference, walking faft with a cafelefs .
eye, looking ftraight before the nofe of the Dog, and
thereby fee how the Covy lie, whether clofe or Ikag-
Then commanding the Dog to lie fiill , draw forth
your Net, and prick one end to the ground, and fprcad
your Net all open, and fo cover as many of the Partrid-
ges as you can j which done, make in with a noife, and
fpring up the Partridges j which (liall no fuoncr rife,
but they will be entangled in the Net. And if you
fhalllet go the old Cock and Hen, it will not onely be
an aft like a Gentleman, but a means to increafe your
Pafiime.
How to take RAILS, Q^U AILS,
MOREPOOTS,(^c.
FRom what is contain'd in the foregoing Chapter.<^^
you may colled a method how to take other Fowl,
as Rails, iluails,Morepoots,d)(.c,d\\ which are very good
flights for Han>k/>
Their haunts are much alike with thofe of the Par-
tridge \ onely the §^ail loves moft the Wheat-heldf»
f k 3 ] the
t]:\c Morepodt moft the Heath and Foreft-grounds, and
the Kails lore the long high Grafs where they may lie
obfcure.
The way of finding them is like that of the Par-
tridge^ by the Eye, the Ear, and Haunt : but the chief
way of all to rind them out is the Call or Pipe , to
which they lilien with fuch earneftnefs , that you can
no fooner imitate their Notes, but they will arifwcr
them, and will purfue the Call with fuch greedinefs,
that they will play and skip about you, nay run over
you, efpecially the ^^/7.
The notes of the Male and Female differ very much,
and therefore you mult have them both at your com-
mand i and when you hear the Male call , you muft
anfwer in the Females note > and when the Female calls,
you murt anfwer in the Males note : and thus you will
not fail to have them both come to you, who will gaze
and liften till the Net is caft over them.
The way of taking thefe Birds is the fame with that
of the Partridge^ and they may be taken with Nets or
Lime, either BuQi or Ftod, or Engine, which you mufl
ftalk with h or by the Setting-dog, which I fhall treat
of in the next Chapter;
How to eletl and train a SETTING-
DOG from a Whelp till he come
toperfe^ion,
THe Dog which you eled for Setting muft have*
perfedl and good fcent, and be naturally addid^-
ed to the hunthig of Feathers. And this Dog may be ei-
ther Land-fpaniel, Water fpaniel, or Mungrel of them
bothi either the Shallow-fkwed Hound, Tumbler,
Lurcher,
Lurcher, or fmall baftard Maftiff. But there is none
better than the Land -fpaniel, being of a good and nim-
ble fizc, rather fmall than grofs , and of a courageous
mettle j which though you cannot difcern being young,
yet you may very well know from a right breed, which
have been known to be ftrong, lufty and nimble Ran-
gers, of adive Feet, wanton Tails, and bulle Nolhils >
whofe Tail was without wearinefs, their Search with-
out changeablenefs, and whom no delight did tranfport
beyond fear or obedience.
When you have made choice of your Dog, begin to
inftrud him about four months old , or fix months at
the uttermoft.
The firft thing that you (hall teach your Dog, is to
make him loving and familiar with you , know-
ing you from any other perfon, and following you
where-ever you go. To cffed this the better, let
him receive his food as near as you can from no other
hand but your own', and when you correct: him
to keep him in awe , do it rather with words than
blows.
When you have have fo inftruded your Dog that he
will follow none but your felf, and can diftinguifli your
frown from your fmile,and fmooth words from rough,
you muft then teach him to couch and lie down clofe
to the ground \ firft,by laying him often on the ground,
and crying. Lie clofe. When he hath done any thing
to your mind and pleafure, you muft then reward him
with a piece of Bread : if otherwife, chaftife him with
words, but few blows.
After this, you muft teach him to come creeping un-
to you with his Belly and Head clofe upon the ground,
as far or as little a way as you Qiall think fit : and this
you may do by faying. Come nearer , come nearer , or
the like i and at ftrft, till he underftand your mea-
ning, by (hewing him a piece of Bread or fome othes
Ik 4] ^^'>^
I50 £DfjroMm(r>
food (o entice him to you. And this obferve in his
creeping to you, if he ofTei' to raife his Body or Head,
you mu(i not onely thruft the rifing-part down, but
threaten him with your angry voice i which if he feem
to flight , then add a (liarp jerk or two with a Whip-
cord-lafh. ^
You muft often renew his Leffons till he be very per-
fect, ftill encouraging him when he does well.
If you walk abroad with him, and he take a fancy
to range, even when he is moft bufie fpeak to him, and
in the height of his paftime make him fall upon his
Belly and lie clofe, and after that make him come cree-
ping to you.
After this teach him to lead in a String or Line, and
to follow you clofe at your heels without tripuhle or
draining of his Collar, '
By that time he hath learned thefe things aforefaid,
I conceive the Dog may be a twelvemonth old i at
which time the feafon of the year being fit, take him
into the held and permit him to range, but ftill in o-
bedience to your command. But if through wanton-
nefs he chance to babble or open without caufe, you
muli then corred him (harply , either with a VVhip-
cord-lafti, or biting him hard at the Roots ot his
Ears.
Hiving brought him tp a good temper and juft o-
bcdicrcc, then, as foon as you fee him come upon the
Haunt ot any Vartridge, { which you (hall know by
his greater eagernefs in hunting, as alfo by a kind of
whimp:ring and whining in his voice, being very dcfi-
rous toopen.but not daring) you (hall fpeak to him,bid-
ding him take heed, or the like : but if notwithftan-
^ing he either ruOi in and fpring the Vartridge, or o-
pens , and fo the Partridge efcapeth, you muff then
corre<a hirn feverely, and caft him off again, and let
Mm hunt in (ome hiunt where you know aCovy lies,
and
^f iFotuling^ 151
and fee whether he hath mended his fault : And if you
catch any with your Nets, give him the Heads, Necks,
iand Pinions for his future encouragement.
Many more obfervations there are, which are too
numerous here to recite *, wherefore I (hall defift, and
give you an account of a Water-dog, and fo finifhthis
prefent Difcourfe.
How to train a WATER-DOG,
and the ufe thereof,
I Shall begin with the beft proportion of a Water-dog^
and firll of his colour. Although fome do attri-
bute niuch to the colour, yet experience lets us know
they are uncertain obfervations.
To proceed then, your Dog may be any colour and
yet excellent i but chufe him of Hair long and curled,
not loofe and (bagged : his Head muft be round and
curled, his Ears broad and hanging, his Eye full, lively
and quick, his Nofe very (hort, his Lip Hound-like, his
Chaps with a full fet of ftrong Teeth, his Neck thick
and (hort,his Breaft (harp, his Shoulders broad, his Fore-
legs ftraight, his Chine fquare, his Buttocks Tound, his
Belly gaunt, his Thighs brawny, &c.
For the training this Dog , you cannot begin too.
foon with him \ and therefore as foon as he can lap,
you muft teach him to couch and lie down, not daring
to ftir from that pofture without kave. Obferve in
his firft teaching to let him eat nothing till he deferve
it i and let him have no more Teachers, Feeders, Che-
ri(hers, or Correftors but One \ and do not alter that
wprd you firft ufe in his information, for the Dog takes
notice of the found, not the language.
When
&s^t"
152 a)f jFoMing-
When you have acquainted him with the word fui-
table to his Leffon, you muft then teach him to know
the word of Reprehenfion, which at firft Qiould not be
ufed without a Jerlc. You muft alfo ufe words of che-
ri(hing, to give him encouragement when he does well :
and in all thefe words you muft be conftant , and let
them be attended with fpitting in his mouth, or che-
rifning of the hand. There is alfo a word of Advice,
inftruding him when he does amifs.
Having made him underftand thefe feveral words,
you muft next teach him to lead in a ftring or Collar
orderly, not running too forward, nor hanging back-
ward. After this you muft teach him to come clofe at
your heels without leading > for he muft not range by
any means, unlefs it be to beat Fowl from their Covert,
or to fetch the wounded.
In the next place you muft teach him to fetch and
cairy any thing you throw out of your hands. And firft
try him with the Glov«, ftiaking it over Ws Head, and
making him fnap at it j and fometimes let him hold
it in his mouth, andftrive to pull it from him h and at
laft throw it a little way, and let him worry it on the
ground : and fo by degrees make him bring it yon-
where- ever you throw it. From the Glove you may
teach him to fetch Cudgels, Bags, Nets, &c.
If you ufe him to carry dead Fowl , it will not be
amifs i for by that means he will not tear or bruife
what Fowl you ftioot.
Having perfc<^ed this Leffon, drop fomething be*
hind you which the Dog doth not fee i and being
gone a little way from it, fend him back to feek it, by-
faying, Bacl^^ I have hfi. If he feem amazed, point
with your Finger, urging him to feek out , and leave
him not till he hath done it. Then drop fomethiwg'
at a greater diliance, and make him find out that too,
till you have bioughc him to go back a mile.
Now
Now may you train him up for your Gun, making
him ftalk after you ikp by ftep , or elfe couch and lie
clofe till you have (hot. ri^t :-'^
Many more neceffary Rules there arc, which for bre-
vity fake I muft omit.
The laft ufc of the Water-dog is in moulting-time,
when Wild^fowl caft their Feathers and are unable to
fly, which is between Summer and Autumn : at this
time bring your Dog to their Coverts, and hunt then)
out into the ftrcam, and there with your Nets furprize
them, driving them into them •, for at this time fheep
will not drive more eaGly. And though fome may
objed:, that this fickly time is unfeafonable » yet it they
confider what excellent food thefe Fowl will prove
when aamm'd, the taking of them may be very excu-
fable. I have eaten of them after they have been fed
I while with Livers of Beaft,Whey, Curds, Barley,Pafte,
fcalded Bran, and fach-like i they have proved excee-
ding fat, and have tafted not fo filliy as they do by their
natural feeding, but exceeding fweet, and delerve to be
prefcned before any Fowl whatever.
C<^:
Hm
J 54 €)f foMtitg:*
Hovp to ta^e^ prejerve^ and l^ep all
forts of ^inging^birds that are
commonly ^own in England,
^ tying alfo an account of their
^4f«r^ , breeding , Feedings
Vifea/esof tbe/ame, mth their
^emedier.
N the preceeding Difcourfe I have given you a Sunri'
mary account of the feveral ways and artirices which
are ufed to take either Land-fowl, or Fowl properly be^
longing to theWater.Upon fecond thoughts I look upon
this Third part of the Gentkmms Recreation^ called a
Treatife of fowling imperfe(9:, if I add not now what I
omitted before i a fmall EfTay as to the Taking,Prefer-
ving,and Keeping all forts of Singing-birds commonly
known in thefe his Majefties three Kingdoms, They
are thus called.
The Night ingal. The Starling, The Gold-finch.
The Blackcbird. The Tit-lar^ The Green-finch,
The JTood-lark^ The Bullfinch. The Wren,
The Linnet. The Canary-bird, The Red'fiart,
The Chaf -finch. The Throfile, TheHedgejfarrow,
The Rob.Red'breaJi, The Skle-lark
Laltlyj their Difeafes and Cures.
Of
SDf f OHJlittff. 155
A'
Ofthe NIGHTINGAL.
Ccording to the judgment of moft men , th«
^ -^ Nightingale carries the Bell from all other Sing-
ingiirds, opening her charming Mouth not onely
fweetly, but with much variety of pleafant Notes : It
is but a fmall Bird, yet hath a loud voice i which made
the Poet call her— — Vox^ & fmterea nihil. They are
fo well known, a defcription of them would be necd-
Icfs i and are not onely efteemed of here, but in Italy
and other parts.
They appear to us at the latter end of Marcby or
beginning of Jpril , and very few know where they
inhabit all the Winter •, fome think they deep all that
feafon.
She makes her Neft commonly about two foot above
ground, either in thick Quick-fet-hcdges, or in Beds
of Nettles where old Quick- fet hath been thrown to-
gether. She hatcheth her young ones about the be-
ginning of May, and naturally delights to frequent
cool places, where fmall Brooks are garnifhed with
pleafant Groves, and Quick-fet-hedges arc not far di-
ftant. . . , n
That Nightingale which in my opinion is the belt to
keep, is he that is the earlicft Bird of the Spring i for
he will (ing the better, having more time to hear the
Old one ting than thofe that are hatched later.
The young Nightingales mud be taken out of their
Nefls when they are indifferently well fledg'd in a me-
diocrity : for if well feathered, they will become fal-
len i and if too little, they are fo tender the cold will
kill them. _
For
For their meat give them lean Beef, Sheeps-heart,
or Bullocks-heart, taking awayfirft the fat Skin that
covereth it, and take away the Sinews » after this,
foak the like quantity ot white Bread in water, and
fqueeze out fome of the water i then mince it fmall i
then feed them with a Stick, taking upon the point
thereof the quantity of a Grey Pea, and give every one
of them three or four fuch gobbets in an hour, as long
as they (hall endure to be in the Neft : when they are
able to flie out of the Nell, then put them into a Cage
with feveral Pearches for them to fit upon, and line
them with fome green Bays, for they are very fubjed:
to the Cramp at firft i and at the bottom of the Cage
put in fome Mofs or Hey, as well for other Birds as
the NighmgaU : it is fafe to line their Cages againft
Winter, or keep them in fome warm place. Wheri
they are firft Caged, continue for a while to put fome
of their Meat by them mingled with Ants, which will
induce them to feed themfelves. y, ..^ i „ . ,, , i .
In the Summer you muft feed them every day
with frefh Meat, otherwile it will quickly grow ftalc.
or ftink. When they begin to moult, give them half
Egg hard boiled, and halfSheeps-heart mingled with
Saffron and Water. Here note , Duck-eggs will kill
them : you may give them fometimes red Worms,
Caterpillars, and Hog-lice i Meal-worms make theni
familiar, fuffering them to take them out of your
hand.
The way of taking Old and Young is thus : For
the Young, obferve where the Cock fings j and if he
lings long, the Hen is not far from that place, who
oftentimes betrays her Off-fpring by being too careful y
for when you come near her Neft, Qie will Sweet
and Cur : if notwithftanding this, you cannot find
her Neft, ftick a Meal-worm or two upon a Thorn,
and then lying down or ftanding, obferve which way
ic
SDf f oMinff^ 157
it is carried by the Old one, and drawing near, you
will hear the young ones when (he feeds them. When
you have found out the Neft, touch not the young %
for if you do, they will not tarry in the Neft.
The way to take Branchers^ by others called Pufherr^
( becaufe when throughly fleg'd the Old ones pu(h
them out of the Neft ) I fay, you muft take them after
this manner : When you have found where they are,
which you (hall know by their Curring and Sweeting y
C for if you call true, they will anfwer you immediate-
ly : ) having your Tackle all ready, fcrapc, in the Ditch
or Bank-fide, the Earth about three quarters of a yard
fquare, that it may look fre(h i then take a Bird-trap,
Of Net-trap, which you muft make after this falhion.
Hovo to make a NeMrap for Nightingales.
Take a Net made of green Silk or Thread, about
the compafs of a yard, made after the fafhion of a
Shove-net for Fiflies » then get fome large Wyre, and
bending it round, joyn both ends, which you muft put
into a ftiort Stick about an Inch and an half long s
then you muft have a piece of Iron with two Cheeks
and a hole on each fide, through which you muft put
fome fine Whip-cord three or four times double, that
fo it may hold the piece of Wood the better unto
which the ends of the Wyre are put, and with a Button
on each fide the Iron, twift the Whip-cord, that fothe
Net may play the quicker : you muft faften the Net to
the Wyre as you do a Shove-net to the Hoop j then
get a Board of the compafs of your Wyre, and joyn
your two cheeks of Iron at the handle of your Board \
then make a hole in the middle of your Board >
and put a piece of Stick of about two Inches long,
and a Hole at the Top of your Stick, which you muft
have
158 ©fiFoWinfif.
have a Peg to put in with two Wyres, an Inch and
hialf long, to flick your Meal-wornn upon ; then tye a \
String in the middle of the top of your Net, drawitig '
the Net up, having an eye at the end of the handle to
put your Thread through, pull it till it flands upright,
then pull it through the hole of the Stick that fl:ands
in the middle of your Board, and put your Peg in the
hole, and that will hold the String that the Net cannot
fall down : you rauft put two Worms upon the V/yres,
before you put it into the hole, and fet it as gently as
ycu can, that it may fall with the firft touch of the
Nightingale : When you have your Net and Worm
leady, having firit fcraped the place, then put fome
Ants in your Trap-cage, and upon your Board put foftie
Worms upon Thorns, and fet them at the bottom of
your Trap-cage, little holes being made for the fame
purpofe to flick in the ends of your Thorns : Then
plant your Trap near to the place where you heard
them call, either in the Ditch, or by the Bank-fide, or
corner of a Hedge, and then walk away i you may fet
what number of Trap-cages you think convenient. D6
what is here propofcd, and you need not doubt the ha-
ving of your delires fatisfied.
Having taken your Nightingales^ (the times is in Ju'
ly or Augujl) tye the ends of their Wings with fome
brown Thread, that fo they may be difenabled to hurt
themfelves by beating their tender bodies againft thd
top and Wyres of the Cage.
Let the Cage be covered above half with green Bays,
and for four or five days let him be very little diflur-
bed by company i but withal forget not to feed them
half a dozen times every day with Sheeps-heart and
Egg flired very fine, and mingle red Ants therewith,
and a few red Earth-worms would not do amifs.
Here note, that no Nightingale at firfl taking will
cat any other food than what is living , as Wormsi
AntSy
Ants, Files, or Caterpillars i which through fullennefs
if he will not eat, then take him out, and upon the
point of a Stick (firlt opening his Billj give him four
or five gobbets one after another*, then turn him into
the Cage, ftrowing the bottom thereof with Egg and
minced Sheeps- heart mingled with fome Pilmires.
Thefe Nightingales that are taken at this time of the
year, will not fing till the middle oiO&ober^ and then
they will hold in fong till the middle of Jme : But
the Nightingales that are taken from the firll of j,4pril
to the twentieth, are the bed Birds for ScJng in the
whole Univerfe j and rhefc are taken with Trap cages
or Trap-nets, as th^Branchers aforefaid, in June^Julyy
and AugH^. Here obferve, that Neftlings nor Bran-
chers (except they have an old Bird to ting over them)
have not the true Song for the firft twelve months.
When you havefo tamed them that they begin to Cmh*
and Sweet with chearfulnefs, and record (bftly to them-
felves, it is a certain fignc that they eat, and then you
need not trQuble your felf with feeding them j but if
they fing before they feed, they commonly prove moft
excellent Birds : Thofe Birds that are long a feeding,
and make no Curring nor Sweetings are not worth the
keeping. If you have a Bird that will flutter and
bolt up his head in the night againft the top of the
Cage, keep him not, for he is not onely good for no-
thing, but his bad example will teach the beft of your
Birds to do the like.
Now to the intent you may not keep Hens inftead
of Cocks, and fo not onely be at ufelefs charge, bur
be fruftrated of your expedtation, you (hall diltinguifh
their Sexes by thefe obfervations. The Cock in the
judgment of fome is both longer and bigger : others
fay the Cock hath a greater Eye, a longer Bill, and a
Tail more reddifh : others pretend to know them by
the Pinion of the Wing, and Feathers on the Head.
[ I ] Thefe
iSo C>f f oUiIutg*
Thefe Rules I look not upon as infallible, having found
therei contrary to truth by my own experience : Now
to undeceive you, take thefe true Experinnental Ob-
fervations. Firft, take notice that if any of your Neft-
lings (before they can feed themfelves ) do Record a
little to themfelves, and in their Recording you per-
ceive their Throats to wag, you need not doubt that
they are Cocks » but when they come to feed them-
felves, the Hen will Record as well as the Cock s there-
fore mark them when young, tor it is very difficult to
dirtinguilh afterwards.
Brancbers^ whether Cocks or Hens C when taken and
do feed themfelves ) will Record ■•> but the Cock does
it much longer, louder, and oftener.
The beil fort of Nightingales frequent High-ways,
Orchards, and fing clofe by houfes : thefe when taken
will feed fooneft, being more acquainted with the com-
pany of people i and after their feeding will grow fa-
miliar, and fmg fpeedily. Obferve, not to untye too
foon the Wings of your Nightingale i for if he be not
very familiar and tame when he is untyed, he will be
apt to beathimfelf againft the Cage, and fo fpoil him-
felf.
Now as to their Difeafes and Cures, oWerve this,
that at the latter end of Attguji they grow very fat,
either abroad or in a Cage : when it begins to abate
when they do not fing, it is a dangerous ligne » where-
fore to remedy this, keep them very warm,giving them
Saffron in their meat or water : when you perceive the
growth of their fat, purge them thrice a Week for a
Month, either with a Worm which is found in ?i-
gewhoufes, or with a fpeckled Spider, which you may
find plentifully about Vines, Currans, or Goofe-berry-
bulhes in AuguH^ and at no time elfc. If they are me-
lancholy, put into their Drinking-pot fome Liquorifh
with a little white Sugar-candy, giving them to feed
on
on Sheeps-heart (hvcd fmall, fome Meal-worms, and
Eggs mingled with Pifmires. It is ftrange that fomc of
thefe Birds when fat will fart three weeks, which I have
known •, but it is better when they eat.
Nightingales kept in a Cage two or three years, are
fubje6t to the Gout : for their Cure, take frelh Butter
and anoint their Feet four or five days, and they will
be well again. Here note, that for want of keeping
them clean, their Feet are clog'd, and then their Claws
will rot off, and are fubjed to Gout and Ciamp, and
will take no delight in themfelvesi to prevent thefe
mifchiefs, put dry Sand into the bottom of their Cages,
They are likewife troubled with Aporthumes and
breaking out about their Eyes and Neb i for which, ufe
Capons-greafe. And thus much of the Difeafes of the
Nightingale*
Of the CANARY-BIRD.
T Hough many of thefe Birds are lately brought from
Germany^ and therefore are called by the name of
that Country, yet undoubtedly their Original procee-
ded from the CanaryAiliinds. They are in colour much
like our Green-birds^ but differ much in their Song and
Nature ^ and in this they differ from all Birds : For as
others are fubje(ft to be fat, the Cocks of thefe never
are, by reafon of the greatnefs of their mettle, and
their lavifh finging ; either of thefe will not fuffcr him
to keep hardly fle(h upon his back.
The be(\ of them are fhaped long, (landing ftraight
and boldly.
Before you buy either thefe German or Canary-birds^
hear them (ing, and then you will know how to pleafe
[12] ' your
i62 &i stMim^
your Ear or fancy, either with Sweet-fong, Lavifh-
note, or Long-fong, which is belt, having moft variety
of Notes. Some like thofe that xvhvikjinA chew like
unto a Tii-larkj* others are for thofe that begin like a
Sk^e-larJ^;, and fo continue their Song with a long, yet
fweet Note i a third fort are for thofe that begin their
Song with the Sk^e-lark^^ and then run upon the Notes
of the Nightingale^ which is very pleafant if he does
it well : The laft is for aloud Note and lavifli, regar-
ding no more in it than a noife.
if you would know whether your Canary'hird be in
health before you purchafe him, take him out of the
Store- cage,and put him into a clean Cage alone , where
if he ftand boldly without crouching, without (hrink-
ing Feathers , and his Eyes looking brisk and chear-
fully •-, thefe are good fignes of a healthy Bird : But
now obfcrve, if he bolts his Tail like a N/^/:>itfwg^/e af-
ter he hath dunged, it (hews he is not well i though he
feem lively for the prefent,there is fome Diftemper near
attending : likewife if he either dung very thin and
watty, or of a iliray white, and no blacknefs in it ;
thefe arc dangerous fignes of death approaching.
Thefe Birds are fubjed to many Difeafes, as Impo-
fthumes which afflidt their head, and are of a yellow
colour, caufing a great heavinefs, and withal a falling
from the Pearch, and death enfuing, if this Malady be
not fpcedily cured. The moft approved Cure is to
make an Ointment of frefh Butter and Capons-greafe
melted together, and anoint therewith the Bird's Im-
pofthume three or four days together : if it become foft,
open it gently and let out the matter ? then anoint the
place with fome of the fame Ointment, and this will
immediately cure him : during the Cure, give him Figs,
and Liquorifh, and white Sugar-candy in his Wa-
ter.
Canary-birds above three yeais oW are called Runts »
at
S)f jfoUJimD:* 103,
at two years old they are called Erifs •■> and thofe of
the firft year are called Branchers i when they are new
flown and cannot feed themfelves, they are called
fujhers s and thofe tiiat are brought up by hand, Ncjl-
lings. Now fince there are but few Canary- birds which
breed in England^ it being fo great a trouble to look af-
ter them, I (hall here infert nothing concerning the or-
dering when they intend or begin to build i what things
are neceifary for them when they begin to breed i how
toforder them when they have young ones i or how to
breed the young ones when taken out of the Neft :
Thofe who intend to be informed of every thing here-
unto belonging, may ealily be inftru<I^ed by applying
themfelves to feveral Germans in and about the City,
who make it their bufinefs to breed Canary-birds after
the beft (German) falhion.
Of the BLACK-BIRD.
A S fome do eftecm the Nightingale to be the beft
.ZJ Singing-bird in the World, fo in my opinion the
Blackcbird is the worft , yet they are as frequently kept
as their betters, and are in great eUimation amongll
the Vulgar h for no other reafon that I know, than for
the loudnefe and coarfenefs of his Song, as they are
Borilh in their Speech, and have little but rufticity in
th^ir Conditions. To be ftioit, he is better to be eaten
than kept, and is much fweeter to the Palate when
dead, than to the Ear when living. >
She builds her Neft upon old Stumps of Trees by
Ditch-fides, or in thick Hedges. As they begin be-
times, that is, in the beginning of March, ( when ma-
ny times the Woods are full of Snow ) fo they breed
[ 1 3 ] often
1^4- £)r f OtDlUtg*
often, that is, three or four times a year, according a-s
theylofe their Neft.
The young Blach^-birds are brought up almoft with
any meat vvhatfocver ••> but above all,they love Ground-
worms, Shceps-heart,hard Eggs, and white Bread and
Milk mixt together.
This Bird fings fomewhat more than three months
in the year i hisNote.j as 1 faid, is harlh, therefore to
adde a value to him, let him be taught to whilUe , yet
put^ong and Whittle together, in my judgment it is
htter for a large hine than a Lady's Chamber.
Of the THROSTLE.
•
|F Throfiles there be five kinds? the Mifile'throjile,
tiie Northern'throjile or Felfare^ the JFind-thro^le^
the Wood-Jong-thro(ik^ and the Bcath-throjile,
The hrft is the largeli of all the live, and the moft
beautiful i it feeds for the raoft part on the Berries of
Millletoe : and iince that they are fo good againft the
Falling-ticknefs and Convuliions, thefe throjiles^ when
dried and pulverized and drank in the water of Miftle-
toe, or Black- cherry-water, are much more eife^ual
againd thofe two Diiiempers. He fings but little, and
therefore though the young ones are ealietobe brought
up, being hardy, yet he is not worth the keeping i for
his Notes arc rambling and confufed, yet not lavilh
neither.
The fecond is the Felfare, who comes into England
before Michae!m4f^ and goes away about the beginning
of March. In hard weather they feed on Hips and
Haws ■■) but when it is indifferently warm, there being
neither Fwi\ nor Snow on the ground, they feed on
young Gsafs and Worms. They
They breed upon certain Rocks near the Scotifh
Shore three or four times a year, and are there in very
great numbers ; They are not fo fit tor the Cage as
the Spit, having a moft lamentable untun'd chattering
tone: in Froft and Snow they are very fat, and then.
are moft delicate food > but being killed in open wea-
ther, they are fo bitter, that they are not worth the
eating.
Thirdly, the Wind-throfile, ( or Whindle ) which
travels with the Fdfare out of the North, is a fmaljer
Bird, with a dark red under his Wing. He breeds in
Woods and Shaws as Song-throfiks ufe to do, and hath
an indifferent Song, exceeding the two former j but
yet they are fitter for the Pot or Spit than for a Gage
or Avery.
The fourth is the JVood-fong-thmJikj and fings moft
incomparably, both laviftily, and with variety of Notes :
To adde to his eftimation, he fings at lealt nine of the
twelve months in the year.
They build about the fame time, place, and manner
as the Black^hird does : her policy in the building of
her Neft is much to be admired, fince the compofurc
cannot be mended by the art of Man : Befides the cu-
rious building, ftie leaves a little hole in the bottom of
her Neft, as I conceive to let out the Water, if a vio-
lent ftiower ftiould come, that fo her Eggs or young
ones may not be drowned.
They go very loon to Neft if the Weather fa-
vour them, and breed three times a year, that is, in
March ot Aprils May and June \ but the firft Birds u-
fually prove the beft.
Take them in the Neft when they are fourteen
days old , and keep them warm and clean , not
fuifering them to fit on their Dung, but fo con-
trive it, that they dung over the Neft. Feed them
with raw Meat and fome Bread chopped togethes
[I 4] wiih
with bruifea Hemp-reed, wetting your Bread before Vou
mingle it with ihe meat.
Being throughly tiedg'd,put them into a Cage where
they may have room enough, with two or three Pear-
ches, and fome Mofs at the bottom of the Cage, to keep
them cleans for otherwife they will be troubled with
the Cramp, and for want of delighting in themfejves
the finging will be fpoil'd.
Bread and Hemp -feed is as good food for them as
can be given : and be mindful of furnifhing them ac
kali twice a week withfreQi water,that they may bathe
and prune themfelves therein, otherwife they will not
thrive.
The fifth and M is the Heath-throfile, which is the
leaft we have in England, Laving z dark breaft Some
are of opinion that this bird exceeds the Seng-throfik
having better Notes, and neater Plume. ' -
The Hen builds by the Heath-fide in a Furz-buffi,
or ftump of an old Haw-thorn, and makes not Shaw?
3nd Woods her haunt as other throjiles do. She begins
not to breed till the middle of ^^ri/ , and breeds but
twice in a year •, and if kept clean and well fed, will
iing three parts in four of the whole year. Their man-
ner of breeding is in: like-fort as the former.
^ To know the Cock from the Hen, according to old
Country- judgment, is to chufe the top-bird of theNeif
which commonly ismoft fledg'd. Others think that to*
be the Cock which hath the largeft Eye,and moft fpec-
Kles on his breaft. Others chufe the Cock by the pinion
of his \^ ing, if it hath a very dark black that goes a-
crofs It i but a|)ove all, chufe him thus : If his Gullet
be vvhite with black ftreaks on each fide, his fpots on
his Breaft large and black, having his head of a light
Ihinmg brown, with black ftreaks under each Eye and
upon thepinion of the Wing ; thefe are the beft marks
thateverlobfeived.
' Of
£Df f oluli'nff* 167
Ofthe ROBIN-RED-BREAST.
IT is the opinion of fome, that this little King of .
Birds for fweetnefs of Note comes not much (hore
of the Nightingale. It is a very tender Bird, and there-
fore muft have its Cage lined. They breed very early
in the Spring, and commonly thrice a year.
When the young are about ten days old, take them
from the old ones , and keep them in a little Bower-
basket : if they tarry long in the Neft , they viWX be
fullen, and therefore more difficultly brought up : yo^
muft feed them as you feed the Nightingale in all re-
fpe<as : finding them grow ftrong, put them into a
Cage, put Mofs in the bottom thereof , and let them
Hand warm.
The way of taking a Kohin-red-hreaji is fo eafie and
common, that every Boy knows how to take him in a
Pit-fall i but with a Trap-cage and a Meal-worm you
may take half a fcore in a day : Hearing them fing,
keep thofe birds which moft delight you. If you take
any without hearing them fmg, thus you (hall know
whether he be Cock or Hen h if a Cock, his breaft will
he of a darker red, and his red will go farther up upon
the head than the Hens.
Ofthe WREN.
THis Bird in my opinion is a pretty (met dappei
Songfter, being of a nature chearful ; as he is
pkafant to the Earjfo he is to the Eye i and when he
fmgs
1^8 0f JFofdrmg:*
fings cocks up his Tail, and throws out his Notes with
fo much alacrity and pleafure , that I know not any
bird of its bignefs n^ore delights the fenfe of Hea-
ling.
This Bird builds twice a year, about the latter end of
Aprils in fhrubs where Ivy grows thjck,and fometimes
in old Hovels and Barns. They lay a nunrnerous quan-
tity of Eggs j and I can affure you I have feen a Neft
containing two and twenty : herein are two things
greatly to be wondred at i ftrA, that fo fmall a bird
ftiould cover fuch a great quantity of Eggs j fecondly,
when they have hatched, to feed them all , and not to
mifs one bird, and in the dark alfo.
Their fecond time of breeding is in the middle of
June ; of either breed, what you intend to keep rauft
betaken out of the Neft at thirteen or fourteen days
old. Let their food be Sheeps*heart and Egg minced
very fmall, or Calves or Heifers-heart i but be fure to
clear them of the Fat and Sinews, which muftbe a ge-
neral rule to be obferved for all Meat-birds. Feed them
in the Neft every day very often, but a little at a time i
let the inftrument you feed them with be a Stick \ and
when you obferve them to pick it off of their own ac--
cord, then cage them, and putting meat to them in a
little Pan, and about the fides of the Cage, to entice
them to eat j however, have a care to feed them too,
left they ncgled: themfelves and die. When they can
feed themfelves very well, give them once in three days
a Spider,br two. You may teach them to whiftle tunes
if you fo defire it •, for they are eafily taught, being a
bhd that's very docible. Here note, if they be fed with
Pafte, they will live longer than if they fed upon Hearts.
The browneft and largett of the young IVrens are the
Cocks.
Of
flDf f otuiing*
Of the WOOD-LARK.
SOme prefer the Wood-larh^ before the Nightingale •,
but it is of this bird as all others, forae are more
excellent in length and fweetnefs of Song.
This bird breeds the fooneft of any we have, by rea-
bn of his extraordinary mettlefomenefs : and there-
fore if they are not taken in the beginning oi February
It leaii* they grow fo rank that they will prove good
'or nothing.
The places this bird moft delights in are gravelly
erounds , and Hills lying towards the Orient, and in
Oat-ftubs. Their building is in your Laiers grounds,
where the Grafs is rank and ruffet, making their Nefts
of Bennet-grafs, or dead Grafs of the field vinder fome
large Tuffet, to (helter them from the injury of the wea-
This Bird hath very excellent pleafant Notes, with
ereat variety, infomuch that I have obferved fome have
hadalmoft thirty feveral Notes i which if they fing
lavifti, is a moft ravilbing melody or harmony , if the
Nightingale joyn in confort.
Thefe Birds are never bred from theNefts as ever
I could hear: I have feveral times attemjpted it, but to
no purpofe i for notwithftanding my greateft care,
they died in a Week, either of the Cramp or Scow-
The times of the year to take them are Jme.Jaly,
Amuii; and then they arc called young Br^wckrj, ha-
ving not yet moulted. They are taken likewife at the
latter end of -^e^icw^eri but having then moulted, the
young and old are not diftinguilhable,
JLiwiTiy,
i7<5 Of jFoMmg*
Laftly, they are taken from the beginning of Ja^
mary to the latter end of February , at which time
they are all coupled and returned to their Breeding-
places.
The way to take them in June, July, and Augujl, is
with an Hobby, after this manner ; get out in a dewy
Morning, and go to the fides of fomc Hills which He
to the riling of the Sun, where they moft ufualiy fre-
quent i and having fprung them, obferve where they
fall i then furroundr them twice or thrice with you^
Hobby on your Fill, caufing him to hover when you
draw near, by which means they will lie ftill till you
clap a Net over them, which you carry on the point of
a Stick. js-
If three or four go together, take a Net like, one
made for Partridges : when you go with a Setting-dog
onely, the Mefh muli be fmaller, that is, a W)^-me(h i ,
aiad then your Hobby to the Lark^ is like a Setting-dog
to Partridges, and with your Net at one draught you
may take the whole flock.
The If^ood-lark^thzt is taken in June, July, and Au-
gujl will fing prefently, but will not laft long, by rea-
(on of their moulting. That which is taken in Janw
ary 2Lnd. February will fing in five or fix days, or fooner i
and thefe are the belt, being taken in full ftomack, and
are more perfe<5t in their Song than thofe taken at o-
iher feafons.
If in the Cage you find him grow poor at the be-
ginning of the Spring, give him every two or three
days a Turff of Three-lea v'd-grafs, (as isufedtothe,
Skie'lar\) and boil him a Sheeps heart and mince :
it finall, mingling it among his Bread, Egg , and
Hemp-feed, which will caufe him to thrive e^itraordi-
narily.
If he be troubled with Lice., (a Diftemper he is com-
monly afflided withal ) take him out of the Cage, and
fmoak
Of f oMinff* 17 1
*moak him with Tobacco i give him frefh gravel, and
'et him in a hot place where the Sun fliines, and this •
ill cure him if he have ftrength to bask in the
land.
Ifyou would have him fing lavi(h, feed him with
Cheeps-heart, Egg, Bread and Hemp-feed mixt toge-
ither, and put into his water a little Liquoriih , white
Sugar-candy , and Saffron : Let this be done once a
week.
Upon the firft taking of your Wood-lark^ thus muft
you do •, you muft put into your Cage two Pans, one iot
minc'd meat, and another for Oat-meal and whole
Hemp-feed. Then having boil'd an Egg hard, take the
crums of white Bread, the like quantity of Hemp-feed
pounded in a Mortar,and mingle your Bread and it with
your Egg minc'd very fmall, and give it him. Let there
be at the bottom of the Cage fine red Gravel, and let
It be (hlftcd every week at farthcf^ i for he delights
to bask in the Sand , which will not be convenient if
fourd with his Dung. Let the pearch of the Cage be
lift'd with green Bays,or which is better,make a pearch
of a Mat : and left they fhould not find the Pan fo foon
as they (hould do, to prevent famine, ftrewupon the
Sand fome Oat- meal and Hemp-feed.
How to know the Cock is thus : firft, the lar^nefs
and length of his Call: Secondly, his tall walking:
Thirdly, at Evenings the doubling of his Note, which
Artifis C2i\\ Cuddling ', but ifyou hear him fing ftrong,
you cannot be deceived.
Here note, that if a Bird fingsnot that is taken in
February and January within one month after, you may
conclude him not worth the keeping, or clfe is an Hen
infiillibly. , . , •
The Wood-lar\ as it is naturally endewed with m-
comparable notes, fo it is a tender Bird, and difficult
to be kfpt i but if rightly ordered, and well look'd to.
472 SDf JFoMitto:*
will be a moft delightful Songfter to its Matter ^
growing better and better every year even to the very
laft.
Thefe Birds are very fubjedt to the Cramp , Gid-
dinefs in the Head, and to Loulinefs. The beft reme-
dy to prevent the Cramp, is to (hift the Cage often with
frefh Gravel,otherwife the Dung will clog to their feet,
which caufeth the Cramp. The giddinefs of the Head
proceedeth from feeding upon much Hemp-feed : per-
ceiving this diftemper , give him fome Gentles, ( the
common Bait for Fi(her-men ) Hog-lice, Emmets and
their Eggs, with Liquorifh, all put into water, will
ferve in their ftead, and will cure immediately. Louzi-
nefs Cwhich caufeth leannefs in this bird) is cured as I
faid before by fmoaking Tobacco.
Of the S K I E-L A R K : the fever d ways
to take them -, and when taken,
how to order them.
THere is a great difference tetween one Skje-lark,
and another i for one may not be worth two
pence, when another (hall be worth two pounds.
This Bird is very hardy, and will live upon any
food in a manner, fo that he have but once a week a
TurffofThree-leav'd-gvafs. As the ^TW-WI^ hath
young ones in March, the S^k-larh, hath rarely any till
the middle of May. They commonly build in Corn,
or thick high grafs Meadows, and feldom have more
than four : take them at a fortnight old , and at firft
give them minced Iheeps- heart with a chopt hard Egg
mingled : when they can feed alone, give them Bread,
Hemp-feed, and Oat-meal, let the Bread be min-
gled
S)f if otoiittff^ 173
gtcd with Egg, and the Herap-feed bruifed : Let them
have Sand in the bottom of their Cagei Pearches there-
in are to no purpofe.
As the ?rW-/^r^ is taken with Net and Hobby, fa
may the SJqelarkjic taken alfo. They are taken like-
wife in dark nights with a Trammel •, this Net is about
fix and thirty yards long,and fix yards over,run through
with iix ribs of Pack-thread ; which ribs at the ends
ire put upon two Poles fixtcen foot long , made taper
It each end, and fo is carried between two men half a
yard from the ground i every fix fteps touching the
ground, to caufe the Birds to fly up, other wife you may-
carry the Net over them without difturbing them :
hearing them fly againft the Net, clap it down, and they
are fafe under it. This is a very murdering Net, taking
ill forts of birds that it comes near, as Vartridges^^ails^
Woodcocks, Snipes^ Felfares, and what not, alraoft in e-
l^ery dark night.
The next way of taking them is with a pair of
Day-nets and a Glafs, which is incomparable paftime
in a Frofty Morning. Thefe Nets are commonly fe-
iren Foot deep , and Fifteen long , knit with your
French Me(h , and very fine Thread. Thefe Nets
:ake all forts of fmall Birds that come within their
!^ompafs , as Bunting'lark/ , and Linnets in abun-
dance.
Thefe Larkj are alfo taken by a Low-bell , with a
5reac light carried in a Tub both by one man, and the
^Jet by another » this Bell and Light fo amazeth them,
hat they lie as dead, and ftir not till the Net overcaft
:hem. By this Bell are all forts of Fowls and Birds
:aken, zs Partridge 2ind Fheafanty and if the Bell be
00 wd, or very deep, P«cj^, Mallard^ Woodceck^y and
?«//>e may be taken.
The laft way of taking Larh^ is in a great
^now, by taking an hundted or two hundred yards
of
174 ' Of jFolufitti):*
of Pack-threacJ, faltning at every fix inches a Moofe
made with Horfe-hair •> two hairs are fufficient. Now
fince I have already defcribed this way of taking Larkif-,
I (hall defift, and onely inform you that thofe Larks you
intend to preferve for Gnging, muft be taken in OCiober
or November : Chufe the ftraighteft, largeft, and loftieft
Bird, and he that hath moft white on his Tail, four
thefe are the marks of the Cock, Obfervc in this Bird,
as in all others, that you give no fait Meat, nor Bread
feafon'd with fait.
Of the LINNET.
THeir Ncfts are ufually in Thorn-buQies and Furz-
bu(hcs •> and fome of the hotter fort of them will
breed four times a year. The young ones may be taken
at four days old,if you intend to teach them to whiftle,
or learn the Song of other Birds: for being fo young,
they know not the tune of the old Bird. Being (o
young, keep them very warm, and feed them often,
and a little at a time : there mult be bruifed foaked
Kape-feeds, with the like quantity of white bread, ol
which there muft be frefti made every day to prevent
fowring, which will make them fcowr to death : let
not their Meat be too dry, for fear of being Vent-
burnt. If you intend they (hall whiftle, do you whiftle
to them in the time of Feeding, being more apt tc
learn before they can crack hard feeds. Whatever Bird
you intend your Linnet (hall learn his Notes of, hang
him under it, and he will perfectly imitate him : nay.
fo docible this Bird is, as I have been credibly infor-
med, that fome of them have been taught to fpeak,
To know the Cock from the Hen, mult not alwayj
b&
£)firoMnt£f^ 175
be difcovered by their Breafis \ but the Cock is beft
known by the brownnefs of his Back and the white
in his Wing i t[iat is to fay, take your young Linnet
when the Wing-feathers are grown, and Ihetchout his
Wing, holding his body fafl: with the other hand i and
then obferve the white upon the fourth, hfth, and
fixth Feather *, if it caft a gliftering white , and the
white goes clofe to the Quil, this is a fure fign of a
Gock.
Many are the Difeafes of this Bird, as the Ptifick,
known by his panting, flaring Feathers, lean Brealt,
and {pilling his Seeds up and down the Cage » and
this Difeafe happens for want of Water, or for want
of green Meat in the Spring : He is troubled alio
with Streins or Convulfions of the Breaft : Sonnetimes
he is afflided with hoarfnefs in his voice, being over-
ftrein'd in finging : he is fometimes melancholy , at
other times afflided with fcowring, of which there are
three forts s the firft is thin, and with a black or white
fubftance in the middle, not very dangerous > the fe-
cond is between a black and white, clammy and flick-
ing, this is bad *, but the third and laft is moft raorraK
which is the white clammy fcowring : The feveral
Cures I fiiall not here fet down for brevity fake, but re-
fer you to the care of the Bird-merchant.
Of the GOLD-FINCH, or CHRIST-
M A S'F 00 Ufocaf/ed in Norfolk.
THey are taken in great plenty about Michaelmof^
and will foon become tame. The beauty of this
Birds feverally-colout'd Feathers is not much taken
notice of, becaufe they are fo common among us j but
[m] they
11 6 (Df jfoiDimo:. ,
they have been fo noted and valued beyond Sea, that
they have been tranfported in great quantifies fpt
great rarities.
They breed commonly in Apple-trees and Plutri-
trees thrice a year. You muft take the young ones
with the Neft at ten days old, and feed them after this
n^anner : Take fome of the beft Hemp-feed, pound it,
lift it, and mix it with the like quantity of white
bread, with fome flower of Canary-feeds i and taking
up the quantity of a white Pea wpon a fmall Stick, feed
them therewith three or four bits at a time, making
fre(h every day : You muft keep thefe Birds very warm
till they can feed themfelves, for their nature is veyy
tender.
For the purgation of this Bird, as well as all others
which feed on Hemp-feed, take the feeds of Mellons,
Succory, and Mercury, which is a principal Herb for
the Linnet \ but the beft for the Gold-finch are Lettice
and Plantain i and nothing can be more wholefome
for him than Wall or Loom-earth, and fome fine
Sand, and a lump or two of Sugar put always into his
Cage.
Of the TIT-LARK.
THis Bird is very ftiort in his Song, and no variety
in it 5 yet fome fancy him for his WhUh^g^
lurriug^ and Clntving : He commonly appears at that
time of the year that the Nightingale does, which is
the beginning of Jpril, and leaves us at the begin-
ning ot September : They are fed when taken as the
Nightingale i you muft cram him at firft, for he will
not feed himfelf, by reafon he always feeds on live
meat
f)f jTotolmn:*, 177
meat in the field, for which caufe he is unacquainted
with the meat we offer hinn : when he comes to feed
ofhimfelf, he will eat what the fFood-lark^c^its, or al-
moft any other meat.
This Bird breeds about the latter end of Aprils or
beginning oi May^ and builds her Neft on the ground
by (om£ Pond-fide or Ditch-fide, and feeds her young.
with Caterpillars or Flies. They are eafily brought up
being hardy, and are not fubje<5t to Colds or Cramps
as other Birds are, but live long if preferved with
care. If you breed up this Bird young and cleanly, yp,u^
may pleafe your felf with his Song j all that I can fay
of it is, Short andfrveet.
Of the CHAF-FINCH.
THere is no fcarcity of this Bird , and in my mind
fitter for the Spit than a Cage, having but one
(hort plain Song, yet for that he is admired by fome^
and kept very charily.
They build their Nefts in Hedges and Trees of all
(brts, and have young ones twice or thrice a yeart
they are feldom bred up from the Neft, becaufe they arc
not apt to take another Birds Song, nor to whiftle.
The EJfeX'finch is beft both for length of Song, and
variety, concluding it with feveral Notes very prettily.
He is very little fubjed to any Difeafe, onely he is in-
clinable'to be veryloufie, if he be notfprinkled with a
little Wine twice or thrice a month.
(78 £)f iF0lUltltfif4
Of the ST A KLING.
THis Bird is generally kept by all forts of people a-
bove any other bird for whiftling i bat their grea-
tcft fault is, they have them too fledgM out of the Neft,
and that makes them retaiii commonly fo much of their
6wn harfti Notes : therefore thofe who do intend to
have them excellent, and avoid their own fqueaking
Notes, muft take them from the old ones at the end of
.three or four days i and thus you muft do to all birds
you would learn to whittle, or fpeak, or learn another
birds Song by hanging under him.
0/^k RED-STA RT.
THis Bird is a Fore-runner of the Nightingale^ and
is of a very fullen dogged temper in a cage i but
abroad is very chearful, and hath a very pleafant kind
of whiftling Song.
The Cock is fair and beautifully coloured, and is de-'
lightful to the eye. They breed thrice a year i the lat-
ter end oiAprily in May^ and towards the latter end of
June,
They build ufually in holes of hollow Trees , or
under houfe-eaves: She is the Queft bird I know of
her building-, for when (he is about her Neft, if (he
perceive any look on, ftie forfakes it •, and if you touch
an Egg fhe never comes more to the Neft , and if ftic
have young ones and you do the like, (he will either
ftarve them , or break their Necks over the Neft.
Now
Now though the old ones are thus dogged , yet if you
bring up their young, their nature will alter, and bcf
come very tame. ,
Youmuft take them out of the Neft ajjout ten day?
old i if they ftay longer, they will learn (bmewhat of
the old one's fulJen temper. You muft feed them with
Sheeps-heart and Eggs chopped and mi^t together, a-
bout the quantity of three white Peas, upon the end
of a Stick, when they open their mouths : when they
will thus feed, put them into a Cage with meat about
it,and a Pan of meat therein ■■, and though he feed him-
fclf, yet it will be very fpaiingly for four or five days,
wherefore you murt now and then feed him your fclf.
Keep him warm in the Winter, and he will tii-»g as wclj
in the night as the day.
-^
Of the BULL-FINCH.
THe BuU'finch hath no Song of his own, nor whi-
ttle neither, but is very apt to learn any thing
almoft, if taught by the mouth.
0/^/;^. GREEN-FINCH.
THis Bird is not worth a keeping for his Song, but;
for his colour, and being a hardy heavy bird to
ring the Bells.
They breed very fillily by the High-wayrfide , and
early before the Hedges have leaves upon them i which
caufes every one to fee their Nefts at fir(l:,fo that feldom
their firft Nefts comoC to any thing^. They byeed three
' times
i8o £DfiFotDling*
times a year , and the young ones are very hardy
birds to be brought up. You may feed them with
white Bread and Rape bruifed and foaked together :
He is apter to take the "Whiftle than another Bird's
Song. Al! that can be faid of him, he is a very dull
Bird, and will never kill himfelf either by fingingor
whirling.
Kt> oil f'Mq.'i ,' . ;
3i/0d£ ■:....« )1j!V7 !;,m.':; '•!•:? jr)!') "; ~- ^""^
^'^l<)f^m'U<^nQM^^^ P A R R o w.
THis is not fo defpicable a bird as fome would have
it \ for if you will mind its Song, you will firtd
very delightful Notes, and lings early in the Spring
with great variety. Old or young become tame very
quickly, and will ilng in a fhort time after they are ta-
ken i fo that you take them at the latter end of Janw
ary or beginning of February : they Will feed almoft on
any thing you give them.
They commonly build in a White-thorn or private
Hedge, laying Eggs much djucrent from other Bird s^
being of a very hne blue colour. This Bird is very
tradlable, and will take any bird's Song almoft, if ta-
ken young cut of theNeft. I (hall only fpdak a few
Experiments -of fjtThers, and deliver fome Obfervations
of ray own concerning the length of Birds lives, and
which are moft proper for whiiiling, and fo {hall endl
this Treatife.
Firft, As to the length of Birds Lives : Among Nigh-
iingales fome live but one year, fome three, fome five,
fome eight, and fome twelve » finging better and bet-
ter for the firft feven or eight years, and after that
decline by little and little : They muft have careful
keepers that can preferve their lives to the fifth year i
experi-
€)f fdtDlmfi:* i8i
cxfierience informs us, where one lives to that age, an
hundred die.
The IVood-lark^ feldom lives in a Cage above fix
yeajfS, and hardly five.
ihtKohin nd'hreafi x^lz\'j lives above feven years •,
for he is a tender Bird, and much fubjedt to the F'al-
ling-ficknefs , Cramp, and Oppieffion of the Sco-
mack.
The Skte-lark^zs he is a hardy Bird, (b he is long
liv'd alfo. All ibrts of Seed-birds live longer, than a-
ny foft-beak'd Birds, efpecially the Canary and Linnet,
1 have known a Canary-bird live and fing within a year
of twenty i in like manner the Linnet.
So much as to the Lives of Singing Birds i let us now
confider which are moft ht for Whirling.
In the firft place I look upon the Starling to be'"
the beft » and never heard better than at the Grey-
Honnd in St. M^iry Ax^ taught and fold by the inge^
nious Mafter of that Houfe. But fince I have fpoken
of the Starling and Bull-finch already , I (hall in\\i\ no
farther.
The Blackj bird hath a kind of rude Whiftle •,
and if young taken out of the Nelf , is very apt to
learn.
The Robin-red-hreajl is a moft incomparable Bird
for the Whiltle , and to Speak alfo. A Robin is
a hot-mettled Bird , and therefore he muli not be in
the hearing of another , wherefore if you breed two,
let them be feparated into two feveral Rooms, that
they may not hear , and fo confequently fpoil each o-
ther.
The Canary-bird will learn to Whittle any thing al-
raolt, if taken young out oftheNcli, otherwife not i
for being a very hot-mettled Bird, he will run upon his
own Song do what you can.
The Linnet will learn any Tune almoftj if not too
[m 4] long^
i82 ©f jfOtDltttg*
long, and too full of variety. Learn him one Tur>e
firft, then another, keeping him dark and ftill, out of
the noife of other Birds.
Take this for a general Rule for all Birds, That the
younger they be, the better they will prove, and an-
fwer your expe(^ation for all your trouble and paln|S
in bringing up and keeping them.
An
f)f f otDUng. '■ 183
An Abftrad
Offuch
STATUTE-LAWS
As concern
FOWLING.
N
Stat. II Hen. 7. cap. 17.
j^ne Cball taKe iPfieafant^ oi patttiB-^
^ , ge0tt)it&€ugine0maiiot6er'jsg?oimli
toifbDUt Licenfe, tn pain of lo i. to be otbi-
Beti bettoixt tlje I)tDnet of tfie (^?ounn ann
P^oCecuto?*
rStat, 25 Hen. 8. cap. 11.
l5one ftall neffrnp o? tafee atoap tfie (JSggsS
of anp CBilti f 0M3 in paitt to forfeit foi
etietp Cgg af a Crane o? 'BuftatU fo taken
0? oefttopen 20 d. Of a 'Bittern, ^etn, oi
^f)0 Wanti 8 d. ano of a ^allacn^'Ceal, oi
otfiet mtlti^f oM id. tobenmoetiljettoijct
tfie »ing ann tlie p^ofecuto?.
Stae.
Stat. 23Eliz. cap. lo.
5l5aitc ffiall Ml nt take aitp prjcafantis
n? partnnpis toitl) anp il5et o? engine,
tn t6e mgljt-tlttie> in pain to faifeit fo? eljecp
pgearant 20 s. ^ntJ fo^ eUert) l^totitige 10 s.
tn^icj if tge ©ffentier pap not loitf)itt ten
tiai^jS, 6e fljall fuffer one montftsS amp^ifon-
ttient tDitfiout TBail, ant» enter into Tdonti
(fo? tlDO ^eatjs) tDitS gooti^uretie!^ before
fottie 31«fttcej5 of lS)eace5 not to offenn intfie
like kinti, n"0'>no:v ?j
"11. Bone fljall mM o^^unt tnitlj W
^paniel0 in ffannino: i^iaitty 0? Defoie it iis
^tocken ( etcept in w omx ^loium, 01
tDitlj tfje OiBner'^ confent) in pam to forfeit
40 s. to tl)t Otuner of tfje fain i^jounu, to tie
tecojjeten ai3 afo^efaiD. . ^
W^ ^it fljaU not teatain jTaMetjeiiuSij
untoitlinglj^ tafte IPfjcafantjs o^iS)actt(0gei5,
mjl)i fo^tfiUjitlj iet tljemgo at latge*
Stat. I Jacob, cap. 27,
Cl)erp petfon cohbtcteu bpi)i^ olun Con-
feaion, 01 bp tU3o fflitnelfe^ upon C>atlj,
Mole ttno o^Utble futticeji of Ig^eace, to
t)au mm 01 Caken anp i^fieafant, par«
triDge, Pigeon, o^ otfjer i^ame > o? to ijalje
tal^en o? neiftopeti tfte €m^ of Sl)earant0,
paitnogeis, oi ^loan0, fhail l)p tfje fain
juilice^ be committed to p^tfon luitbout
'Bnil,unIef0 !je itmitetiiatelp pap to tlje ufc
of tlje &m liuijere tlje £Dffence toass commit-'
ten
ieti,o? 8e appieljeittJet!, 20 s. fo? etietj> jf otol 0?
Cso: fo feii!cri,talteit o^ nelicopen ■■> aitti aftcc
mt ^ontf)!5 Cottimttment, ftall ftcfo^c tuia
ni mo?e3l«ftKej5 ot'PeaceiJC tounu UJitlj ttna
fuff icient ^uretiess in 20 1. apiece3U)it!j contii-
tioit mux to offenn in tf)e like kinn agaiiu
n. €Decp perfan contJictet! a0 nbo^jefaiti,
to keep a (^jej^-fioimUj Dog, 02 Bet to kill
0? take Deer, ^pace, ic^ljeafantv 01 par-
ttttjge (unlef^ frefjaije snfientance of loi.
per Annum, a leafe fO| life of 30I. per Annum,
01 be loo^tl) 200 1. lit (^CDti03 01 otljetrUJife be
tfte ^on of a OBaton 01 ^im])U 01 ^tit
apparent of an €fqmre) fljall fuffer Impn-
foitmeitt a«5 afoiefain, imlefis Ije pap 40 s. to
tlje life aboMain*
III. mom ftall fell, oj buj> to fell agaitt
anp Pfteafant 0? partringe , ( except bp
tljem reared up 0^ b^ougljt from beponn
^ea ) in pain to forfeit fo^ eberp I5beafant
20 s. ann etierp l^artriuire 10 s. to be nibioetJ
bettoirt tije lS)^ofecuto? antitfje pco? oftfje
parifljtoljere fuel) SDffence i0 committeo*
Stat. 7 Jacob, cap. ii.
€betp petfon conbicteti bp \)i^ om Con*
felTion, 01 bp tUJO mitntKm upon C>atl}, be-
fore tvro 01 mo}t :ju(liCE^ of Peace, to imt
^auiketi, o^ueltropeti anpp})£afanto^lpar=
tritige, betft3ij:t tlje firft of July anti tlje laft
0f Auguft, Iballfaifer one ?3onetb0\J.mpn=
fonment Uiitljout osail, unlefs fje pap to tlje
ufe oftbe PaJiiuijere t^e Offence iua^ com-
mitten
i85 £Df f OMUtff.
ntittelija^lje app?e6etttieti 4© s. fat t^m time
fa fiaiuhiiio:? arm *o s. foi eijerp ipjcafant ai
}i artritiije fo taken oi Ueff co^en : 'But tW
offence ftall fie p^afecuteti luitSin fijc montfiis
after it (tial! be contmitteti*
1 1. 3it ffiail ije laluful fo? tlje Eo?ti of a
^anno?, oi mv fiaiiino: fcee mntmx , lin-
hecitance of 40 1. per Annum, jfree-j)ol0 of
80 1. per Annum, 01 ^OJtljS UJO^tlj 400 1- 0? tfteiC
€)etDants3 ( Licenfen tip tfiem ) to take
l^ljeafantjs 0? paminge^tDitljintfteit oton
4^?omnij3i 01 precinct, fo tfjei^ tio it in t(je
tiap'time, ann onlp Ijettuiict Michaeimafs ano
phriftmafs.
T I T. 3if mxv pcif on of a mean connition
ftalf be conlJictcn lip fjtjs oiun Confelfion, oi
bp one OLlitnefjs upon ©atlj before ttuo o?
ino?e 2uftice!£$ of tlje Wtuty to ijaue killen
oiCalii^n anp Pfienfant o? 13at:tntin;elMitJ(
2)oo:05JI5ef^,o? €nmt^M fijall lip tlje faiti
3;Uftice£J be Committeti to p^ifon untljout
'Bail, unlef0 be pap to tbe tife of tbe \Ssqi
\ni]ztz tbe ©ffence toa^ committed 20 s. foj
tutp l^bcafant 01 l^acttribge fo killeti o|
taken: ^nb alfo become bounli before one
o?mo^e luff Ice of Peace in a Kecognifance
pf 20 1. mut to offenb in tbe (ike kinbea--
gaim ' > .
IV. Cbetp Conffable 01 l^eabboiougfi
( upon ailartant unber tfte banb of tuio
jmitz^ of ipeace ) batb pobaee to featcf)
t&e i^oufess of petfon^ fufpecteb to babe
mv%ttt\m"'DoQ^ 01 mm fon6et|}eta=
kim of P6eafaitt0,o? partrmgesj i ann tbe
Dort^ 01 Bmmtt fottttH to Itill ant cut
in pieces at meafure^ajsi tWngjs fo^fciteD un--
totf)efaHȣ)fficeti5*
V. ii)e tf)at ftall U punif^ti tjp tjettue
of t6i0 act, fliall not be pumftieti aptn Jn?
uertucof ani? otljet JLato foi tfie fame m
fence*
The
'' ■■'■':■ :"*--ri r'uT. ijinsZi,
'- ♦»^^/*T'te^
THE
GEKTLE MAN'S
Recreation :
Containing
DIRECT RULES
FOR THAT
!h(ohle and Delightful
ARTOF
ANGLING:
Wliereimto is annexed
An Abftradt of all fuch Statute
or penal Laws relating to that Curious
Art.
The Fourth Tart,
LONDON,
Printed by ^f: C. fbr A^C
<l
OF
FISHING
The IntroduBion.
l^-^j N G L I N G is an excellent Ait,
which as it pleads great Anti-
quity, fb the knov; ledge thereof
is with much difficulty to be ob-
tained: and indeed it bears fonie
fimilitude to Poetry in this, that
as it is faid, Focta. nafcitur^ non
fit^ fo ought the Pifcator or Fifli-
:r-man to have a natural inclination unto the Art of
\ngling, or his knowledge therein will be always
iull and imperfeclj not but that it may be much
leightncd by pradtice and experience.
Now he that intends to be his Crafts-mafter in this
larmlefs Paftime or Recreation, rauft not onely dili-
gently fenrch and enquire into the niyfteries and depths
5f this Art, but muft alfo be furni/lied, as atorclaid,
A'ith anatur^al propenllty thereunto, attended with
hlope and Patience : And having gotten by obferva-
■ionand paclice a competent knowledge, or having
G .. conquer-
2 s:^e 5!ntrot)uctton.
conquer'd the difficulties of Angling, it will then not
onely prove pleafant, but profitable, and be like Ver-
tue, a Reward to it felf.
Now that I may farther commend this ingenious
profeflion, be pleafed to take notice of the Antiquity
thereof^ feme faying it is as ancient as Deucalion's
Flood, Some attribute it to the invention of one Be-
huy the firft Author of vertuous Recreations. Others
fay that Seth left the knowledge of Angling to his
polterity ingravcn on brazen Pillars with the firft Ru-
diments of the Mathematicks, and other ufeful Arts ^
by which means they were prefcrved from perifhing
in the univerfal Deluge.
Divers are the opinions of men concerning the An-
tiquity of this Art: letitfuffice, that certainly it is
older than Chrill's Incarnation , for both foh and the
Prophet Amos m^ike mention of Fifli-hooks, and con-
fequently there raufl be Anglers then in thofe days
The next thing that ofers it fdf in the commen-
dation of this Art, is the benefit of Contemplation,
-which is acquired hereby ^ which is a thing faccor-
dingto the opinion of fome learned Cloifter'd men)
to be preferred before Aftion, becaufe fay they)
it makes us mortr.ls the nearer to come to the Crea-
tor by wny of imitation ^ for he is all Contemplation
of his own infiaite Power Goodncis, d"c.
But waving this, I cannot let flip the exprefllon of
an ingenious Forreiner, who faid, That Ri-vers and the*
Jrihabita-nts of the watry Elcmem wne made for wife
men tocomem^late^ afid fools to fa^ by without confide-
r^tion. Modefty will not permit me to rank my
fel f in the number of the firft ^ and Ifliall endeavour
to clear my Icif from thefcandal ofthe laft, by giving
you a (horc account of Rivers and their watry Inha-
bitants.
1 niall fit ft difcourfe of Rivers : one whereof I have
read
Ci^e gintronuctian. 3
read of^fcituate in £p;Vw,which hath a flrange double
and concrarv property ^ the one is,that it will cxtin-
guifh any Torch that is lighted : and the other is, to
light a Torch never lighted before.
The River Silarm in a few hours will (as report
faithj convert a Rod into Stone. And 1 m felf
know a Lough in helayid^ that in fome years will
cGn\^rt Wood into Stone, of which are made the bell
Hor!.^, Cambden mnkcs mention of a Well near
Kerhy hi Cumberland^ that ebbs and flow^ feyeral times
every da v.
The fame Author makes mention of the River
Adole in Surrey,^ which, running ieveral miles under
ground,beingoppofed by Hil!s,at lafl; breaks out again
ib far off, thai the Inhabitants thereabout boall ras
the Spaniards of the River yima) that they htc. feve-
ral Flocks ofSheep on a green Bridge. There is fuch
another green Bridge in Wales^ the River running a
great way under ground, and there difemboguing it
felf into the Sea. Some thereabout report, that they
have put a living Goofe into the Kole where the Wa-
ter fal's,and flie hath fwum out at.the other end ^ but
with no Feathers on her back.
Mi'J' homoi May in his Hiftory of The Reign of King
Henry f/?f Sccow^, relates two ftrange things fromr/'i-
caldiu Cambrefjfis, of certain Wells in Ireland. His
Words are thcle :
yi Well there is in Munfter to hefeet?^ _
Within Vfhoje Waters whofoe're hath been
Once drench" d^his Hair fir eight takes an hoary dye,
Ji .other Fountain ofcjmte contrary
EjfeEi to that in Ulftcr Springs \ for there
Thofe that have waped once^ how old fee* re^
ShaH never after have a.)i hoary Hair,
G 3 Anothes
4 Cl^e %nttoMctmx,
Another thing, though againft Nature, yet for the
ftrangenefs of it 1 cannot choofe but relate, and that
is of a certain F.iver near Harwood in Bcdfordjioirey
■which 111 the year of our Loid 1399, (alii tie before
the Civil Wars between the Houfesof Tork^^nd Lan-
caster burlt iorthj ofafuddcn ftood ftil), and divi-
ded it felf alunder,fo that men might pafs three miles
togccher or foot down the midft of the Chjpnel,
leaving the Waters like a Wail behind them, f^^eed
in his Defcript. i)^<^/<?r^.
I fhall conclude with two of the ftrangefl Rivers
that ever were heard of. Thefirfl is a River called
EleHJlna^ which is fo merrily difpofed, (if you will
believe a man of no lefs Authority than y^rifiot I e)th^t
it will dance to a fiddle, bubling at the noife of Mu-
lick, and will grow very muddy ^ but as foon as the
JMuflck ceafeth, it reafeth its motion, returning to its
fc imer calmnefs and clearneis The other is as won-
derful, cind fif you will believe Jo/fp/^^/.f that learned
Jew) it is n River in Jnd^a^ which runs very fwiftly
all the fix days of the Week, but refteth on the Se-
venth, which is the Jewifli Sabbath.
And now a w«rd or two concerning Fjfh : Pliny
faith, That NatU! 's great and wonderful power is
aioredcmonftrated in the Sea than on the Land : and
this may appear by thofe numerous and various Crea-
tures which inhabit in and about that Element^ which
"Will appear more at large,ifvou will read their Hifto-
ly written either h-^ Kohdclcttm^ Gcfiier^ JohnftontM, or
^Idrovandm. The number and the various fliapes of
thife Fillies are not more Urange, than their dillerent
Natuies, Inclinations and A-ftions. Give me leave to
Ipeak a iittle hereof.
There is a Fifh cal^d the Cntth-flflj^ which will
caftalong Gut out of her Throat, with which (he an-
gles: For lyini; obfcurejy in the Mud, fhe permits
fmall
Cfte gitttvoDuction* s
fmall Fifli to nibble at it, and by that means draws
them near her by little and little, till coming withm
her reach, fhe leaps upon them and devours them :
hence (he is called the 5e^->^«^/f»'.
The Bermit isaFilhthat wlien fhe grows old will
feek out a dead Fini'siliell, fit for her purpofe and
there dwell lecluded from all company, Itudying no-
thing more than how to defend herfelf againftthe
iniuriesofWind and Weather.
The S^r^Hs is a FiOi fo lafcivious, (as DH-Bartas
exprefleth it rarely well; that when he cannot hnd
change of Mates enough in the Sea, he will get afhore
and Cuckold a Goat.
Goes courting ShcGoats on thegraffy Shore,
Horning their Husbands that had Horns before.
Whereas it is reported that the Mullet is To chaft, that
when fhe is deprived of her Mate, fhe will follow him
to the fhore and dye. , c r }^ r,i
Ther..p.^.. or Cramrfih '^ ^^^^.^^ ^? ^''^"'^"^
and poyfonous a nature, that all other Fifh that conie
within her reach are immediately ftupificd and with-
out motion, fo that they eafilv become her prev-nay,
fhe will (b fuddenly convey her Poy Ion up the Rod and
Line of the Angler, when fhe feels her ielf entangled,
that his Hands and Arms immediately lofing their
ftren2th,become nummed and lenfelefs.
The 5r.%;;^r^ hath as rare and ftrangeawayof
defending her felf fromthe Anglers fubtilty, as any
Fini whatever, if we may credit the relation of I)«-
Bartoiy whofe words are thefe :
G 5 ^'^^
6 ci^e gitttroDuctton.
But if the Scolopcndra havefticktin
The foyer e-fweet morfelwith the barbed pin.
She hath as rare a Trtckjo rid her from it ^
For in(l ant ly file all her Guts will vomit ^
• jlnd having clear'' d them from the danger^ then
She fair andjoftly fups them in agaiu^
So that riot one of them within her Womb
Changeth his Office or his wonted room.
The Remora is a Fifh of foftrange and fecret a pro-
perty (and for that reafon is often ufed for a Meta-
phor) that as the fame Du-Bartas faith.
Let all the Winds in one Wind gather them.
And (fecondedwith Neptune'j (Irongeft fir earn)
Let all at once blow all their sltjfefi gales,
Aflern a Galley under all her jails ^
Let her be holpen with an hundred Oars\
Each lively handled by five lufiy Rowers ^
The Remora fixing her feeble Horn
Into the Temfesi-beaten f^ejjels Stern^
Stays her Stone-fit 11.
In the year of our Lord i iSo, near Orford in Suf^
folk:, there was a Fifii taken in theperfed fli/ipeof a
Man j he was kept by Bartholomew de Glanvtle in
the Caftle of Orford above halfa year ^ but at length,
not being carefully looked to, he Hole to the Sea,
and was never feen after. He never fpake^ but
would eat any Meat tnatwas given him, elp^cially
raw Filh, when he had fqueezcd out the juice : He was
often had to Church, but never fiiewed any iign of
Adoration.
Let what is already fpoken of FiOi fnffice, fince it
,«vijl not onely be inipcitin^nt to enjjjrge farther, but
impof-
Cl&e gintroDuction. t
impoflible here to give an account of the natures of
nil Fifh ; 1 Ihall therefore refer you to fuch Authors
who have made it their bufinefs to write large Vo-
lumes.
Before I put an end to this Introdudion, permit
me to infert fomethiog in the praife of Fijljermm and
Fijlnng.
jijbort E?7Co?mu?n > or fomewhat in Praife of
Fiflicr-nien mid Fifliing-
T is very remarkable , that amongfl the Twelve
HolyApollIes there were four of them Filher men,
whom our Saviour elected and infpircdro preach the
Gofpel. And the realon that fome give for this
choice is , that he knew and found the hearts of inch
men natnrally more fitted for Contemplation and
quietnefs, having Spirits mild, fweet , and peace-
able.
Befides , our Saviour feems to have a more than
common refpei1:for their Ocupation,fcr two reafons.
Firft, He never reproved theie for their profefiion,a3
»he did others, viz^, the Scribes and Trloney-changers.
Next, He dignified thefe p^or Fifher-rnen with the
priority of Nomination in the Catalogue of his
Twelve Apoltles. Nay, that which is moreoblerva-
ble is this, that our Saviour took only three of thefe
Fifher-men with him when he afccnded the Mount
to bear him company at his Transfiguration.
Now as to the liwfclnefs of Fifhing , 1 think none
canfpeak againilit, fince our Saviour himfelf com-
manded St. Peter to fi fli to pay dcfar his Tribute.
And as the Aacients have highly applauded and ap-
proved
s ci^e gintrotiuctiom
proved of this ingenious Exercife , feveral of the He-
ro's of old, in the height of their glory, having exer-
cifed ^herald ves herein ; fo feveral of our eminent
]ate Divines have done the like •, as Dr. Whitakerjlear-
ned Perkins^ Dr. Now el Dean of St. Pmls Londony
and the incomparable Sir Henry Wotton Provoft of
Eaton Colledge, who was a great lover of Angling,
and would frequently fay thereof, that it was after
his Study a Reft to his mind, a chearer to his Spirits ,
adivcrtcrof fadnefs, a Calmer of unquiet thoughts,
a Moderator of Palfions, a procurer of Contented-
ncfs i and that it begot habits of Peace and Patience
in thofe that profefj and practice it. And thus I
conclude the praife of Anglings though much more
might be fpoke thereof.
Horn to Improve Fil^J-ponds , and the Fijb
therein contained^
"!> Efore T fhall lay down fuch Obfervations and In-
i^ ftrudions, v;hich with much pains and colt I
have colleclf d, to render a Fifhcr.man compleat in
that delightful Exercife of taking Fifh .• I fiiall give
an account oi. Ponds, and how they may in thebeft
manner be improved.
Imprimis. ConfTder the fcituation of your Pond ,
and the nature cf thofe Currents which run into it.
In the next place, obferve whether it be a Breeder, or
Bot i if it be a Breeder, Experience will inftrufl you
never to cxpedt any large C?r/>; from fuch Ponds ,
for the f^^reatnefs of the niuT|bcr of the Spawn will
over flock the Pond ^ therefore for large Carp a
Store-pond is ever accounted bcft.
Now to make a Breeding-pond become a Store-
pond , when you cannot make a Store-pond become
a Breeding- pond, thus you mcfl do. When you fue
your Pond, conlider what quantity of Carps it will
maintain- then put in all Milters, or all Spawners,
by which means in a little time you will have Carps
that are both large and fat beyond your expectation,
Bv puting in but one Sex of them, there is an impolli-
bility ofencrealing of them ;, but of the Roach it will
notwithftanding multiply abundantly.- Therefore it
is needful, and altogether neccllary for fuch who keep
Breeding-ponds, to fue them once in three years, fot
fear of the encreafe cf Reaches, though none wete
ever put in, which may fccm very ftrange,. if th^e
truth thereof couici not be made manifelt ; as thus :
there are feveral Ponds frequented by Wiid-ducks,
which ufually come at nights to feed with the Tame
ones there abiding : Now thofe Wild-ducks bring
thefe Roaches with them, for their feeding amongft
weeds in Rivers.
Befides the Spavv'n o[ Roaches will hang about their
Feet and Feathers, which is wafhed o'f by the water
of thofe Ponds they are accuftomed to haunt ; by
wiiich means in a few vears they become fo numerous
though you your felf did not put one into the Breed-
ing pond -^ for which caufe you find your Carps ib
lean, andalmoft hunger ftarved.
By the way, give ms leave to infert this true flory,
A Gentleman not far from the City oi Lofido?]^ h7d
a large pond of about four Acres of ground ^ a Gen-
tleman (tanding by at the fuing thereof , and feeing
not only a great quantity of Filh, but the bell grovvu
that ever hefaw, he advifed him to put intvvoor
three hundred of ftores of Gir/), about three or four
years growth, out of a pond that was overftccked,
and to put Sixty of thofe he had taken out^ which
ac-
lo £)f f taking
accordingly he faw done,fancying to fee ftately Carp
at the next fuing.
After the expiration of four years, this • .entleman
was advifed to fue his Pond, to fee what Monfters four
years addition to their growth would produce ^ for
thofe fixty Carp were from Eye to Fork from fifteen
Inches to eighteen Inches when he put them in •* now
having fued his Pond , he found almoft the whole
number of his Carp ^but they were in fuch a lean con-
dition , that he did not know them \ for they were
Monfters in Nature their heads being bigger than
their whole bodies , and almoft as heavy and this
happened it feemsby hisownfollv^by putting in but
twenty Roaches •, and when the Pond was fued there
were bufhelsof imall^o-iic^f.f, and thefe Roaches t^t
up all the fweet feed from the Carp ^ for Roaches are
like flicep to great Cattle, which eat up and devour all
the fweet feed, and what affords the greateft nutri-
ment* This Gentleman was very much fruffrated of
hisexpeftation-, and the Fiflvmonger which came
from London to buy a penny-worth as foon as he per-
ceived the Monfters, he mounted his Horfe, and rid
as if the Devil drove him, not fo much as bidding the
Gentleman farewel Here is to be noted, that Ponds
which will not breed one Car^ •, Roaches in one year
will multiply by thoufands ^ therefore you muft be
careful every year to view your Pond, and obferve if
any fuch fry appears, left whea you come to fue your
Pond, you be deceived in your expectation.
Horn te make CarpsjfjroH? to an extraordinary
bignefs in a Pond,
PErceiving about t\\Q month ofJpril that your pond
begins to grow low in VVater,then with an Iron-
Rake
Rake, rake all the fides of your pond where the wa-
ter is fallen away ^ then low fome Hay-feeds , and
rake it well ^ by this means at the later end of Sum-
mer there will be a great growth of Grafs ^ which
when winter comes , and the pond being raifed by
Rain to the Top , will overflow all that c rafs^ and
then the Carps having water to carry them to the
feed , will fill themfelves, and in a fhort time become
as fat as Hogs that are kept up for that purpofe : Do
this every Summer till you fue your Pond, and you
willfindnoRiver-C^r^Jtofurpafs them either infat-
nefs or fweetnefs.
General Ohfervations to be underjiood iy cdl
fucb ivbo deji/e to attain to the compleat
and per\eU ^rt of A ngllng.
BY no means fifh in light and dazling Apparel
but let your Cloathing be of a dark dusky co-
lour.
Wherefoevcr you ufe to angle ( for the Angler
hath his peculiar haunt j call in once in four or five
days Corn boiled foft ^ if for Carf and T(f«c^,oftner :
alio you may call in Garbage, Livers of Beafls,
Worms chopt in pieces , or C?rains Iteeped in Blood
and dried. This will attract the Fifli unto the place :
and to keep them together, as you fifh, throw in
half a handful of Grains of ground A ait. This muft
be done in ftiil water ; but in a Stream you muft
cafl your Grains above \ our Hook,snd not about it^
for as they float frcm your Hook , io will they draw
? he Fifh after them.
li
12 €>i ff^inix-
If you will bait a Streamjgctfome Tin-boxes made
full of holes no bigger than jult lie for a Worm to
creep through ^ then fill thefe Boxes with them , and
having faftned a Plummet to fink them,cafl: them in-
to the Stream with a ftring fafcned thereto, that you
may draw them forth when you pleafe, by the fmal-
nefs of the holes aforefaid , the Worms can crawl
out but very leafurejy, and as they crawl theFifh will
refort about them.
If you would bait for Salmoriy Trout^ Vmher and the
like, in a Stream, then take fome blood , and there-
with incorporate fine Clay, Barley, and Malt ground
adding thereto fome Water j make all in a Pafte with
Gum of Ivy ♦, then form it into Cakes, and call: them
into the ftream* Some will knead or flick Worms
therein fait by the head If you find your bait take
iioeffedintheattra(fl;ing of theFifh, you may then
concXn^Q iomQ Pike ox Pear ch lurketh thereabout to
feize his Prey, for fear of which the Fifh dare not
■venture thereabout : you mull therefore remove thefe
obftruflions of your fport,bv taking your Trowl^and
let your Bait be either Brandlings or Lob-worms ^ or
you may ufe Gentles or Minows, which they will
greedily fnnp at.
Keep your Rod neither to dry nor to moift, left
f.he one make it brittle, and the other rotten. If it be
^ery foultry dry Weather, wet your Rod a little be-
fore you Angle .• and having llruck a good Fi(h,kcep
your Rod benr, and that will hinder him from run-
jaing to the end of the Line, l)y which means he wUl
cither break his hold or the Hook.
If you would know what Bait the Fifli loves belt
at the time of your fifliing, having taken one, flit
his Gill , and take out his Stomach, and open it
without bruifing, and there you will find what he
bfl: fed on and had a fmcy to ^ by which means you
may bait your Hoo ; according' /. When
M tJftfttttg. i^
When youfilh, Ihelter your felf under fbmeBufh
or Tree, or ftand fo far from the brink of the River
that you can only difcern your Float : for Fifh are
timorous, and are affrighted at the leaft II ^ht or mo-
tion. The beft way of Angling with "the Fly is
down the River, and not up, as you will find by ex-
perience.
You never need make above half a dozen trials in
one place, either with Fly or Ground-bait, when you
angle for Troitt ; for by that time he will either offer
to take, or refufe the Bait, and not ftir at all.
If you will have Fifli bite eagerly and freely, and
without fufpition, you muff prefent them with fuch
Baits as naturally they are inclined to, annd in fuch
manner ar they are accuftomed to receive them.
If you ufe Paftes for Baits, you muff: add FJax or
Wool, mix a little Butter therewith and that will
prefer ve the Pafl:eTrom waffling off'your Hook.
The Eyes of fuch Fiffies as you kili, are moff; excel-
lent Baits on the Hook for almofl:any fort of fiffi.
Laffly, make not this or any other Recreation your
dayly pracftice, left your immoderate Exercife therein
bring a Plague upon you rather than a pleafure.
j^firolooical Lleclmisfor An^lmg
tn oeneraL
F as the Wife man faith, (and I think there is none
that darequeftion his Authority j that There is a
proper time ar:d feafon for every aU:i en under the Sun^
I hope it wi!J not be offenfivc nor impertinent to fiiow
what time and fcafons the intelligent Angler ought
to make choice of, tbst may anfwcr his expcdation.
For my own part, I have fo often experimented the
truth of thele Rules, that by my lood will I would
never
14 €>f jfiffimg.
never Angle but at an elected time .• the ingenious
will not defpife them, and for others they were not
intended : And they are thefe ;
JfyoH would Neptune 'j fcaly SuhjeSis get.
Nights horned Queen in the Midheaven fet : ])
Thence let heron the Pdph Htl GoddeJ^ jl)ine §
Ith^ Wefi^ and greet her with a friendly Trine.
Be Jure you always fortify the Eafry
jind let the Maiden-Star pefj'ef the Wefi : Til
However letfome A^natick^Stgn afcendy S. n;^. K,
jind let all power his happy Lord attends
Then fee thefctting Con(tellation be
jiffli^ ed by fome hateful Enemy., cf
jit leafh his Lord ., the fixth with firength defend y
Let a^ive power his Radiant Lord attend.
Then may you boldly venture to the Flood j
j4nd take from thence what Fifhes you fee good.
What provifion is to be made for Ang-
ling-Tools..
TH E time of providing Stocks is in the Winter-
Solfticcjwhen the Trees have fncd their Leaves,
and the Sap is in the Roots : For after January it
afcends again into the Trunk and Branches, at whifh
time it is improper to gather Stocks or Tops.
Let your Stocks be taper-grown,and your Tops the
beft Rufh-ground-fhoots you can get, not knotty, but
proportionable aud flender ^ othcrwife they will nei-
ther caft nor Itrike well, and by reafon of their un-
pliablenefs your Line will be much endanger'd.
Having gathered your Stocks and Tops all in one lea-
fon.
and as llraight as you can, bathe them, faving
Tops, over a gentle fire, and ufe them not till
reafoned, till about a year and four months : they
)etter if kept two years.
jw to preferve thefeStocksor Tops from rotting,
.■orm-eating,rub them over thrice a year with Sal-
r Linfeed-oyl •, fweet Butter will iervr, if never
.ed^ and with any of tiiefe\cu miiit ch^fe well
jur Rods : if bored, pour in either of the Oyls, and
„'t them bathe therein twenty foui" hours, then pour
i: out again •, and this will preferve you: Tops and
itocks fi'ora injury
How to joynthe Stock or Top together, or how
o make all forts of Rods foi: Fly, Ground, or other-
vife, with what lengths are belt for feveral foits of
'ilhing, I need not here relate ^ fince without putting
?our felf to the trouble, you may purchafe them of
iich as fell theiii at no dear rate^.
How to maJ^ a Line after the he(i mmh^y..
LET your Hair be round, and twill it evcn/or dia'c
ftrengthens rhe Line \ and let your Hair,as near
•, you can, be of an equal bignefs : then lay them in
Vater for a quarter or an hour, by which mtans you
ill find which of the Hairs do fhrii^k , thantwift
lem over again.
Some intermingle Si'k in thetwifling, but I cannot
'pVove of it \ bur a Line ofall Silk is not aniils -, at-
a Line made of the frnjilleft Lute-firing is very good.
It that it will foon rot by the Water.
The belt colour for Lines is th.c forrel, w;hite, and
ey -^ the two jalt for clear waters, and rhe giey for
nddy Rivers: neither is th? p.Tie wairy green to
I contemned^ which colour you msy make after rlii:-,
lanner. H ' Take
1 6 ^©{ffftfng.
Take a pint of ftrongAle, halfa pound of Soot,
a fmall quantity of the juice of WalnutJeaves, with
the like quantity of Alum *, put thefe into a Pipkin,
and boil them together about half an hour : Having
fodone, take it offthe fire, and when it is cold put in
your Hair. Or thus:
Take a pottle of Alum-water, fomewhat more
than a handful of Marigold-flowers, boil them till
a yellow fcum arifc ^ then take halfa pound of green
Copperas, with as much Verdegreece, and beat them
together to a fine powder : put thefe with the Hair
into the Alum- Water,and let it lie ten hours or more j
then take the Hair out, and let it dry.
In the making your Line leave a Bought at both
ends, the one to put it to and take it from the Rod,
the other to hang your loweft link upon to which
your Hook is faftned •, and fo you may change your
Hook as often as you pleafc.
Ofibe Hook, Flote, and other things
worth the Objervation.
YOur Hook ought to be long in the fhank, fome-
what round in its circumference, the point {ban-
ding even and ftraight \ and let the bending be in the
Ibank.
Ufe ftrong,but fmall Silk, in the fetting on of your
Hook, laying the Hair en the infide of your Hook:
for if it be on the outfide, the Silk will fret and cuf it
afunder.
As for the Flotes, there are divers way of making
them: Some ufe yotir ^-w/ctft^-Duck-quills, which
arethebeit for ftill Waters ; but for ftrong ftreams
rake good found Cork without fiaws or holes, and
bore it through with a hot Iron; then put into it a
QuiH
Quill of a fit proportion ^ then pare your Cork into a
Pyramidal form of what bignels you think fit j after
this grind it fmooth.
To plum your Ground, you mult carry with you
a Mufquet bullet with a hole made through it, or any
other lort of Plummet, tying this to a ftrong twift,
hang it on your Hook, and fo you will find the depth
of the Water.
And that you may not incommode your Tackle, it
will be very reqailite to make feveral partitions in
pieces of Parchment fowed together, by which each
Utenfil may have a place by it felf.
In any wife forget not to carry a little Whetftone
with you to iharpen your Hooks if you find them
blunt and dull.
I need not advife you how to carry your BOB and
PALMER, or put you in mind of having feveral
Boxes of divers fizes for your Hooks, Corks, Silk,
Thread, Lead, Flics, &c. or admonilh you not to for-
get your Linnen and Wollen Bags for all forts of
Baits ; but let me forwarn you not to have a P AUN-
DER that is heavy, for it can never be light enough :
thofe which are made of Ofiers 1 think arc the belt.
Laltly, forget not carry with you a fmail Pole
with a Loop at the end thereof, to which you may
fallen a fmall Net to land great Fife withal.
There is another way much better, and thftt is br
the Landing-hook, which hath a Screw at the end
of it to icrew it into the Socket of a Pole .• to which
Socket maybe fitted aifo two other Hooks,the one to
pull out Wood, and the other Iharp to cut away
Weeds.
H J Of
1 8 jSDf fiftins.
' Of Flies Natural a?id Artificial^ and hoip
to fife them.
'^ IfJriiral Flies afe inniim€rable,there being asma-
t ^ ny kinds as there are different forts ofFiuits .- to
avoid prolixity, I fliall onely name fome of them,i^/;^
the Dm-fly^ the Stone or May-fly^ the Red Fly^ the
Moor-fly^ the Tavony-fly^ the Shel-fly^ the Cloudy or
Blacki(l]-fly^thG Flag-fly, the yine-fly ^ ^IfoCaterpillers,
Car^l\er-flies^ and Bear-flies^ with Tfhoufands more
which frequent Meadows and Rivers, for the con-
templation of all, but particularly the recreation of
Anglers.
Thefe.come in fooner or later, according to the
feafon of the year, that is, fooner, or later according
tothcforwardnefs or backwardnels of the Spring ^
for Flies being bred of PutrefaLlion, commence their
being according as the Heat doth further their feminal
vertue unto animation
I cannot prcfcribe you Rules to know when each
Fly comcth in, and is moft grateful to every fort of
Fifli ^ and therefore 1 fhall leave the knowledge hereof
to your own obfervation. ^
Moreover, there arefeveraJ forts of Flies according
TO the feveral natures of divers Soils and Rivers, or
diverfityof Plants^ yet fome there are common to
all, although but few.
AU Flies arc very , good in their fcafons forfuch
Ftfli as rife at the FJy •, but tome more peculiarly
good,as being better beloved by fome fort of llfti.
Filh generally rife at thcfe Flics moft eagerly when
mofb forts of Flies refort to the Water-fide, hang-
ing in a manner in clufters on Trees ani Bufhcs,
delighting themfelves to skip thence and play upon
the
0f f (ftino;. 19
the water; and then do the fifli fliew their craft in
catching them.
To the intent you may the better know what kind
ofFly the Fifii then moft covet, obfcrve thus to do j
coming in the Morning to the River-fide, beat the
Bufhes with your Rod, and take up what variety you
may of all forts of Flics, and try them all ^ by which
means ^oii will quickly know which arc ingrcateil
eftimation among them. Not but that they will
change their Fly fometimes, but then it is when they
have glutted themfelvcs therewith for five or fix days
together, which is commonly upon the going out of
that Fly : for Fifli never covet that Fly more than
.when there is greatelt plenty, contemning them at
their firft coming in.
There are two ways to fi(h with thefe natural Flies ;
either on the furface of the water, or a little under-
neath it. Now when you angle for Chevin^ Roach^
or Dace with the natural Fly, move it not fwiftly when
you fee the Fifli make at it, but rather let it glide
fpontaneoufly towards it with the Stream : If it be in
a flili and flow water, draw the Fly llowly fideways
by him, that will make him eager in purfuit ofitj
whereas if you fhould move it fwiftly, they will not
follow it,bcing a lazv fifh and flow of motion. Thefe
fifii delight to Ihevv themfelves in a Sun-fiiiny-day al-
moft on the very furface of the Water, by which
mqans 50U may pick and choofe.
The Jrtiflcia-l Fly is feldome ufedbut in bluflering
weather, when by the V/inds the Waters are fo trou-
bled, that the Natural Fly cannot be feen, nor refi:
upon them.
There are (according to the opinion of Wiv.Wd-
fo«,a very ingenious man, and an excellent Angler)
twelve forts of Artificial Flies to angle with on the
top of the Water, of which thefe are the principal.
H ^ Thi
20 e>f ^ifbitii^
Tfaefirllis (to ufe his own words) the Dm-fyy
mMarchy made of dua Wool, and the Feathers of
a Partridge's Wing.
The lecond is a Dun-fly too^ and made of black
Wool, and the Feathers of a black Drake ; the Body
made of the firft^and the Wings of the latter.
The third is the Stone-fly, in ^ril ; the Body is
made of black Wool made yellow under the Wings
and Tail*
The fourth is the Ruddy-fly^ in the beginning of
May y the Body being made or red Wool, and bound
about with black Silk, with the Feathers of a red Ca-
pon, which hang dangling on his lides next his Tail.
The fifth is the Telhrv or Greenifh Fly^ in June ;
the Body is made of black Wool, with a yellow Lift
on either fide,3nd the Wings taken ofFthe Wings of a
Bnzzardj bound with black braked Hemp*
The fixth is the Moortjh-fly ^ the Body made of duf-
kifhWool, and the Wings made of the blackilh Mail
of the Drake.
The fcventh is the Tawny- fly, good until the middle
of June '^ the Body madeoftawni^ Wool, the Wings
mzdQ contrary one againft another, of the whitilh
iVlail of the white Drake.
The eighth is the Waip-fiy^ in July ^ the Body made
of black 'Wool lapt about with yellow Silk, the
\^^ings made of Drake- featlrers.
The ninth i*; the Shel-flyy good in the middle of 7«-
ly % the Body made of grcenifli Wool lapt about wirh
the Herle of a Peacock's Tail, and the Wings made
of Buzzards Wings.
The tenth and laft is the Dra\e-fly,good in jlugufl -,
the Body made of black Wool lapt about with black
Silk, his Wings of the Mail of the bbck Drake with
2 black head.
And then having named two more, he concludes wit-
tily.
tily, fhmhaveycHa7'iryofms, likely tc ktr^^n'^
This in my opinion feems a tedious anaaimcmc
wav I &oJd rather think itfe««':«fi\^*fJly
^roV fo^ «very feafon, «"d that ^hich the Fft^^^^^^
that time mott eagerly covet, and make °™ ^s ' F i'
as Dofliblv vou may, in colour, (liape.and proportion ,
and for your better imitation lay the natural Fly be -
^°Th°ere are feveral ways ofmakingthefe artificial
F.ies which 1 (hall forbear here to relate, thinking it
more proper to leave it to the ingenuity of every par-
dcular perfon, which will bevery muchhelp'd by
feeing and obfervingtheArtift's method in theu com.
^°m"beft Obfervations I can coUeft for artificial
''^5S£Ve'tf4inaRiverfomewh«dm^^^^^^^^
rftin/iSSeEaftisftarUnaugh^^^
i-AT^-o'irhiStrpurycoifvfniry
gufd;y'ourSe,tLy will rife mplainDceps^^^^^^^^
irihillkilUhebeftFini: but if heWindbef^^^^^^^
then is the beft angling mfwiftSti earns i and be
can whether you fithwithaFly or Worm; andfim
rvJnthfs^eU havingtheSunonyourback, n^
fufferins your Lne to touch the Water but your iy
oneW Here note, that the light Fly make' »oft fporc
?na lark night, and the darkeft or leaft Fly in a clear
day. jj ThMtjli
TTj^V^/y, In dear Rivers ever Angle with a fmall
Ny with flender Wings ; but in fuch as are muddied
by Ram, ufe a Fly rhat is larger bodied than ordinary.
Fourthly^ When the water beginneth to clear after
Ram, and becomes brownifh, then ufe a Red orO-
rangeFiy^ if the day be clear, alight-coloured Fly
and a dark Fly for dark Waters ^ if the Water be of a
Wheyifli complexion, then ufe a black or brown Fly
I wiJI not lay thefe Direftions or Rules are without
exceptions.
Fifthly, Let vour Line for Fly-ffhing be twice as
long as your Rod, unlels the River be cumbred with
Wood.
_ Sixthly, For every fort of Fly, have feveral of the
iame differing in colour, to fute with the different
complexions of feveral waters and weathers,
Sevemhly, You mult have a nimble eye, and an a-
(flive hand toflrike prefenily with the rifingofthefifli,
or elfe he will be apt to fpew out the Hook, finding
hismiftake. ^
Et^hthly^htt your Fly fall firft into the Water ^ for
if your Lme fall firfi:, it fcares the fifli, and therefore
you mull draw agai n and caft.
Ninthly^ When you angle in How Rivers orflill
places with your Artificial Fly, caft it overcrofs the
River, and let it Cnk a little in the water, and draw it
gently back again,fo as you raife no ( ircles,nor break
the Water ; and let the Fly float gently with theCur-
lent, and hereby you will find excellent fport. -'<
Lafily^ Take notice that your Salmon- tlies muft be
made with their Wings flanding one behind the o- n
ther,whether twoorfour, He delights in the finefb
gawdicft colours you can choore,in the Wings chiefly,
which muft be Jong, and fo muft the Taii.
.^«-' • Of
£)f fifttnis. n
of Ground Aii^lt\^.
IF you fifh under the Water for a Trout ^ it muft be
without a F]oat,one]y with a Plumb of Lead, or n
Bullet, which is better, becaufe it will fowl on the
ground. And this way of fifhing is very good in
cold weather,when the Fifh fwini very low : you muft
place this Bullet about nine Inches from the baited
Hook •, your Top muft be very gentle,that the Filh may
more eafily run a way with the Bait, and not be
feared with the ftifnefs of the Rod. You muft not
ftrike as foon as you feel the Fifh bite, but flack your
Line a littlcthat he may the better fwallow the Bait
and Hook. When you ftrike do it gently,for the Icaft
matter does it.
Let your Tackle be fine and flendcr, for that is bet-
ter than your big and ftrong Lines, which ferveonely
to fright the Filli. .
You will find it a better way of Angling to do it
without Float or Lead, onely makingufeof a Gar-
den-worm, drawing it up and down the Stream \
by which you will take more Trouu than any other
way, efpecially if it be in a clear day. The Morning
and Evening are the chiefeft feafons for the Ground-
Line for TroHf. but if the day prove Cloudy , or
the Water muddy, you may Angle at Ground all the
day.
0/
24 J©f fiftwg
of Night-Angling,
GReat Filh (efpecially Trouts) are like Bucks ,
wary and circumfped in their felf-prefervation,
and know the feafons moft fit for them to feed with-
out danger j and that is the Night, as they fuppofe,
thinking then they may moft fecurely range abroad.
In your Night-angling take two great Garden-
worms of an equal length, and place them on your
Hook ^ then caft them a good diitance,and draw them
to you again upon the fuperficies of the Water, not
fuffering them to fink-, to which end you muft not
ufe a Plummet. You may cafily hear the Fifh rife, and
therefore give him feme time to fwallow your Bait,
then ftrike him gently. Ifhe will not take it at the
top, fink your Bait by adding fome Lead, and order
your felf as at Day-angling on the Ground.
I have frequently experienced it,that the beft Tronts
bite in the Night, rifing moft commonly in the ftill
Deeps,but unuiually in the Streams.
Inftead of thefe Garden- worms you may ufe a black
Snail, or a piece of Velvet in its likenefs .• this is a
moft excellent Night-bait for aTVewt, and nothing
like the black Snail for a Chih in the Morning early.
You may bait your Hook with a Mimow for a
Trout thus : put your Hook through the point of his
lower Chap, and draw it througli ^ then put your
Hook in at his Mouth,and bring the point to his Tail^
then draw your Line ftraight, and it will bring him
into a round compafs : But befure you fo order his
Mouth that the Water get not in.
What
I
I iDt jffftins- 25
Vhat times are fecifonable , and rvhat uvfea^
fonable to Jvgle in,
CAlm and clear weather is very good to angle in •,
bnt cool cloudy weather in Summer is belt ^ but
it muft not be fo boifteroully windy as that you can-
not guide your Tackle, The cooler the weather is in
hotteft Months, the better it is : and if a iudden vio-
rent (hour hath diftur bed and muddied the River, then
is your time to angle in the Stream at th,e ground
with a red Worm. . ^.n r • ^a
Likewife a little before the Fifh fpawn is a very good
time for Angling-, for then their Bellies being iul,
they come into fandy Fords, and there rub their Bel-
lies to loofen them, at which time they will bite very
freelv
If you intend to fifli for Cay^ and Tench, you mufl
commence your fport early in the Morning, filhing
from Sun-rifing till eight of the Clock, and from four
in the Afternoon till Nighty and in hot Months tiU
it be very late. ,,, ^ , _, ^^
In the heat of Summer G«yp; will fhew themfelves
on the very Rim of the water •, at which time, ir you
fifhwithaLob-worm as you do with a Fly natural,
you will have excellent fport, efpecially if it be among
^In March, Afr'tU September, and all the Winter, ( in
which feafon Fiflifwimdeep very near the Ground)
I fav,in thofe Months it is beft filing in a clear fercne
warm day,for then they bitefafteft : But all the Sum.
mer-trme Mornings, Evenings, and cool cloudy wea-
ther are the beft times for Angling. .,. ^ j .u ^
Here note, that by experience you will find that
Filb rife beft at the Fly after a ftour of Ram that hath
onely
26 €>t f iftfng.
onely beaten the Gnats and Flies into the River with,
out muddying them. The proper Moneths and times
oftheday fortheFlv, are March, Jprtl^ May. and
the beginning oijHne-^ in which Months Jet vour
times be in the Morning about nine, .and between
three and four in the Afternoon. A warm Evening
is very feafonable, ifthe Gnats play much,
_ After a clear Moon fhiny-night, if the day fuccee-
dmg prove cloudy, it is a very good time for Anehn^ •
for, having abftained from food all the night, (kjr
they will not ftir for fear in bright nights j the next
day they become hungry and eagcr,and the glcomi-
, nefs of the day m:ikes them bite boldly.
At the opening of Sluces or Mill-dams go along
withthecou. e of the water, and you will find Tm^^
and other fifli will then come out to feek for what
food the water brings dov n with it.
Having Ihewn you what feafons are molt proper and
profitable to Angle in, I will demonftrate to you fuch
as are not.
.^ And F/r/Jn the extremit / of Heat,when the Earth
.IS parched with Drouudit, there is littl-e fport to be
obtained ,efpecially in muddy or clear fliallow Rivcks.
Secondlyy In the Winter or Spring-time, when
there bappeneth any hoary Frofl:,then will not the fiai
Wte kindly all that day, unlefs it be in the Evening.^
and if that prove ferene andpleafant :but it is not con-
venient to fiih at any time when the Wind bloweth
K>bigh that you cannot manage your Tools toad-
vantage.
Thirdly, Sheep^ [hearing time is an an Enemy to the
Angler, for then the FiOi glut themfelves with what
is wafhx offthe Sheep, and will fcarceiy bite till tiwt
feafon be over. Like wife fliarp Eaft and North nip-
jping-wiads do very much prejudice the Anglers.Rc-
ereatiQn : neither is it good to fifii immediately aftci*
Spawn-
53D{ jf((i)in8. 27
^awning-time -, for at that time theic appetite is
luch abated. , r j ..u . «
It is a very Itrangc thing to confider the natural
iftirxflinFilh in foreknowing the approach of a fhowr
fRain; for I have tried, that upon the rife of a
•loud that threatned a fudden Showr,they would not
ite i from which obfervation I have often iav d m
^Iffrom being wet to the Skin. ^
Laflly, If the preceding night prove dark and
loudv, the fucceeding day will prove incffeaual for
ifhinR,unlefs for fmall filh •, for at luch times the great
mes prey abroad for the lefler,who,by inftnia: know-
ng the danger.hide themfelves till the Morning ^ and
laving fafted'ali night become then very hungry,
;vhilft the grent ones having gorg'd themfehes he ab-
fcondcd all the day long. ,
The nex-r thing we Ml infift on, is the wayot
^aking feveraliorts of fifh (as they are here alphabe.
tically fet down) with fevera'. proper Baits according
to the belt of experiences.
Of the BARBEL.
THE Barbel is fo called by reafon of the Barb
which is under his Nofeor Chaps. He is a lea-
ther-mouth'd-fi(h,that is,fuch a one as will not break
his hold when hook d^ but will frequently break, it
big, both Rod and Line. , ^ n.
They fwim together in great Shoals,and are at woiit
in Jpril, though not very good at any time.
The phces vvhere he loves moft to rerort,are where
Weeds grow, or in a gravelly rifsng ground, wherem
he will dig and root like a Hog with bis No.e : not
f
but that he frequents theftrongeftfwiftsof water
Tometimes, as deep Bridges or Wears, where he will
fo fettle himfelf among the Piles and hollow places,
or amongft Mofs or Weeds, that let the Water be
never fo fwift,he will remain immoveable. This is his
cuftomein the Summer-time •, after which times he
retires into deep waters, and there helps the Female
to dig a hole in the Sand for her to hide her Spawn
from being devoured by other Filh.
This Fiih is of a delicate Caft and handfome fhapc,
with fmall Scales placed after a moft curious manner ;
and as his (hape is curious fo is his palate, for he will
not eat any thing but what is clean ^ and therefore if
you intend to make any fport with him your Bait mult
be very well fcowred. The belt for him is a Lob-
worm,at which he will bite boldly, if you bait your
ground the night before with big worms cut in pieces.
For him you can never bait the Ground too much,nor
can you fifh for him too early or too late.
Gentles alfo are a very good Bait for him, if
green ^ and fo is Cheefe made tough by keeping it
in a wet Linnen Bag a day or two: This Cheefe
iteeped in clarified Honey, and the Ground where
you intend to fifli baited therewith, will give you
an opportunity to catch llore enough of Barbels, if
fihere be any thereabout. You may do well to bait
your Hook with Cheefe that is foft^and Sheeps-tallow
wrought into a Pafte : but there is no bait like the
well-fcowred Lob-worm, or Cheefe Iteeped in Honey
an hour or two.
When you fi(h for this Barbel, let your Rod and
Line be both long and ftrong ; on your Line let there
be a running Plummet, that isa Bullet with a hole
throw the middle, let a knot or little bit of Lead be
placed a Foot or more above your Hook, to keep
your Bullet from falling down on it : I'o your Worm
will
M dfifttng. 2^
lay at the bottom where they always bite, and when
he takes your bait the Plummeti^ill lye and not check
thcfifh, and you may know by the bending of the
top of your Rod when he bites, and likewife feel
him with your hand make a ftrong fnatch, then ftrike
and you rarely fail, if you play him well and tire
him i for as he is very fubtile, fo is he extraordinary
ftrong and dogged to be dealt withal, and will fo
ftruggle, that if you manage.him not dextroufly, he
will break your Line,
His beft time of biting is about nine of the Clock,
and the chiefeft time of fiftiing for him is at the latter
end of A/ayy Juncy Jdy^ and the beginning of At^
gun.
Of the EPvEAM.
THere are two forts of Bre/tm^^ the one a frelh and
the other a fait water-Fifh, yet neither differ
much in Ihape, nature, or tafte.
I Ihall onely fpeak of the frefh- water- fiy^w, which
at full growth is a large and {lately Fifh, and breeds
either in Ponds or Rivers ^ but chiefly delights in the
former, which if he likes, he will not onely grow
exceeding fat, bnt will fill the Pond with his iflue, c-
ven to the ftarving of the other Fiili.
As for his Ihape, it is very broad, and thick fcaled
very excellently, with a forked Tail j his Eyes are
large, but he hath a very little fucking Mouth,difpro-
portionate to his Body,
The flelh of this Fifti is accounted more plcafant
than wholefome by fome : but as for my part, I am of
the judgement of the French^ who have a great efti-
raation for it; and if you will but tafte his BeJiy or
Head, you will fay it is moft excellent food.
50 ' £>f f (fting.
The Bream fpawneth in Jme^ or the beginning of
J»/)',and is eafily taken ^ for after one or two gentle
turns he will fall upon his fide, and fo you may draw
him to Land with eafe. The beft time of Angling
for him, is from St. James-tide till Bartholomew-tide ,
for having had all the Summers food, they are excee-
ding fat.
The Bream is a great lever of red Worms, efpecial-
ly fuch as are to be found at the root of a great Dock,
and lie wrapt up in a round clue ; alfo he loves Pafte,
Flag-worms, Wafps, greenflies, Butter-flies, and a
Grafs-hopper with his Legs cut off^
The way of taking Breams is thus : Firft bait the
ground (where you know they refort) with a conveni-
ent quantity of fweet-ground Barley-malt, boyled
but a little while, and ftrained when it is cold: go
with it to the place about nine a Clock at night, then
take your Malt,and fqueezing it between your Hands,
throw it into theRiver, audit will fink : Iftheftream
run hard, caft in your fqueezed Balls a little above the
place you intend to angle in. Having thus baited
yourground,in the Morning bait your Hook with the
greateft red Worm you can get ^ you may find them
in Gardens or Chalky Commons after a fhowre of
Rain ^ of which you muft ftore your fcif beforehand,
keeping them a Month at leaii in dry Mofs, changing
the Mofs every three daies. Having baited your
hook fo that the worm may crawl to and fro, for the
better inticing ot the Fifhtobite without fufpition,
obferve where your fifh play mofl; and ftay longefl,
which commonly is in the broadefl:, dccpeH and ftil-
Icft. part of the River generally in deep and ftill back
Waters ; then plumb your ground, and fifli with-
in half an Inch of it^ for although you fliall fee fome
Breams play on the top of the Water, yet thefe are but-
the Sentinels for them beneath.
You
You may have three or four Rods out at a time
Ituck in the Bank-fide,ancl let them be iong,the Floats
Swan or Goole-quills, which mult be funk with
Lead, the tops bearing above water about half an
Inch. Let your Rods be call in one above the other
about a yard and a half diftant, and then withdraw
your fejf from the Bank fo far that you can perceive
nothing but the top of the Float j and when you per-
ceive it fink,then creep to the Water-fide, and give
it as much Line as you can : if it bea C^r;? or J^ream,
they will run to the other fide ^ then ftrike gently,
and hold your Rod at a bent a Jittle while, but do noE
pull, for then you fpoil all ^ but you mult firlt tire
them before you can land them, being very Ihic. Of
the two, the Car^ is the worit, being more brisk and
llrong.
Here take notice by the way, if Pik§ or Tearch be
thereabout, it will be but a folly to think of killing
Carp or Bream ^ and therefore you muft remove thofe
obllaclesjby filhing them out fir{t. And to the intent
you may know whether there be thoie Filh of Prey
thereabout, take a fmali Blcak^or G udgccf ^^-sind bait it,
fetting it alive among yoijr RodSj two foot deep from
your hloat, with a little rtd Worm at the point of
your Hook : if a Pike be th^re., he will certainly fnap
at it.
Of tLoBhtA^.
THE Bleak, is. an eager liili, and iscaugiit vfiih,
all forts of Worms bred on Tr'^es or Plants, al-
fo with Flies, Pafte, Sheeps-blojjd, d c You may an-
gle for them with half a (core Hooks at once, ifyou
can fallen them a'l on. Alfo \n an Evening the Bleak,
will take the natural or artincial Fly.
I If
3 2. J^f f tftins.
If it be a warm clear day, there is no Bait fo good
for the Ble^^k: as a fmall FJy at the top of the water,
which they will take at any time of the day,butefpe-
cialiy in the evening : there is no fiflithat yields better
fport for a young Angler than this, for they are fo ea-
ger that they wili leap out of the water at the Bait.
Iftheday becoldand cloudy, Gentles or Cadicc
arc befe about two foot under water.
This fame 5/f^^ by fome is called, a Frefh-water-
fprat, orRiver-fwallovf, by reafonof his continual
motion.
Some would have him called ^/f^^from the whitifli
colour, and that is onely under his Belly/or his Back
is of a pleafant Sea-green.
• There is another way of taking Bleaks, by whip-
ping them in a Boat or on a Bank-fide in fwift Water
in a Summers evening, with a Hazel-top about five or
Jix foot long,nnd a Line twice the length of the Rod ^
but the beftway is with a Drabble that is tie eight
or ten fmall Hooks along a Line two Inches above one ^
another the biggcfl: Hook the lowermoft, by which
you may fomctimestakea better Fifh, and bait them
with Gentles, Flies, or fmall red Worms, by which
means you may take half a dozen or more at one
lime.
of the B IT L L-.H T.A D , <?r M 1 L-
LEii'S-THU MB.
TH E Bitli-hcad is a Filli which hath a broad Head
andwide Mouth, with two broad Fins near his
Ey6s, and two Fins under his Belly : inlloadofhis
Teeth his roaoh Lips aflill him in nibbing at the bait,
Hchath Fins alfo on his Back, and one below the
Yenti andhisTailisiOund, his Body being all over
covered
covered with whitifh, blacki/h, and brown ifh -fpots.
They begin tofpawnabouc Jprt/^ and are full of
Spawn all the Summer-leafon. The HHll-hea4's com-
mon habitation is in Holes, or among Stones in clear
Water in Summer ^ but in the Winter he takes up his •
quarters with the Eel in the Mud : So doth the Loach
and Mtnnow ^ or we cannot guefs other wife where
their Winter-abode fhould be.
He iseafily taken in the Summer, -for he is lazie
and limple. You may fee him in hot weather lie Sun-
ning himfelf on a flat Stone or gravelly Ground, at
which thne you may put your Hook ('which muft be
baited with a fmall Worm j very near the Mouth, at
which he feldomrefufeth to bite, fothat the verieft
bungling Angler may take him.
He is an excellent fifli for taft, but of fo ill a fhapej,
that many women care not for dreffing him, he fo
much refembles a Toad.
Of the C H U V I H.
T' H E Chevin fpawneth in March, and is a very
ftrong Tyet unadtive) filh, yielding in a very
little time after he is ftruck. Thelargerheis, the
quieter he is taken.
As for his food, he loveth all forts of Worms and
Flies, alfo Cheefe, Grain , black Worms, flitting their
Bellies that the white may appear : he loveth to have
his Bait large, and variety of Baits at one Hook. He
delights very much in the Pith thai grows in the bone
of an Ox- back, of which you mufc be careful in taking
offthe tough outward Skin, without breaking the
tender inward Skin.
Early in the Mornin-nr angle for Vour Chevin with
Snails j but choofe lome other Bait for him in the
! 2 hcac
34 ^t jfifttng.
heat of the day,for then he will not bite arlhem. in
the Afternoon filh for him at Ground or File. There
is no Fly he loveth better than a great Moth with a
great head,whole Body is yellow ,with whitifli Wings^
which is to be found commonly in Gardens about the
Evening. He will not Itick fometimes to fnap at a
Lamprey.
Oftk CHAR.
I Could never read nor hear that the Char was taken
any where but in a Mere in LaKcajhire^calkd Wi-
nander mere^ tbelargeft, according to report, that is
in the Kingdom of EngUnd^htrng cert miles in length,
and as fmooth as a Bowling-green at the bottom*
This Char is fpotted like a Trout ^^'dd its dimenflon
feldome exceeds feventeen Inches or a foot and half.
This Fifh is delicate food, havingfcarce a Bone but
wh2t is on the Back. Now fince the place is io
remote from London where thefe Chars are taken, I
fliallforbear to trouble our City-Angler with Rules
and Directions how to angle for him, and pafs to fuch
Fifh as are frequently found in every River here near
adjacent.
Of the CHUB.
THis Fiihhath feveral appellations ^ for he is cal-
led a Chub -J d.Chave?!der by the Fref^ch^hy fome a
yUUan^ by others a Cheven. As for my part,call him
what youpieafe,! like him not for thefe reafons : firil,
he is full of iraall forked Bones difperfed every where
throughout his Body ; next, he eats very waterifh 5
and laftly, this Fifh is unfum, and Cin my opinion)
in a manner taltelcfs. Of
0{ gifting. 55
Of all fifh he is the beft to enter a young Angler,for
he is very eafiiy taken : however give me leave to pre-
fcribe you fome more Rules than what I have already
fhewn in the Angling for the ChsveN^which is the fame
with the Chnh or Chavender
You mufl: find out fomc hole, where you /hall have
twenty or more of them together in a hot day floa-
ting almoft on the very furface of the water : let your
Rod be long and ftiong, and your Line not above
a yard or two long, very ftrong, and an indifferent
large Hook ^ then bait your Hook with a Grafhopper,
bob your Grafhopper up and down one the top of the
water, and if there be any Chub near he will rife;
but foabfcond your felf that you may notbefeen,
for he is a very fearful fiih, and therefore the leaft
fhadow will make him fink to the bottom of the water,
yet he will rife again fuddainly ; this is called Bob-
ing.
Having baited your Hook drop it gently fome
two foot before that Chub you have ele(fted by your
eye to be the beft and fairelt, and he will inftantly
bite greedily thereat, and be held fo faft by rcsfon of
his Leather-mouth,that he can feldom break his hold:
and therefore you may do well to give him play e-
nough, andfo tire him ; othcrwife you may endanger
your Line.
If you cannot find a Grafhopper, then bait your
Hook with any kind of Fl\ or Worm, as I faid before,
as Dors, Beetles, Bobs, Cod or Cafe- worms.
When you fifh for the Chub with a Fly,Gralhopper,
or Beetle, it muft be at the top of the water •, if with
other baits, underneath.
In March and Jfril angle for your Chub with'
Worms ; in May^ Jum^ anii Jaly^ with Flies, Snails,
or Cherries. Where note,he will rarelv refufe a Graf-
hopper on the top of a fwift Stream,nor at the bottom
I 3 the
35 m ftfttng.
the young Humble-bee, In Augujl^ Seftember.hc.
make ufeof a Pafte made of Parmiian,or Hollan4 cheefe
pounded with Saffron in a Mortar, adding thereunto
a little Butter. Others make a Pafle of Gheefe and
Turpentine for the Winter-feafon, at which time the
Chub is in his prime ^ for then his forked Bones are ci-
ther loft, or converted into a Griftle j and he is ex-
cellent meat baked.
In hot weather angle for him in the middle of the
water,or near the top thereof^but in cold weather fifn
for him near the bottom
■ To fticfh all other difcourfe of this Chnh^ Cheven^ov
Chai'ender^l Ihall only fay that his Spawn is excellent^
and if he be large, the Head, when the Throat is weil
walht, is the beft part of theFilh.
Of the CARP.
IT is confefs'd by all,that the Carp is the Queen of all
Freni-water-fiih,being not only a good,but fubtile
fifli. and living longcfl of all fi/li ( excepting the £f/j
out of his proper Element. Thofe that die (boneft are
Herrings J for fait water ; and for frelh- water, Trouts.
• Carps are obferved to breed feveral Months in one
year ^ and for this reafon you fhall hardly ever take
either Male or Female without Melt or Spawn. They
breedever mo. e naturally in Ponds than in running
water : in the latter very feldom or never ; and where
they breed, they breed innumerably.
He that intends to Angle for a Gr>'/>,mufl: arm him-
felf with a world of Patience, by reafon of the extra-
ordinary fubtlety and policy of that Filh : They al-
waies choofc to lie in the deepeft places either of
Ponds or Rivers where is but a fmall running Stream.
Next, you are toobferve that the C^r/) will feldom
bite
hitein cold weather •, and in hot weather you cannot
hfto^ early or too late at you,- fport : and if he hue
vou need not fear h,s hold, for he « one ofthofe
Jeather-mouthM-filh, who have the.r Teeth in the.r-
thfcadicein y««., nor the Gralhopper .n 7«;>. ^"■
^''^fh:S»"«del>ghtinWormsorrwee^^^^^^^^^
of which tllcre are great vanety : hebeft ^rj «
o'r B loud incorporated with Bran or Cow^dung_
Yon mav make your Paftc in this manner : Take a
con'x nient\"a„ti,t\ of Bcan-fiour.or any other F^ur
and mingle ?t with the fleflioi a Cat cut fmaU , n aK
up this Compofition with Hone '.f f '^,l7/^\o 'm^
a I! toeether in a Mottar fo long,till the^ <.re lo toiy
a toh ng upon a Hook without wafcinga^. Foi
bette'r effeding thereof, "'"^'^jher™, h fo,.e
whitilh WooI;and if.you would ^e^ a ' the year.aaa
thereunto fonie Virgms-wax and '^lafed Honev .
Ifyoufiniwith Gentles, anoint A^."^ ^"'^ "°7.\
and put thtm on your "hook with apiece of Scarlet
St?n the like. This -the moft approved way to
■Vreive and captivate thembtileC«>-p. Honey ana
crums of White-bread mixt together ,s a very good
'1 ';;:v:iLy ^^ » -l.^ carp ^r. . .U^^y PW.
Vide Cha^- Of the Tmh. ^^
5^ ^f jftiftms.
of the D A C E ^zW D A R E.
TT ^ ^^■?^'^''' -^'^^^ 3nd Roach^ are much of a kind
A both in manner of feeding, cunning, goodnefs
and commonly in fize 5> 6""uiJcis
. The Dace or D^r^ will bite at any Fly , but efne-
cially 3t the Stone-cadice-fly or May-fly, the latier
f 1^ ^^'n '" u^ • ' ^f '"^'°S ^^ ^"Oft part of May is
a mofl: excellent bait , floating on the top of the wa-
ter ; which you rnav gather great quantit.es cf from
the Reeds and Sedge by the water fide, or from HaT
oravej-ltream, on which they very much deh'eht m
liang: alfo at Ant-flies,of which the blackilh is thi beft
which are found in Mole-hillsabout the Months of
Sim, July, AugHfi and September. The way of pre-
serving them for your ufe is, to put them alive into a
^f^v V^^^'""^^'^ ^'^'^ ^^^^^'^ ^o"ie of the
Sm. ?'l^^ J^^^" ^j^e"c^ yougatherd them, with
fome of the Roots of the Grafs of the faid.Hillock •
leaving laid your Ant-flies in gently without preiu-
dicing their Wmgs, lay a clod of Earth over it • thus
you may keep them a Month , if you bruife them not.
It you would keep them longer, put them into a large
Rmidlet, having firll wafh'd the infide with water
and Honey : having thus kept them three Months
tney are anincomparabie Bait in any Stream and clear
Water, either for Dace, Dare or Roach, and are good
bot^ Q ^ ^-^■'^^^«^^^, fifting within a handful from the
The beft time for making ufe of the Ant-flie,is when
they fwarm, and that is generally about the latter end
or /^(y, and begming c^i u^uguji , they will cover a
^rce or Bulh with their multitude, and then if you
make
make ufe of them, vou may load your felf with Roach
or Dace in a fmall time.
In a warm day he rarely refufeth a fly at the top of
the water .• but remember that when you fifli under
water for him , it is belt to be within an handful or
Ibmethingmore of the ground.
If you would fifh for Z).>7Cf or D^rf in winter, then
about ^/W/c«//^f, where ever you fee Heath or Sandy
grounds ploughing up, foliow the Plough, and you
will find a white worm with a red head, as big as the
top of a mans little finger. You may know where
molt of them are,by the number of Crows and Rooks
which fit on the plowed land. The worm is very fofc
and is by fome termed a Grub, which is nothing but
the Spawn of a Beetle. Gather what quantity you
think fit, and put them into a Veflel with fome of the
Earth from whence they were taken, and you may
keep them all the Winter.
Laltly the young brood of Wafps and Bees having
their heads dipt in Blood, arc an excellent baiHfor
Dace or Dare.
Of the EEL.
f Shall not trouble you with variety of difcourfes
I concerning the being of an Eel^ whether they
:reed by fome Generation, or Corruption as Worms
)r by certain Glutinous dew drops , which falling ni
May and Jujjc on the Banks of fome Ponds or Rivers ;
ire by the heat of the Sun turned into Eels : and tiiefe
ire by fome called Tchsrs^ of which I have fcen Cakes
nade, and have eaten thereof when fried, with much
atisfadion. I fay v.'aving away all Difcourfes of this
iature, I IhalJ onely tcil you that fome have difi^ren-
,ed £f/;into four forts chiefly: namely, the Siiver-
Ecl,
40 c>f f lanng.
^el , a Greeniih Eel^ (which is called a Gr^^O ^ black-
jfh £f/, with a broad flat head ^ and laftjy an Eel with
reddiih Fins.
I Ihali onejy fpeak of the firft which is the Silver
Eel. This Eel is generally believed to have its being
from Generation, but not by rpawning,but the young
coming from the Female alive, and no bigger than a
fmall Needle.
This Eel may be caught with feveral forts of Baits
but principally with powder'd Beef A Garden- worm
or Lob , or a Mim^xv , or Hen's-gut , or Gar-
bage of Pifh , IS a very good bait : but fome pre-
fer a Pride^ which others call a Lane^rey^ beyond any
yet named.
As Eels ablcond themfelves in Winter , taking up
their conftant refidence in the Mud, without ftirring
out for fix Moneths ^ fo in the Summer they take no
delight to be abroad in the day, and therefore the
moll proper timeto take them is in thenight,with a-
ny of thole Baits aforefaid, fpftning vout Line to the
Bank-fide with your Laying-hooks in the water. Or
you may throw in a Line w th good ftore of Hooks
baited, and plumb'dwith a Float to difcover where
the Line lieth, that in the Morning you may take it
up with your Drag-hook.
There is another way of taking £f/j, and that is
hy Sni paling. This Sniggling is nothing el(e but
taking in the day-time a ftrongLineand Hook bai-
ted with a Lob or Garden-worm, and marking fuch
Holes and places where the Eels ufe to abfcond
themfelves in the day-time near Wears. Mills, or
FJood-gates, and gently by the help of a Stick putting
your bait into fuch holes where you imagine Ecls~^xt :
and if there be any, you Ihall be (ure to have a bite j
but then have a care you pull not too hard, left you
fpoil all. Here note,that the Top of vour Stick muft
be
be ckft, wherein you muft put a ftrong Hook, but
of a narrow compafs •, which Stick mult guide the
Bait into the Hole where the Eel is, by which means,
if your Tackling held, you mp.y get as large £f/j aji
any are in the River, Milt-pond, orFlood-gats &c.
And asthis way of hilling is called Smgghw, io it is
called Brogq^lin^ for Eels.
Bobbra^ fot Eels is done after another mnnncr : that
is, Take very large Lobs, fcowr them well, and with
a Needle run fome ftrong-twifted Silk through them
from end to end ; take fo many as that you may wrap
them about a board a dozen times at leaft , then tie
them faft with the two ends of the Silk, thatthey
may hang in fo many Hanks •, then faften all to a
ftrong Cord, and about a handfnl and a half above the
Worms faften a Plumb of three quarters of a pound
in weight,and faften your Cord to a ftrong Pole : ha-
ving fo done., fifh in muddy Water, and you will feel
the £f/^ tug luftilyattheffl. . When vou think they
havefwallowed them as far as they can, gently draw
up your L ine, till you have brought your Eels to the
top of the water, and then bring them attiore as faft
as you can. The Gentleman ("and an experienced
Angler") from whom I received this Inftruftion, told
me, he hath taken fix or feven large Eels at a time this
very way. r /- ;
There is another way alfo for taking ot Eelf
(though it be foraewhnt laborious, and for that rea-
ftDn is beft to be made ufe of in cold weather j and
that is by an Inftrument called an Eel-Ipear -.it is made
for the moft part with three Forks or Teeth, jagged
on the fides ; but thole are better that have four. This
you are to ftrikeinto the Mud at the bottom of the
River-, and if you chance to light where they lie, you
need not fear taking them jf your inftrument be
good. j^
4» €)f f iCbing. I
If you would take very Jarge Eels indeed, bait youi
Night-hooks with fmall Roaches^ und let the Hook
lie in the Wouth of the Fifli.
Of the FLOUNDER.
Ifhal! not go about to tell you the nature of a Floun
der^ or give you his defcription, fince he is a Fifl
fo well known to every one.
In jiprily May^ June and Jiily^ you may fifli for th<
Flounder all day long, either in a fwift Stream or \\
the ftill Deep, but beft in the Stream. Your mofl
proper Baits are all forts of red Worms, Wafps an^
Gentles.
Of the GR AILING.
WHen you angle for the GraiUng^yow muft heac
your Hook upon the Shank with a very (len-
der narrow plate of Lead, and let it be (lenderefl: at
the bent of the Hook, that the Bait which muft be
large Gralhoper, may with more facility come over
it : At the point let there be a Cad bait , and keep
the bait in continual Motion ^ and forget not to pull
offthe Grafhopper's Wings which are uppermoft.
In the Months of March and A^ril^ there is an ex-
cellent Bait for the GraUing^ which is called a iag.
tail: This worm is of a paleFlefh-colour, with a vel-
Jow Tag on his Tail , fomcwhat lefs then half an
Inch long ^ which is to be found in Marled Grounds
and Meadows in fair weather , but not to be feen in
cold weather, or after a Ihowie of Rain.
Of
^i f ifttng. 45
of the GUDGEON.
THe GHdgeon,ihoxi^h fmaH, is a fifh of fb picafant
a tafte, that in ray opinion it is very little infc-
riour to the Smelt. I need not defcribc him, he is fo
^ell known.
I He fpawns three or four times in the Summer fea-
fon. His feeding is much like the Barbel's, inlharp
Streams and on Gravel, flighting all manner of Flies.
iHe is eafily taken with a fmall red Worm, fifhing near
the ground.
This Fifli is Leather- mouthed, and will not eafily
be loft off the Hook when ftruck. You may fifh for
him with Float, your Hook being on the ground •, or
by hand with a running line on the ground, without
either Cork or Float.
Wafps, Gentles, and Cad-baits are good baits for
the Gudgeon^ but the fmall Red worm the beft ^ you
may fifh for them with two or three hooks at once
and find very pleafant fport where they rife any thing
large. When you Angle for them, Ilir up the Sand
or Gravel with a long'Pole , which will make them
gather to that place, and bite fafter and with more
eagernefs.
of the GUINIAD.
I Cannot fay much of this Fifh, only that it is excel-
1 lent food ^ and therefore I fliall conclude mydif-
courfe of the Guiniad with a very ftrange obfervati-
on \ and that is , This Fifh is not found any where
but in a large Water called Pemhle-Mert : but that
which is mod remarkable isrhitj. That the" River
which
44 €>f f tfting.
which runs by Chefler hath its Head or Fountain in
Meriomth jhire and in its courfe runs through this
Pemhle-Mere^ which abounds as much with Gniniads ,
as the River Dee doth with Salmon , of each both af-
fording great plenty ^ and yet it was never knowrt
that any Salmon was ever caught in the /I/trf, nor ever
any Cuiniads taken in the River.
when Dee that in his conrfefainin her Id^ would lie^
Commixtion with herftore^ his Bream jhe doth deny.
By his complexion frov'di ^ he through her dothglide^
Her Wealth again from hisJJie likewije doth divide :
Thofe white fijlj that in her do wondronjly abound^
jire never feen in him \ nor are his S^lvaons found
At any time in her ^ hnt asfje him difdainsy
So he again from her as wilfully abftains.
Dray tons Polyolb. Son^ g
Of the LOACH.
THe Loach, though a ilnall yet a dainty fifti : his
breeding and feeding is in Httlcand clear fwift
Brooks or Rivulets •, here and in fharp Streams Gra-
vel is his ufual food. He is fmal! and ilender, feldora
exceeding three Inches in length : he is bearded like a
lUrbely having two Fins at his fides, four at his Belly,
and onely one at his Tail and is freckled with many
black or brown fpots.
Th\'=> Loaeh IS commonly full of Spawn, which is,
with the fiefli,a very grateful food to weak Stomacks
affording great Nourifhment. He is to be taken with
a very fmall Worm neer the ground, for he delights
to be neer the Gravel, and therefore is feldom fccn on
the top of the water.
of the MINNOW.
THe Mimovo isafifli without Scales,, and one of
the leall of the watry Inhabitants •, but for ex-
cellency of meat he may (in my opinion j be compa-
red to any fifli of greateft value and largelt fze ^ and
little things fhouldnotbe delpifed. TheSpawners
are ufually full of Spawn all the Summer long,torthey
breed often , as it is but ncceflary, being both Prey
and Baits to other filh. They come into the Rivers
generally about March and Afril^ and there continue
till the cold weather drive them into their Winter
quarters again.
Of colour this fifh is greenifh, or wavy sky-colou-
red ^ bis Belly is very white, but his Back is blackifh.
This Fifh will bite fnarply at a fmall Worm \ and "if
you will trouble your felf to catch enough of them
yon may make an excellent Tande of them, cutting
off their Heads and Tails, and frying them in Eggs,
faucing them with Butter, Sugar and Verjuice.
Anglers ufe to find him oftner then they would .•
Deep places he feldom frequents. It is a Fifh no way
curious of his feeding, for any Bait pleafeth him if he
can but fwallow it, he will ftrain hard for what he
cannot gorge. The chiefefl food he lovcth is a fmall
red \\ orm, Wafps, or Cad-baits.
Of the POPE, or RUFF.
THis Fifli with a dciible name is fmall, and fel-
dome grows bigger than Gudgeon -^ in fliape he
is not unlike a Pearch^ but efteemed better food, be-
ing of taftss pleafant and delightful as any fifh what-
ever. The
46 £)f filing.
The Rujf frequents the deepeft running places ia
a Gravel River, theexa(^ bottom of which being
found by plumbing, and your Hooks being baited
with fmall red or brandling Worms, (for I would
have you fifli with two or three) you will have in-
comparable fport as long as you defire.
The Ruff makes excellent fport with an unexpe-
rienced Angler,for he is a greedy biter ^ and they are
in great Shoals together where the Water is deep,
fmooth, and calm. If you would catch a good round
quantity, bait your ground with Earth, and angle for
thera with a fmall red Worm.
of the PIKE.
THE Fike is a very long-liv'd creature, and if
we may credit Sir Francis Bacor^ or Gef;2er that
famous Brutologift, he outlives all other Fifh j which
is pitry, he being asabfolutea Tyrant of the Frelh-
waters, as the Salmon is, the King thereof
The larger the Pike^ths courier the food, the fmal-
ler being ever belt ^ contrary to the nature of £f/j,
which improve their goodnefs by their bulk and age.
He isa melancholick Fifli, becaufe he never fwims
in Shoals, but refts hirafelf alone ; and he is as bold
as any fifh whatever,if we may telieve Report, which
informs us !{ Pike hath been known to fight with an
Otter for aCarp he had taken,and was carrying out of
the Water. Another bit a Mule by the Lip as he was
drinking, and ftuck thereunto fo faft, that by that
means the Owner of the Mule took him. Another
bita Maid by the Foot as flie was wafliing. He will
frequently devour his own kind unnaturally •, from
i^hence I fuppofe he may obtain the name of a FreJJj-'
vcAter-wolf.
As
As the Pike isiii nature like the Hawk, a Bird of
Prey, fo he is like iier in generation, neither of them
breeding but once a year -. and when the I'lke (pawns
it is between Fehmary and MA-rch. The bell Pt'e^es are
found in Kivers, the worilinMeresor Ponds.
His common Food is either Pickerel weed. Frogs,
or what 1111=1 he can procure. ThisPickerel-wfed forae
lay, both feeds and breeds them.
There are two ways of hilling for the Vike \ firlt by
the Ledger, f'^cond.ybv the Walking-bait.
The Ledger-bait isfixM in one certPin place, whilfl
the Angler may be abient^ and this mnfl be a living
Bait,either Filli or Frog. Of Filh the beft are a Dace^
Roach^ or Pearch : for Frogs, the yellowf^ft are the
beft. How to Reep them alive on your Hook, your
own ingenuity will inform you.
When you intend to ufe the Ledger-bait, if it be a
Fifhjitick '/our Hook through his upper Lipuind then
faftning it to a ftrong Line at lealt twelve or four-
teen yards in length, tie the other end of the Line ei-
ther to fome Stake in the ground,or to fbme bough of
a Tree nearthe Pike% ufual haunt or where you think
'tis like he may come. Then windc your Line on a
forked itick, (big enough to keep the bait from draw-
ing it under water) all except about half yard or
fomewhat more •, and your Itick having a fmall cleft
at the end , fallen your Line therein j but fo, that
when the P% comes, he mav eafily dri w it forth^and
have Line enough to go to his hold and pouch.
If your Bait be a Frog, put the Arming-wyre in at
his iVIouth, and out at his Gills ; and then with x
fine Needle and Silk fow the upper part of his Leg
with oneftitch onelytoyour Arming-wyre, or tic
his Leg above the upper joynt to the Wyre -, but as
gently as you can,kft you hurt him.
I have feen excellent fport with living baits tied
K about
48 5aDf filing.
about the Bodies of two or three couple of Ducks,
driven over a place where (tore of Pikes have frequen-
ted. I have obferved the Ptke to ftrike fo violently at
the living Bait, that being hung he hath drawn the
Duck clear under water. The hke may be done with
fuch baits tied to bladders jfuffering them to float down
the River, whillt you mind your fport walking on
its Banks.
The next way of Angling for a T^ik^' is with a Trowl
with a Winch to wind it up withal, if^sihis Fifhis
very ftrong, fo muft your Tackle •, and your Rod muft
not be very fiender at top, where muftbe placed a Ring
for your Line to run through. Your Line mult be
Silk two yards and a quarter next the Hook, which
mult be double, and (Irongly armed with a Wyre a-
bout feven Inches : the reft of your Line may be
Jtrong Shoemakers-thread. Upon the fhank of the
Hook faftcn fome fmootli Lead ^ and having placed
your Hook in the Mouth of a Aitnmvo , Dace^ or
Roach '^ with your Lead fink your Bait with his
head downward. Having lb done, Ccilt your Bait
up and down ; if you feel him at the Hook, give
him length enough to run away with the Bait and
pouch it j which when you think he hath done, ftrike
him with a fmart jerk, and fo continue your fport
with him as long asyoufhall think fit. Take like-
wife this next Diredion from a friend that fpeaks not
much different.
When you intend to Trowl, you may make choice
either of Roach ^ Dace ^ Blcak^^ ox Gudgeon to bait
withal, (but for my own part I always prefer the
CHogeon) which you muft do thus: put your Ar-
mng-wyre in at the Mou:h,and thrufting it along by
thexBack,bringitout again at the Tail, and there fa-
flen it with a Thread Having your Reel in your hand,
and your Line faftned to your hook through a Ring at
the
le top of your Rod, call your b?.ic into feme likely
lace, andmoveic up and down in the w.iterasvou
'alk gently by the Ri vei-lide : when you have a b te
which you mdy ealily feel, for he wiJJ give a Aood
ig; befure to give him Line enough, lou
lay let him lie almoft a quarter of an hour be-
ne you ftrike; and then ha- c a care you do it not
>o Jerceiy, ieit you endanger your Tackle, and ioie
le rifh to boot»
If you fi/h at Snap, you mull give him leave to rUn
httle,thenltnke,ItnKmgthe contrary way to which
J runneth For this way of Angling,a Spring hook
bcft ; and your Tackle muft be much ftronger than
lat [or the Trow],becaufe you muft ftrike with erei
;r torce. °
Here note,that a large Bait more invites the Pike to
te.but the lellcr takes him more infallibly, either at
laporTrowi. ;, ^uiici dt
If you filh with a dead bait for a /'%,this is a rnofl
xellenr bait : Take a Mmow, Frog that is yellow,
[ace or Roach, and having diffolved Gum of Ivy ii'
a ot Spike, anoint your baith therewith, and raYu if
here n/'.;. frequent. Having Iain a little while at
.ttom draw it to the top, and fo up the StrcanLand
>u will quickly perceive aPiks fol.owic with much
gerneis.
A Pike will bite at all baits, excepting the Fly arr»
tes bell about three in the afternoon in clear water
ith a gentle gale, from the middle of Summer to
e latter end of Autumm^ he then bites beft in ftil I
^ces or a gentle Stream : but in Winter he bites nf 1
s day long. In the latter end, and beginning of th-^
ring, he b tes mofi: eagerly euly in the mon^u/
d late m the evening "'''
•^ ^- a
50 £>f jf(fi)mg.
Of the PEARCH.
THE Vearch is a fifii that is hook-backt,'fomewhat
bow'd like a Hog, and armed with flifi'Gri-
ftles, and his Tides with dry thick Scales. He is a bold
bitcr,v^hich appears by his daring to adventure on one
of his own kind with more courage than the ?ike by
much.
Some fiy there are two forts cf Pearches^ the one
fait- water, and the oiher freili : the firfl hath but one
Fin on his Back, the latter two, vmich is more than
moft Fiihes have.
He fpawnsbut once a year, and that is in February
or M^rchy and feldome grows "longer than two foot,,
His bcft time of biting is when the Springis far fpent^
at which time you may take dt one Handing all that
are in one hole, be they never fo many.
His Baits are a ASnmvp^Qr liitle Frog^but a Wortr
called a .Sr^?/^/i^/^ IS bcft, if well fcoured. When he
bites give him time enough,and that can hardly be toe
much.
The Pearch biteth weii all the day long in coo:
cloudy weather •, but chiefly fi-om eight in the Morn-
ing till ten, and from three tiilalmoft fix,
Vou may angle for him with Lob-worms well fcou-
red, Bobs, Oak-worms, Gentles, Colcwort-wormsq
yl/ir7}mvs^ Dors, Wafps, and Cad-baits.
He will not bite at ail the feafons of the year, efpe-
cialjy in Winter, for then he is very abftemious^ yel
if it be warm he will bite then in the midftof th(
day^ ior in Winter ail fiflibite bell about the heal
of the day.
If you rove for aPearchmth^ Mimow^ (whicf
of all baits yields the moft delightful recreation to the
Ang
m f iftfns- 5 1
angler) it muft be alive, flicking your H^o\ through
lis upper Lip orbackFin,anc! letting him iwim about
[lid-water, or iomcwhat lower-, tor which purpof*
'ou muft have an indifferent large Cork with a Qiiill
>n your Line. .,, t • j
I always make ufe of a /;ood ftrong Siik L!nc,?nd a
rood Hook arm'd with Wyre, io that if aP^%do
■omelmavbc provided for him, and have by this
neans taken feveral.. I ufealfo to carry aTm-poc
)f about two quarts or three pints, m which to-
ceep my Mhmovsfs cr Gudgeons alive : the Lid or
the Pot is full of little holes, (o that lean give them
fredi Water without openingif, which ought to
be about every quarter of an hour, left they die.
If you take afmall Cafcing^net with you, you may
It a caft or two take baits enough to ferve you all day
without farther trouble.
When you fifh with a Frog, you muft faften the
riook.through the skin of his Leg towards the upper
pait thereof. , i »j r ^
The Pe^rch is none of the Leather-mouth d fort
^ffiflies : and therefore when he bites give him time
enough to pouch his bait, left when yon think all
rure, his hold break out, and you lofe your fifiiand
V our patience too. . . ,
The beft place to Ffh for Pearches is m the turning
Df the Water, or Edwing in a good Gravel Scoure,
where you will not fail of them, and Rutts betore
fpoke of. . „ r n. y \'
He that will take a Pearch muft nrft take notice
that this fiih feeds well, and bice, f edy . Let the Ang-
ler over-night bait his ground with Lob- worms chopt
in pieces ; and in the morning let him come to the
place, where he muft firft plumb hIsground,then gage
his Line and bait his hook with a red knotted worm,
or a Mimow.vihkh is better in my opinion : the hoo^
K 5 mult;
52 £>f f tfljtna:.
mull be put in at the back of the .i//«ww betwixt the
fifliand the skin, that the Mimow may fwim up and
down ahve, being buoyed up with a Cork or Qui)!,
that the Mimww may have liberty to fwim a foot off
the ground Let thefe diieaions be carefulhy ob-
ferved and followed, and the Angler need not fear the
fruftration of his expedations.
Of the RUD.
TH E Rftd hath a forked Tail,and is fmall of fize :
fome fay he is bred of the Roach and Bream.^nd
is found in Ponds ^ in fome they are in a manner in-
numerable.
There is little lefs difference between the -^//^ and
JRoach,th;)n there is between the Herring and Pilchard^
their fh pe being much alike, onely difrering in bulk
or bignefs. Since the Rud is but a Bollard Roach, I
fnai] fpeak no more of him, but difcourfe of the ge-
nuine Roach onely.
Of the ROACH.
TH E Roach is not looked on as any delicate Fifh
at all j iftherebeany thingpiizable, it is his
Spiwn.
The Roach is a very filly fifh, being every whit as
^mpie as the Carp is crafty. They are more to be
eiteemed which are found in Rivers than in Ponds,
although thofethat breed in the latter are of a much
larger fize ; yet the Thante.f below Bridge abounds
with very hrgc hi Roach, fuchaslmay confidently
affirm exceed in magnitude ali others either in Ponds
or Rivers.
The
€)f fiflnttg. $^
The Roach is a Leather-mouth'd-filh , having his
Teeth (as 1 laid before) in his Throat, as all Leather- .
mouth'd Fifli have. ^ . ^
In Jpril the Cads or Worms are proper Baits to
anele for Roaches ; in Summer fifti lor them wiih
fmall white Snails or Flics: but note, theymuftbe
under water, for he will not bite at the top. Or^take
^May-fiy, and with a Plumb fmkit wheieyou ima-
gine ^./f^fi lie, whether in deep water, or near the
Pofts and Piles either of Bridge or Wear .-having fo
done, do not haftily, but gently pull your Hy up,and
vou will fee the Roach ^if any there) purfue and
take it near the rim of the water .left by flight it fhould
clcaDe
In Autumn you may fifh for them with Pafte onely
made'ofthe crums offine White-bread ,monlded with
a little water and the labour of your h^ndjintoa
toush Pafte, colour'd not very deep with Red-Lead,
with which you may mix a little fine Gotten or Lint,
and a little Butter ; thefe lall will make it hold on
and not wafli ofFyour Hook. With which you muft
fifh with much circumfpeclion, or \ou lofe your bait
In like manner in Winter n ou may angle for /?.^cfe
with Pafte-, but Gerties are then the better bait.
Take thefe next Obfervations expenmenta.ly tried
bv lomeof us. vtz,. There is another excellent bait
either for Winter or Summer, and that is this : la;^
an handful of well-dried Malt, and put it into aDift
ofVXater, and then having grubbed and walhed it
betwixt your hands till it be clean and free from
Husks,put that water from it,and having put it into a
little frefh water, fet it over a gentle FirC /ind let it
boiltillitbe pretty fcff, then pour the Water from
it, and with a fharp Knife turning the ^P^'^^^'f^ ^^
the Corn upward, takeofftheback-pavtof the Husk
with the point of your Knifejeaving a kind of 'nward
54 ^f fWm*
Husk on the Corn, or elfe you fpoil all : then cut off
a little oi the fJDroiit.end, that the white may appear,
andalfoavery little ot the other end for the Hook
to enter. When you makeufe of this bait, caft now
and then a little of it into the water ^ and then, if
your Hook be fmall and good, you will find it an ex-
cellent bait either for Roach or Dace.
Another good bait is the young brood of Wafps or
Bees, if you dip their Heads in Biood. So is the thick
blood of a Sheep being half dried on a T rcncher,
and then cut into fuch fmall pieces as will belt jBt
your Hook : a little Salt will keep it from turning
black, and make it the better.
Or yoD may take a handful or two of the largeft
and belt Wheat you can get, boil it in a little Milk till
it be foft, then f y it cently with Honey and a little
beaten Saflion dillolved in Milk.
The ^o^c^fpavvns about the middle of May ; and
the general baits by which he is caught are thele:fmall
ivhite Snails, Bobs, Cad-baits, Sheeps blcod, all forts
of Worms, Gnats, Waips, Pr.llc, and Cherries.
The way of filhing for Rc,7ch at Lo^idoK-Bndgc is
after this manner: In the Moneths of J//;?^, andj«-
iy, there is great relcrt of thofe Fifh to that place,
where thofe that make a trade of ittakea ftrong
Cord, at the end whereof is faflned a chree-pouud
weight ; a foot above the Lend they faften a Pack-
thread of twelve foot long to the Cord, and unto the
Packthread at convenient diftances they add a dozen
llrong Links of Hair with /:o^c/j Hooks at them,bait-
cd with a white Snail oi Perriwinkle^then holding the
Cord in their H?nds, the biting of the Fifh draweth
the Pa^kth cad, and the Packthread the Cord, which
admon:flieth them them what to do : whereby fome-
times they draw up half a dozen, fometimes Ids, but
commonly two or three at one draught.
Of
f- &i ftftfttg. 55
Of the STICKLEBAG.
THis Fifli is fm?ill, prickly, nnd without Scales and
not worth the conhderaiior, but that he is an
excellent bait for Tn uts, cfpeciary if his Tail on the
Hook be turned round, 9X which ^Trout will bite
more eagerly than at Tcr^K Kjach, or ^'^^ov, ^^^
Loach is every whit as good a bait ^s the SnAUb^g,
provided you place either aright on the Hook. 1 o
the intent you rr>ay do it, take this oblervation .-the
nimble turning of the Pen^M^r^r^ow, Loach, ov Sttc-
klchag, is the perfedion of that fo; t of '^^^^'^^'J^^^
you may attain thereunto, note, [hat you mtlft put
your Hook into the Mouth of anv the forefeid Baits
Ld out athis Tail, tying him taft with white thread
a little above it, in fuch manner that he rnay urn^^f-
terthisfowup his mbuih, and your ^efign is accom-
plifhed. This way of baiting is very tempting for
arge Troms. and feldome fails the Angler's expedta.
tion. This fifh in fome places is called a BanThchle,
Of the SALMON.
TH E Salmm evermore breed in Rivers that arc
not brackifh, yetdifcharge themfelves into the
Sea, and fpawn commonly in ^^^#, which become
sllets in the Spring following. The Melter and
Spawner having both performed their natural dut> ,
thev then betake themlelves to the Sea. I have known
that when they have been obftrufted in their palfagc,
thev have grown fo impatient, that, clapping their
TaUs to their Mouths with afudden fpringthey
^av leapt clear over Wear, or any other obMe
\
5<^ €)f fiiibing.
which ftood in their way: Some having leapt fhort,
have been taken by that means. If they are foob-
ftruded that they cannot find their way to the Sea,
they become fick, lean, and pine away, and die in
two years. If they (pawn in the mean time, from
thence proceeds a fmall Salmon called a Skegger^
which will never grow great. It is the Sea that makes
them grow big ^ but it is the frefh Rivers that makes
them grow fat ^ and fo much the farther they are
from the Sea up in the River, the fatter they grow
and the better their food. '
From a SamUt (which is but little bigger than a
Mtmovp) he grows to be a Salmon in as fhort time as
a Goflin will grow to be a Goole.
^ Salmon biteth heft at three of the clock in the
Afternoon, in the Moneths of Muy^ June, July^ and
-Auguft^ if the water be clear,and forae little breeze of
Wind ftirring,eipeciallv if the Wind bloweth againft
the Stream, and near the Sea.
Where note, that he hath not his conllant refi-
dence, like a Trout^ but removes often, coveting
to be as near the Spring-head as he may, fwimming
generally in the dcepeil and broadeft parts of the
River near the ground ^ and he is caught like a Trout^
With Worm, Fly, or Mmmw. The Garden-worm
IS an Excellent bait for the Salmon , if it be well
fcoured, and kept in Mofs about twenty days, after
which time thofe Worms will be very clear, tough
and lively.
There is a way of fifliing for Salmon with a Ring of
Wyre on the top of the Rod, through which the Line
miy run to what length is thought convenient,having
a Wheel alfo near the hand.
I have been told that there is no bait more attra^ive
of and eagerly purfued by the Salmon and molt other
n/h,than Lob-worms fcented with the Oil of Ivy-ber-
ries,
iDf fifttng. 57
ries, ortheOilof Polypodieof theO-ik mixt with
Turpentine j nay, ^(fa Foetida they fay is incompara-
bly good.
The Artificial FJy is a good bait for a Salmon \ but
you muft then ufea 1 rowl as for the Piks^ hebemga
Itrong fifh. As the Salmon is a large hfli, lo mnft your
Flies be larger than for any other, with Wings and
Tails very long^.
You fliall obfervcjwhen you ftrike him, that he will
plunge and bounce, but doth not ufually endeavour
to run to the length of the Line, as the Trout will
do jand therefore there is Icfs danger of breaking yonr
Line.
Ifyou will angle for Salmon at ground, then take
three or four Garden-worms well fcoured, and puc
them on your Hook at once, and fifh with them in the
fame manner as you do for 1 routs.
Be fure to give the Salmon (as well as all other fifli)
time to f'^o gorge the Bait, and benotover-hafty,
unlefs your bait be fo tender it will not endure nib-
bling at. Much more maybefaidof 5^/wo«-fifhing,
which I fliall pafs by, leaving the rcit to your own
practice and obfervation.
Of the T E N C FL
Shall now difcovcr an approved way how to take
Tench and Carf in a muddy Pond : but know, 1 do
not make publick this following Secret , to teach
Knaves how to rob Gentlemens Ponds, lut that the
proper Owners may be able upon cafes of neceflity to
fupply themfeives with Fifh, without being puc to fo
much trouble and charge as to fue their Ponds. But
to the purpofe. In the firft place you mult provide
your felf with a very good large Calling- net, well
lead-
5^ €)f f tfbdtg.
leaded ; let not the Mcfhes from the Crown to a full
yard and a half be too fmall •, for then if the Pond be
any thing of a depth, the fifli will ftr ike away before
the Net comes to the ground : the whole Net ought
to have a large Mefli, well leaded, and deep Tuc-
ked.
Thefecond thing to be dene is, to make the place
clean from Stakes and Buflies, and try with the Net
before you intend for the fport : if your Net happen
to hang, then all your pains will prove ineffe(ftual j
therefore you mull be lure before you caft in your
■ Net that you clear and cleanfe the place very well
twice or thrice with a Rake. Then take a quarter of
a peck of Wheat, baking it well in an Oven, putting
in near three quarts of Water ; when it is well baked,
take five pints of Blood, and incorporate the Wheat
and Blood together, adding thereto as much Bran as
isfufficientto makeaPafte thereof: and that it may
the better hold together, put fome Clay to it ^ after
this,knead it well together with a quart of Lob worms
chopt in pieces, and worked into Pafte as aforefaid :
then roll it into balls as big as a Goore-egg,and throw
it into the Pond within the circumference of your
Cafting-net; and between whiles throw in fome
Grains^ and when you think the fifh have found out
the Baiting-place, then come in the clofe of the Even-
ing fhaving baited very early in the MorningJ and
caft your Net over the baited-place -. then take a long
pole with a large Fork made for the purpofe, and ftir
all about the Net •, for the Carps and Tench are ftruck
up beyond their Eyes in Mud, and ftand exacl'y upon
their Heads : let the Net lie near an half hour, lliH
ftirring with your Pole, if the place be not too deep .•
when you have covered the Fifh, you may go into the
Pond, and take them out with your hands ^ but if the
water »bejdecp, when you find the Carps begin to ftir,
(for
( for they cannot ftand long on their heads in the
MudJ then lift up the Crown of your Net bolt up-
right with a long Staff, that fo the fiih may play into
the Tuck of the Net.
Here note, that fhould you draw up your Net fud-
denly after you have calt it in, it is an hundred pound
to a penny whether you fhould take one Carp or Tench ^
but letting the Net lie,the Mud will choak them if they
remove not out of it.
Now here I cannot omit a very pleafant flory ia
my opinion : A Gentleman having fpecial Carps in
his pond, but not knowing how to take one of them,
unlefs it were by chance with Hook and Line •, I dc-
lired him that we might taftc of his Carps^ and mo-
deltly told him, a brace of them would ferve our
turns: He anfwered, I might freely havfc them, if
I knew how to catch them. Hereupon I prepared
fom^ngredients,and having baited a convenietit place
very cariy in the Morning,at the dusk of thq Evening
•we came with a Cafting-net,and at the firft throw co-
vered a great quantity of fi(h,as hereafter will appear ;
but not one feem'd to Ilir a jot under the Net, being
all ftruck into the Mud. Hereupon the Gentleman
fell a laughing heartily, faying, 5/>, // Jhadno other _
provifon to trufi to but what fijl) youjhall catch this nighty
JbcUeve I p^allgofH^ferlc^ to Bed. Hearing him fay
fo, I defired that he would have a little patience, for
the fifli were afleep, and I was as yet loath to dilturb
them i but half an hour hence, if he would ftay fo
long, I fhould make bold to awake them with a wit-
ncfs : So the Gentleman having fmoakeda pipe of
Tobacco a Carp began to play in the Net ^ and after
this in a very little time a great many more began ta
dance and skip: whereupon 1 lifted uptheCrown^
that they might play in the Tuck \ and when I thought
they were all got out of the Mud I began to draw,
and
60 ^f f ffl)fn5.
and at one draught drew up in the Net Seventy odd
Cwm, great and ImaJl. to the admiration and great fa-
.isfadtion of the Owner and the reft of the company,
. aving in all their life-time not (een the like before*
The Tench hath but fmall Scales, f and they fmooth)
yet very large Fins , with a red Circle about his
Eyes, and a little Barb hanging at each corner of his
JMouth.
The Slime of a Tench is very medicinal to woun-
ded Fifhes ; and therefore he is commonly called the
Fifljes Phyjitian.
The Pike isfo fenfible of his vertue, that he will
rot injure the 7V»c/?,though he will feize on anv other
filhof his fize that comes in his way -■ And when the
Fikj: is fick or hurt,he applies himfelf to the T^w^,and
finds cure by rubbing himielfagainfthim.
The Tench hath a greater love for Ponds than clear
Rivers, and delights bimfe'f amongft Weeds, and
loves to feed in very foul Water *, and yet his food is
nourifliing and pleafant.
The time of Angling for him is earlv and late, both
morning and evening, in the moneths oijme^uly and
Auguf^ or all night in the (till parts of the River.
He is a great lover of large red Worms,an(l will bite
molt eagerly at them, if you firft dip them in Tar.
The Tench loves alfo all forts of Pafle made up with
flrong-fented Oyls, or with Tar, or a Pafte made of
brown Bread and Honey, He will bite alfo at a Cad-
worm , a Lob worm , a Flag-worm , green Gen-
tle, Cad-bait, Marfii-worm, or foft boy led Bread-
graii^.
Of
of the TOaCOTH.
THc Torcoth is a fifli having a red Belly, but of what
eflimation 1 know not ; for that, let the Welfh-
men fpeak^who beft know him: for as I have heard he
is only to be found in the Pool Lin-peris 'mCarnarvan'
pnre. I only name him that you may know there is
fuch a fiih.
of tk raoiiT.
IT is obferved that the Trmt comes in and goes out
of feafon with the Stag and Buck, and Spawns a-
bout October or November : which is the more to be
v^'Ondred at , becaufe molt other fifli Spawn in warm
weither, when the Sun by his heat hath adapted the
Earth and Water making them fit for generation.
All the Winter, the Trout is Sick, Lean and unwhol-
fome, and you fhall frequently then find him Louzy.
Thefe Trout-lice are a Imall Worm with a big Head
flicking clofe to his fides, and fucking moifture from
him that gave them being .• and he is not freed from
them till the Spring or the begining of Summer, at
which time his Itrength increafeth^ and then he de-
ferteth the ftilldeep waters, and betakes himfelf to
gravelly g ound, againfl: which he never leaves rub-
ing till he hath cleanfed himfelf of his Louzincfs •, and
then he delights to be in the fharp Streams and fuch
as are fwift , where he will lie in wait for Mimevps and
May-flies ^ at the latter end of which month he is in
his prime, being better and fatter in that Month ,
efpecially at the latter end thereof, than in any o;her
throughout the whole year.
There
62 £)f f tilling.
There are fcveral forts of Tronts highly prizable ;
?LSthliFordUge-TroHt^X.}\t Amerly-'troHt,thQ BulL-Troiit
in NorthumberUnd^ with many more which I fhall for-
bear to mention, but ouly tell you what is generally
obferved^ and th^it is, that the red and yellow Tro«fi
are the belt, and as to the Sex , the Female is thebeft,
having a lefs head and a deeper body then the Male.
By their Hog- back you fhall know that they are in fea-.
fon , with the like note for all other fifh.
The Trom isuiually caught with a Worm, Minnow
or Fly natiiral or arLiticial. There arc feveral forts of
Worms which are baits for the Angler j the Earth-
worm, the Dug-worm, the Mat^got oroentle^ but
for the 7rtf/<f, the Lob- worm and Brandling are the
beft, or Squirril-tail, having a red head, ftreakt df>wn
the back, aad a broad Tail. The Brandling is found
commonly in an old Dung-hill, Cow-dung. Hogs-
dung, or Tanners-bnrk. Here note, that whatever
Worms you fifh wirhal are the better for keeping^
which muft be in an Earthen pot with Mofs, which
you muft change often in Summer, that is, once in
three or four daies, and in twice as long time in Win-
ter.
When you fifh for a Trout by hand on the ground,
take a Lob-worm and clap your Hook into him a little
above the middle, and out again a little below the
fame ^ then draw your Worm above the arming of
your Hook,making your firft entrance at the Tail end,
thait the point of the Hook may come out at the
Head-end.
When you fifli with a Minnoyv^ take the whitefl: and
middle-fized,fortbofe are thebeft, and place him fo
on your Hook, that he may turn round when he is
drawn againft the Stream.
The beft Inftructions f for putting the Minmsv on
the Hook) which I can lay down are thefe : Put your
Hook
^t !fftfl)ing. 6^
Hook in at his Mouth and out at his Gill, drawing it
through about three Inches ^ then put the HOolc again
into his Mouth, and let the point and beard come out
at his Tail ., then the Hook and his Tail v ou mult tic
about with a fine white Thread, and let the body of
the Minnow be almoft ftraight on the Hook : then try
againfl the Stream whether it will turn ^ where note,
it cannot turn too fait. It you want a Mwmvo^ a
fmall Loach or Sticklebag will ferve the turn : if none
of thefe can be gotten, you may in their feafon have
an Artificial one made of Cloath by one that is living,
which I have found to be every whit as good a Bait as
what are natural*
If you fifh with a Natural or Artificial Fly, then
follow fuch directions as i have already prefcribed in
a foregoing Chapter, which particularly difcourfes of
Flies Natural and Artificial.
Of the UMBER,
IT is the opinion fome, that the 'Uw&^r and Gr ai-
ling differ onely in Names,and arc of a Trowf-kind,
but feldom grow to the bighefs of a Trouty I having
never feen nor heard any exceed the length of eJgh-«
teen Inches.
He frequents fuch Rivers as the TrontJ 6,0, aad
is taken with the fame Baits , efpeclnUy the Fly j
and, being a firaple Fifh , is more bold than the
Trout is.
In the Winter he abuonds aiinfelf, but after Jprii
he appears abroad,and is very gamefome and pleafant.
He is very tender-mouth'd, and therefore quickly loft
attei he is flruck. For what more may be faid, I refer
you to the Chapter of the Gr^iUng,
T-^ Th^3
^4 €)f fianng.
THushave I given you an Alphabetical and fum-
mary accoantofthe Nature of Fifh, and'th'efe-
veral ways to take them,according to ancient and mo-
dern experience : I fhalJ onelygive you more" a fliort
difcovery of their Haunts 5 and fo Ifhall conclude
this Ticatife.
. JSJext to- the Art of taking Fifh, the knowledge of
their Haunts and proper places to find them in accor-
ding to their kinds is rightly W%t confldered- for
mt knowing wh^t.Riversor'wh'at'partsof them are
fitceftfor^yourBilits^or what- Baits beft fute with each
River and thefifh therein contained, you onely aiigle
atadvcntufe,and, inftead of reaping fiiti<>faa:i6ri,^you
onely lofe yoiir pains and your labour. • " ■- '
' ■' Wherefore in the firft placryou are to underftand,
that fiflies change places with the feafon. Some'in the
Summer keep always near the top or rim of the Wa-
ter^ others are continually at the bottom. For the'
firlt, you may angle with a Float or FJy ^ the latter
are to be found at the Arches of Bridges, Mill-ponds '
Wears, Flood-gates, &c. In Winter all fi/Ii in gene-
ral fly into deep Waters.
The Barbel, Roach, Dace, and ^/#" delight in fandy
gravelly ground. The deepeft part of the River: and
the Shadows of Trees are equally grateful.
• . "'■ ■■ ..- i '-'■'. tti
The Bream, Pike^^nd Chuh choole a Clay and Ouzie
ground. The Bream delights molt in the midit of a
River whofe. Stream is not too rapid, but gently
gliding : the Pike is for ftill Waters full of Fry ^ and
that he may the better and fecurer feize his Prey, he
frequently abfconds himlelf amon^ft Water-do'cks
under Bulhcs or Bull-rufhes.
Qtr^,
Carf^ tench^^J^nd Eel frequent ftill Waters, and
\yhat are foul and muddy.£e/j lie lurking under Roots
or Stones : The, Carp is for the deepclfc place of the
.Watery and where there are gr^ea,, Weeds the Carp
and, Tench delight; moll of-,aHo iq .: . ..i . i2
*Tearch delight in gentle Streams not too deep, yet
ihe^. mufii'Jaot befhaUowi and a Ihoiiovv Bank is their
chicfeft jefuge.
5-; Gudgeons love fandy ground in gentle Streams, they
affect fmall Rivers above the large, orfmall Brooks,
and bite belt in the Spring till they Spavvn.
The Salmon delights moft in Rivers which ebb and
flow, are large, and have a fwift current , infuch Ri-
vers are the greatelt plenty. If the Rivers are rocky
or weedy, fo much the better.
Shad, Thrvait^ Plaice^ and Flounder have the grea-
telt love for fait or brackilli Waters which ebb and
flow.
The Vmber affeLT:s Marly Clay grounds, clear and
fwift Streams •, but they muft then be far from the
Sea, for they feldom come near it.
There are many more Rules to be obfervcd, u'hich
generally hold good, but 1 will not conclude them in-
fallible, fince I have found fomeofthem fwcllcredi-
Ted) very falfe-, wherefore let every man's expe-
rience be his guide in the knowledge of the na-
ture of Rivers, and the Fifh their Inhabitants. And
therefore it will be very requilite for him that would
be compleat in the Art of Angling,diligently to obferve
whatever River or water he fiOieth in, whether it be
1-2 muddy
(,6 €)f !ffia)inii.
muddy^flinly ftony,gravelly,fwift,or of aflow motibn.
And as he muft have a competent knowledge in Ri-
vers^ Ponds, or all fifhable waters he is acquainted
with ^ fo muft he know the nature of each Filh, and
what Baits are mofl: proper for every kind,or he fhall
never attaint© the reputation of a good experienced
ANGLER.
I fhall conclude this Treatife with the experimen-
tal obfcrvations of an ingenious Gentleman, who hath
practiced the Art of Filhing many years, and there-
fore the more fit to give Dire(flions for the right ule
of the Angle.
Expert^
€>t f tfting. 67
' &^ .^^ -^ .^^ ?^^ 9?^ ^fe .^9 ^ ^
Experimental Ohfervations anduje^
fill T)ireBms for the right ufe
of the Angle ; and is a true and
brief Epitome of the iiohole Art
andMyjlery of the Fijhing 'Re-
creation.
NOne certainly is fo ignorant to addrefs him*
felf to the River for Recreation, but he will
be mindful to carry neceflary Tackle with him : be-
ing compleatly furnifhed therewith, let him m the firft
place confult Sun, Wind, Moon, Stars, and change of
Air ; for without obferving Times and Seafons, his
Tac<!c,thout^h never fo good, wiH prove ineffe(ftnal
Wherefore ohferve, if the Sun be obfcuredwith
Clouds, and his Face hidden from your Eyes, then fet
forth your Ground-baits,and ufe your brighteft Flics.
If the Sun fhine out glorioufly, then ufe the darkeft of
your Flics. Here note,
Jf that the Wind he in the South,
It blows the Fly in the Trout'i Mouth.
If the weather be warm, it is no matter in whnt
point of the Compafs the Wind lieth, fo that it blow
L s v\ot
63 ^f f Tfting.
not to^ high •, the fame obfervation holds good at
Night as well as Day. If the Sun fhine bright, the
Ajoon prove clear, or the Stars glitter, there is but
little fport to be expe(n:ed.
Gentlemen , I write to you that have more than
common experience in the Art of Angling, and there-
fore I hope you will not exped that I fhould here in-
form you how to profecute the little recreation of the
Thames J how to catch Sle^iJ^^j, Dace, &c. fince there is
hardly any young beginner that; is ignorant thereof •
Whereof omitting fuch trifling difcourfe, 1 Ihall fall
upon that which isfomewhat more material, and firlt,
how to take Eels* When the Angler ftaysa night or
two, let him take five or fix Lines for what number
he thinks fitj each of them about fixteen yards long ,
tind at every two yards long make a Noofe to hang on
a hook armed either to double Thread, or Silk-twift,
for it is better then V/yre. His Hooks mufl; be baited
with Alillers-tbambSf Loaches^ Minnow s ox Gudgeons i
to every Noofe there mufl: be a Line baited, and all
the Lines muit ly crofs the River in the deepefl: place,
either with Stones or pegged lying in thebottom,you
muH watch all night , or rife as foon as ever it is
break of day -( or elfe you will lofe divers that were
Jiungj and drav/ up the Lines , on each of which I
have known two or three Eels or Grigs.
Every one that delights in Fly-fifliing ought to
learn the way of making two forts of Artificial Flics ,
the Palmer ribbed with Silver or Gold, and the May-
fly, both which are theground of all Flies.
In the making of the Palmer-Fly hemuftarm his
Line on the infi 'e of the Hook ^ then with a pair of
Sizers let him cut fo much ofthe brown of a Mal-
lards Feathers as he fiiall think fufiicient to make the
XA'ings ^ then let him lay the outcrmoll part of the
Feather next the Hook, and the point of the Feather
to-
towards the Shank of the Hook ^ let him whip it
three or four times about the Hook with the lame
Silk he armed the Hook ^ then make his Silk fait :
then let him take the Hackle of the neck of a Cock
or Capon (but a Plovers Top is belt) and let him take
offthe one fide of the Feather ^ and then he mult take
the Hackle-filk, ©r Gold or Silver thread •, and let
him make all thefe fall at the bent of the Hook,
working them up to the Wings j every bout fhifting
his Fingers, and making a flop, then the Gold will
fall right, and let him make fall: then work up the
Hackle to the fame place, and make it fall : alter this
let him take the Hook betwixt his Finger and Thumb
in the left hand with Needle or Pin, and part the
Wings in twain i then with the Arming-filk (havmg
faftned all hitherto; let him whip it about as it falleth
crofs between the Wings, and with his Thumb he
mult turn the point of the Feather towards the bent
of the Hook: then let him work it three or four
times about the niank, fo fallen it, and view the pro-
portion for other Flies.
If he make the grounds of Hogs-wool, fandy,black,
or white,or Bears-wool, or of a red Bullock two years
old, he mult worl> thcfe grounds on a waxed Silk,and
mult arm and fet on the Wings as aforefaid. ^
The body of the May- fly mult be wrought with
fome of thefe grounds , which will be admirably wehl
when fibbed with black Hair. The Oak-fiy he mult
make with Orange-Tawny and blr.ck, for the body ^
and the brownof the Mallards Feather for the Wmgs.
The next thing to be obferved is the Floating tor
Scalc-lifli in Pond, or River : Firll, take notice that
the Feed brings the Fifh together, as the Sheep to the
Pen ', and there is no better in all Angling tor Feed,
than Blond and Grains ^ though Pafte is good yet in-
fcrlourtotheie. ^^^^
70 £>i f injing.
Next, let hiniobferve to plumb Iiis ground. Am-
Img with fine Tackle, as fingle hair for halftheS
xTh kP^".°°V.°""'*.'"V"'^" P'^^bed accord g
*o his Float. There is afmall red worm with a vel-
fn,T %Z ^'' Tail, which 1. an excellent bait for this
fti 1 0 Fifh or any other.Other fpecial baits are theft-
Coc"k hT'^ ^^«^P«?'<"- Cadice iotherwift ca >d
k the Ri vel^'"^ '" '" ^""«"y '"'''' "°*^ the ftones
zle rodof Twelve foot long, with aRingofWvre
onthetopof the Rod for the Line to runthro^/h
w, hin two foot of the bottom of the Rod, there is a
|io e made to put in a Wind to turn with a Barrel, to
gather up the Lmeand loofe it at pleafure : This is
the belt manner of Trowling
MeIi"pntH"°'''p-"">''°u"^'^ n,orcP,%, either in
Mecre, Pond, or River, than any Trowler with his
Rod can do , which is done after this manner.
Inn, 'f'''^'' (^'"^kwith a Line of Twelve yards
ong wound upon It; at the upper end leave about a
buov'ifn'rhe ^V'"^"^'' ^f '^'^S'' °^ » Bladder o
huoy up the Fini,and to carry it from the ground The
Ki.tmuft be a live fi/h, either Dace^C.dLnXlch
prfmalir„«,: The forked ftick muft ifavea niTin
the one fide of the Fork to put in the Line , that l"
^;ny lethis 1 vefiflito fwimat a gage, that when a
^H.taketh the Bait, he mayhavefhf full libertv of
he line for h.s feed. He may turn thcfe looft either
onrfh^'J^'^'^V 'f "^' ^°^^^M^ the Wind all day
Jong the more the better: at night let him fetfome
fnullwoghtthathemay Itay the Buoy till the fI
For the River he muft tmn all looft with the
i "!"'■' the Hooks mult be double, the Shanks muft
t;c loraewhatlliortcr then oiuinary; for the llioi ter
the
the Hook is off the Shank, without doubt it will lefs
hurt the fifh : and it muH be armed with fmall Wyre
well foftned ^ but certaioly a hook armed with twilt-
ed Silk is better.
If yoa arm your hook with W^yre, the Needle mull
be made with an Eve^ then mull he take one of thole
living Baits, and with one of his Needles enter within
a Straws breadth of the Gill of the Fifh, fo pull the
Needle betwixt the Skin and the Filh , then pull the
Needle out at the hindmofl Fin, and draw the Arming
thorough the Fifli, until the Hook come to lie clofe to
the Fifties Body : having fo done, let him put off in
Meere or pond with the Wind ^ in the River with
the Stream .- the more that he pulls off in Meere or
Pond, he is the likelier to have the greater faltirae.
There is a time when Pikes go a Frogging in Ditch-
es , and in the River to Sun them, as in May^ Juncy
and July j at theJe times you fhall hardly mils one in
twenty ; and thus mufl the Angler deal with them.
Let him take a Line of Seven or Eight foot , and let
him arm a large Hook of the largefl fize that is made,
and arm it to his Line ^ let him lead the ftiankofhis
Hook neatly, offuch a weight that he may guide the
Hook at his pleafuie. He may flrikethe Pike that
he fees with the bare Hook where he pleafes.This Line
and Hook doth far exceed Snaring.
In the taking of a Carp either in Pond or River, if
the Angler intends to add Profit to his Pleafure , he
mufl takea Peckof Ale-Grains and a good quantity
of any Blood, and mix the Grains together, with
which let him bait the Ground wherein he intends to
Angle. Thisfeed will wonderfully attrad theScale-
fifli , as Carp., Tern h J Roach ^ Dace, and Bream. In the
Morning early let him profecute his paflime., plumb-
ing his ground, and Angling for a Carp with a flrong
Line : the bait mull be either falle, or a knotted red
Woim
1^ ^l f tfltimg.
Worm j by this means he flial] find fport enough.
In the Taking of a Trout with Ground-baits thus
mull the Angler do : In the firft place he mult have a
neat taper Rod , light before , with a tender Hazle
top. He may Angle with a iingle hair of five lengths,
one tied to the other for the bottom of the Line, and
a Line of three hair'd links for the upper part j and fo
if he have room enough he may take the largeffc
Trtf/^r that fwims in the River. He that angles with
a line made of three liairM links at the bottom, and
more at the top, may take Trouts ^ but he that Angles
•with one Hair , fhall take five Trouts to the others
one: For this Fifli is very quick fighted ^ therefore
the Angler both day & Night mull keep out of fight.
He mull Angle with the point of his Rod down the
Stream.
He mufl begin to Angle in March with the Ground-
baits all day long : hut if it prove clear and bright, he
mull take the Morning and livening, or elfe his labom'
will be in vain.
He that Angles with Ground-baits, mull fit his
Tackle to his Rod, and begin at the upper end of the
Stream, carrying his Line with an upright hand,feel-
ing the Plummet running on the ground fometen
Inches from the Hook, plumbing his Line according
to the fwiftnefs of the Scream that he Angles in , for
one Plummet will not ferve for all Streams.
For his Bait let him take the red knotted Worm,
which is very good where Brandlings are not to be had*
The Ml mow (or as fome call it a I'enk) isafingular
Bait for a Trout ^ for he will come as boldly at it as a
Mnfliiff^dog at a Bear. It will be advantageous to
him in his angling to ufe a Line made of three Silks
and three Hairs tv^illed for the upper mod part of the
Line,anc] two Silks and two Hairs twilled for the bot-
tom next the Hook.with a Swivel nigh to the middle
of
>f his Line, with an indifferent large hook. Let him.
)ait his hook with a ,T^/w;ow,puttingthe hook through,
"helowerraoltpartofhis mouth, iodraw, the Hook
-hroush -then put the hook in at the mouth again,and
let the point ot the hook come out at the hindmoft
Fin ■ then let him draw his Line, and ths Mnmws
[nou'th will clore,that no Water will get into his Belly.
As 1 faid before, he muft angle with the point of his
Rod down the Stream, drawing the Mmow up the
Stream by little and little nigh the top of the Water :
the Trout feeing the bait will come mofi; fiercely at it j
but the Angler muft not then prefcntly ftrike : this is
a true way without Lead ^ tor many times they will
come to the Lead, and forfake the Mtmwiv. ■ ■
The nextdireftionishow to angle with a Hy tor a
rrout. In the firft place let the Angler fit himfelt with
a Hazle of one piece or two fet conveniently together,
light and pliable. The lower part of Ins Line next
tlie Flv muft be of three or four hair d Links ,vbut
ifhe can attain fas aforcfaid; to angle with a fingie
Hair, he fiiall meet with more profit and plealure.
Before he begin to angle, havingthe wind onhis
back, let him try how far he can calt his Line,
or a? what length his Fly, and let nim be careen
that the Fly fall firft on the Water ; f^^r if any of the
Line light upon the Water, he had better to have
ftood Itill than to have thrown at all. ^ ^e mult al-
ways caft down the Stream,, with the Wind behind
and the Sun before him -, it isa great advantage to
have either Sun or Moon before him.
March is the raoncth for him to begin to angle vvitU
the Fly 1 but if the Weather prove windy or cloii-
dv there are feveral forts of Palmers that arc good
at 'that time: The firft is a black Palmer ribbed
with Silver: The fecond a black Palmer wi h a.i
Orange-tawnyBody: Thirdly, aPalmer wnolebo-
74 ^J f ifting. ^
dyis all black: Laftly, there is a red Palmer ribbed
with Gold , and a red Hackle mixed with Orange
Cruel. Thefe Flies ferve all the year long Morning
and Evening, whether Windy or Cloudy Weather.
But if the Air prove ferene, he may then imitate the
Hawthorn-fly, which is all black and very (mail, and
the fmallcr the better.
In May let him take the May.^^ and imitate that,
which is made feveral ways : Some make them with
a Ihammy Body; 'tis belt with black Hair .• Others
make them with fandy Hogs- wool, ribbed with
black Silk , and winged with a Mallards Feather
feveral ways, according to the humour of the Angler*
Another called the O^j^-fly, is made of Orange co-
loured Gruel, and black, with a brown Wing. Laft-
ly, there is another Fly, the Body whereof is made
of the ffcrainof a Peacock's Feather, which is very
good in a bright day. Thefe feveral forts of Flies
will ferve the whole year,obferving the times and fea-
fons.
Here note, that the lightefl: Flics are for cloudy and
dark! Weather,the darkefl for bright and Iight,and the
reft for indifferent feafons, for which his own Judge-
ment, Difcretion, and Experience mult guide him.
Of late days the Hogs-wool of feveral colours, the
Wool of a red Heifer and Bears-wool are made ufe
of, which make good grounds, and excellent paftime.
The Natural-fly is a fure way of Angling to Aug-
ment the Anglers Recreation. Now how to find
them take notice that the May-fly is to be found play-
ing at the River fide, efpecially againftthc Rain.
The Gallfly \s, to be found on the Butofan'Oak,or
an A(h, from the beginning o^May to the end of y^<-
^hfl : It is a browntfli Fly, and ftands always with his
bead towards the Root of the Tree, very eafy to be
found.
The
5E>f ftftfng. 57
The BUck::flly is to be found on every Hawthorn-
lulh, after the Buds are come forth.
Now with ihcfe Flies he mull ufe fuch a Rod as to
ngle with the ground-bait .• the Line muft not be
6 long as the Rod.
Let the Angler withdraw his Flie as he fliall find
t moft couvcnient and advantageous in his Angling.
A^hen he comes to deep Water f whofe motion is but
low) let him make his Line about two yards long,
nd dop his Fly behind aBuIh, and he (hall find incom.
)arable fport.
The way to make the belt Pafte , is to take a con-
renient quantity of frefli Butter, as much Sheeps-fuet
hat is irefli, a lufficient quantity of the ftroBgeft
"heefe can begotten, with the pithof anoldftale
/vhiteLoaf: Let allthefebe beaten in a Mortar till
:hey come to a perfect: pafte ; and when the Angler in-
:ends to fpend feme time in Angling Jet him put here-
)f the (quantity of a green Pea upon his Hook, and let
iim oblerve what pleafant effcfts it will produce.
An Angling SONG, '
COme Uy by all cares , and hang up allforrow^
Lei's u4ngle to dajy and ne're thinkjofto morrow ;
And by the Brook^fide m we Angle a long^
Wee I cheer up our f elves with our fport and a Song.
Sometimes on the Grafs gur fehes We will Uy^
Arid fee how the watery Citiz.ens play ^
Sometimes with a Flyfiand under a Tree ,
And choofe ont what Fifli our Captives jliall be :
Thpu void of all care we're more happy . then they
That fit upon Thrones and Kingdoms dofway\
For Scepters and Crowns dif^juiet Jiill brings
But the Man that's content is more blefithan a King.
Aa
76 €>f iffifttng.
^ »«->.■ :
■_\ _ ; r":;:'"» . ^^
■..■ . .'. •' \\-
.ri t<yy '■rq <-;
? ;:tar-v.,f ■.
'.'.1,;'..'
. ..J j;rj.r< .-■
' '
An Abftrapl of,fueh Penalv^^
: i'Jhlh
-r.i ^ ^tJ^Otn ti)^ Nativity of our Lady unto St
Martin's patu ^pMng/^almoits map not be tjeittop'J
nor taken, bp il^fts nor ottiet Engme£5, at 5ptU-pooh
from t^e miD)(t of April Urttil St. John Kaptlil. . Thf
Penalties you may Tee in the faid Statute at large.
I. Eliz. cap.' 17. i^onc fijall- tafee ano fetU ani
roung 515rooD, t>patDn, 00 ifrp of Eel0, Salmon
i^ifee, orang ottiep Sf\^h in anf Jflojo-gate, l^iped
t^e tail of a spjll; 2!?Ucar, or in anp S^tpaigtits
§)trcam0, llBrcofe^; Hitjers frefl) or falt» jpor.tai|ji
ur feill anp Salmons, or HDrouts not being in feafort
being Kipper S^almqns, or Hipper 2rroiit0, ^IjeODe.
^,*ilmon0, 0: ^l^eoser Crout0. . . *
II. i^one tljall tafeeoi* hill ai\p piUe or ^tcfeeri
not being in lengtl) ten incljcijiftil), no: Salmon no
being in lengtlj fifteen incl)C0 jfi'li, no: Slrout unDei
cigljt inches, nor 15arbel unucr tluelt3eincl)c0. . '• -
ill. ijione Wl taUe ififl; tuitt) anv manner o
^trammel, ic. in anp Hitjer 0: otlicr pla^ce0, but one
Ip toitlj jjiet or 2:rammel, iuljcrecf ctjcrp s^efi; 0
^n0j
iDf f (d&tng. 77
S^asfe %U be ttdo int^^B mn \ broati. ^ngfUngcK?
ccpteD.
, iV. ^etjett^clers t\}\s Statute aUoiu^ Smelts,
jy^oac^es, 5pinnoto0. burgeons, Eelcs, $c. to be tatien
bpiliet,|c. in fuc^plaeest* ano Cuc)^ tuajpsj^ Jereto^
fore ttiep^atieteen. r - '"/'.';'
V. 2El)cpenaltp for ebo;^ offence tsroo's* ano tbe
Jftflj To tafeeit, asalfo tlie Engine or SlJcbiefUj^a^o^
cber to'^eeebp tt)e offence ^jais contmittefi* ' .'."" r: .
5 Elizicap. 21. JJ one map fcp Dap or mggt breafe
Dotun, cut outj o.r Deftcop anpl^eatioclDam ofanp
JHJonDS, J^fDl0, ^potcs, ^c* iuliere anp JFilb fijall be
jjut in ovfioteo Uutbal.bp tbe owners tlierecf. jlioe
fl;aU £;ahCj iiitil, oi* S>teal atyav anv of tbe im if ifij in
t je faiD i^ouDg, $c. agairiff tje tbill of tbe 0kntti
22 6$: 23 Car. 2 cap. 2,f. ^t is not iaMiil jfot anu
perfon to ufe anp Ca(ting«^n^tj fj^ipf^njct) S^raiumeu
^liotje^nct, or otber jie^t ; -nor to ufe anp Siigjc, ^air>
j|ij3fe> ^peari or SC^roUil ; Jior to lap: anj? Jiiet3,
mUtaxs/^ots, ififlj^l)ooH0, or ct^er Engmesi j ^r to
tafee anp#i(b bp anp ot'^ei: means orptjebice^ lu^atfo'
eber, in'anp laiber, ^"cUJ^J^j^bno, ^^^^Qtcmm^^v mwia^
tcr j j^or be aiDtng or nCT^fting tljerevintor tott?)out tbc
iliccnfe or ronfcnt of t^eii^projir #to)fier,of ttie faio
?ii2itat£r. 0nD in cafe anr perfon be contict of anp of
t^efe £Dffencc0, liptjiisavbn ronfefflon, orbp^at|of
one fuH^cicnt eclUtacfs, tuitbin one monct^" after tbc
Offence be cominittcD, before anp iufttce of tbeii^^eace
of fucbCoimtpiUtmng, SDtbtftom or |3lace> iotjcrein
fucb becommittao; etjcrp fnctj perfon in SEafeing,
Stealing, qv MMing. S^idyiWifQV £Uxv iucy £DiTence
giDcto ttje i^artp ir^Barti^s gricuerscr injure-) fucb
recompcnce fsr tjts or tt)eir S:^nm:^gc0, ana tcitijui
fucb time 00 ttjcfaio BBufltce Ojall appoint, nctercetc^
ing treble 2?amagr0: i^no ober anDabcbe papDofen
prefcntlpimto tl;c ;©t3crfccis fcr t^e pair tolieve fnrb
£>ffcnrc5
79 €>f fffting*
SDffertce tis committeo, fuc^ fum of ,^oitepj wot t%^
ceeomgios.astlje faio 31 uft tee (ball tl^tnfe meet, ^m
f«oefaultofpawenti asaforeCtto, t^efame tobele^
Dieo bptjiltrefe of t^e^Senocrs (0ooijs, h^Mwtmt
unoer t|ie ^ano ano ^eal of fucl^ Slulttce before tol^om
tit ^©ffenuer fljall be cont)tcteij, tenojing t^e overplus,
ifaitpbe: ^no forluantoi 'iDi^ms t^e iDffenoer oc
£)ffenDei:0 fljallbe tommttteo to tlje^oufe of Correct!^
on, for fuc^ time aj5 tlie Suffice fiiaUtbtnfeftt, not t%^
cecoing one spont^, mUfs tlie partp ofif^notng ll^all
enter tnto iBono toitl) one competent s>urerp or S>ure^
ties to t^e partp tniureu, not eirceeoing ten pounoji,
netjer to offeno m liUe munnec.
IL • ano etjerp BluC^ice of j^eace, before to^om fucl^
£>ffentier fijaU be can^ct, mnv take, cut in pieces, ano
oeftrop all fuc^ angles, §>pear5 , ^airs, i^cofes ,
CrotDls, ?lI2aear0, ^ots, ^lib^^mKs, jl>.ets, or ot^er
Engines tobatfoeiier, to^eretoitb fuc^ j^DfEenoer as a*
forefaio fijall be tafeen or appre^enoeo*
IIL iiietert^elefs, anp perfon aggrtctjeo map ap^
pealtottieBlufticesof t^ei^eace in tt)ei;nert quarter
S>einonsj tD^o map git)e relief, anomaberHC^€)roer
tlierein as fijall be^agrecable to t^e Cenor of t^ts act :
iD^e ^roer therein fl)aU be final, if no title ofitanOx
Hopaltp, otififberp be therein concerneo.
J &^. Kr .>
FIJ^^'^'^^>^^^^-
The Hunter*
A VIS COVINS S of
HORSEMANSHIP:
Dire^ing
The right way to breed, keep, and train
a HORSE, for ordinary Hnnllng
and Plates,
OXFORD,
Printed by L, Vcbfield, Printer to rhe Univerfityj foi'
NlchoUi C/.v. 1/585.
C 1 3
The HUNTER
C H A p. I.
Hnming'Horfes in general, their Ex-
^ller2cy, attd the necejfjty and benefit
^ the Art of Keeping,
lallomittofpeak in praife of z^^^^^;^^ in gene.
I, fince I would avoid (^as much as raicrht be JRe-
pns, and that it is already done iit'tlie Begin-
thQ foregoing Book, vwith more Mdrefs than r
afierot But fince that Author hath fpoken
13 ot the Huming-Horfey which is a principal
«m of that Excellent i^fcr^^f,^^, { defire leave
ik^vpordm his Behalf. In Behalf, I fay of
)ble Creature, to whom all that are Followers
itingare oblig'd : fince it is by his Strength
fo^rthatwegratifieateafeour Eyes and Ears;
') the Pl^fures that Hnming affords ^ and with-
lofe Affiftance, a great part of us could enjov
tie morethan in Imagination,
tis not to us only, that are Hmtfmen^ but to
'kt»dj that the Hunter is (or may be) fervice-
Has our Pri7ice, or Country occafion for our
• in the Field : on what Horfe can we venture
'esmore fecnrely, thao on the Hunter} His
is to obey tht Hmd and Hcel^ equals him to the
4 €^t t^wntwtg''i)orfe»
Mannagd Horfe. His being usM to gallop on all
of Grounds, as well fteep places as deep Earths,
. fo fteeU his Courage, that he declines no Mtl
fervice you can put him on. - Arc there Jmbufc
to be laid, Dijco'veries to be made, fpeedy and
Marches to be perform'd j or any other Ser
wherein Strength of Body, Purity of Wind, or S
};efs, are requii'd ? The General may in any of
cafes rely on the Hunter, with as mnch Confid
as on the Horfe that'is dref'd in the Mannage.
In times oi Peace 'he is equally Ufeful, not on
"Tleafure, but alfo for Necejfity, and Profit,
diverting to the Eyes, is a Beautiful Horfe af
Packjof Dogs'i and with how much eafe to out
dies, and delight to our Minds, are we carried
them \ with fo much /^;^o«rand Fride to be difc
m\\h Countenance, as if he emulated the Hou^
their Speed, and was delirous to excel! them, :
Obedience to their common Lord.
\ How Necejfary is the Hunter beyond all other
fes, if his Adafiers urgent j^fairs (where either
Of Fortune are in hazard, ) exact the performar
a long Journey in a fijort Time. If his Maflcr, in
of Advantage, has matched him againlt any
Horfe ; how ready and willing is he, to perfor
Vtmojt that Nature is capable, of, or his Maflt
reafonably expeft fjoraHim ? aud having Art
to his natural Abilities, will not only exccll all
Horje% but accomplifli things beyortd his A
HopeSyOr ExpeRat ions', for without itsAffifta
Dieting and Exercife, no Hurfe C^n follow the H
or indeed undergo any other extreme Labour,
out hazarding the »«/m?^ hii Greafe, the breal
his Wind, Qv foundring him either in Feet, or Boc
which arc confcquences of immoderate Labou
Ignorance in this Art.
1 may therefore give you fome Light into its
;s, I fhaJl firll dtrect you how to breed fuch
lat may be for Training j or elfe inftrudl you,
erwifc to procure them. Secondly, how to
f Shapes^ ^ark^^ and other Tokens, what
ay be mofl convenient for your purpofe.
, how to diet him lb, that he may perform
s within his Power, without Danger. Laft-
t manner of Excrcije is moft conducive to
ign : and on thefe Heads \ intend to inlarge
>llowing Difcourfe.
efore I enter upon my SuhjeEl proposed, I
necellary to nnfwer Four Obje^ions that may
againfl this Art of Dieting and Training Hor^
I may remove all prejudice from the minds
, who think they may have Rep.fon to op-
and that I may vindicate ('with Truthj this
d clear it from all Afperfions.
rfl-Ohjefiion I fhall mention, is made by de
lis Epiftlc to the Reade", ' Edit'. 4th,) where
e Vmbrngeoflm Love to fJorfcs and in pity
riardfhips they undergo in Hunting, he ex-
inveighs againft it, as the Sourfe of all their
. But that I may not be tax'd of Prevarlca-
ly Reader, and for his fatisfadion I fhall fet
s Words, which arc thefe.
Nobility and Gentry of this our l(le of Great
did truly know how honourabltf^ and how com-
' Horfeman^np werei and how much they are
and admirdywho are the true Vrofeffors thereof.
Id labour more than they now do, to breed and to
d Horfes ; but it much troubleth me to fee, hoW
eem Gentlemen have thereof. Some Horfes they
ough not for Mannage, yet for Hunting : hut
nner of Hunting ? Fox-hunting forjooth^or Har-
ich be oi fleet as petty Grey-hounds, wherewith
4 Ci&c i^unting^l^otfe.
they do fo ntfich over^ftrain the [irength of thefe
HorfeSy (forcing them over deep Fa/lews^ tough
and wet and rough Sands^) that albeit thofe Hor
^rong and able, yet are they fo toil'd out therewitl ,
that when they come home at night they would fit ,
Heart of him that lovcth an Horje to fee them fo bem I
hloodedy fpHrred) lamentably Jpent, and tyred out ^ iv
/w iffuch Horjes had been ridden to the Great 5*
and Cannon^ they would irt^nitely have delighted all
that fjould have beheld them.
To this I anfwer, that for my own part I an
vei7 fond of Fox hunting-^ but I can fee no Rt
why Perfons of Honour fliould t\Ot graft fie their Fa;
with this Recreation^ fince from the beginning H<
v;ere made for the fervice of Man ^ and doubtlefs
their Recreation, as well as more neceflary Ufes.
I am very confident, that if Horfes be train'^d^di^
and r?V<aff«accoi ding to Art^ there will be left!
ground for this OhjeBion. Fc: by good Feeding Fi
npfs would be prevented , and by Airings and
Exercifey the Horfes Wind would be fo impro
that no moderate Labour would hurt him ^
though a Horlc by immoderate Ridings were red
td fuch Tragical Exigencies, as De Grey mentions.
by the Afiiltanc c of An Nature may be in Tvui
four hour i If xce fo reliev'd, that all thofe dange:
Symfi oms jliall be removd^ and all the Natural Facu
ad as formerly.
Now ns to the lall: part of his Argument^ I ap
to all thcrreateft AUflers of Academies here, c
Foreii^nParts-y whether ijj the Mannage, the 5
are not as much us'd, f not to fay more,; as in H
ing'y and the Duke of A^firc^yi^/f in his Afethode ]>
vellc in 8" p. 8 5. fays, tl nya foirt d Exerctfe fi
lent four les Chevaux que celuy de Mamge \ thai
There is no Exercife fo vieknt for Horfs as the M
na
vage ; fo that you fee Humiug is not the only violent
Exercife : and Salomon dv la Brove goes further in
his CavaUrife FroH^oifcf telling us, that Manna^d
Horfes fhould fometimes be us'd to the Chafe^ fince
hnming^Si^s his w/W, and brings him to a civil Ac"
^Hainta»ce with Other Horfes : inferring from hence,
that hunting procures to an Horfe trvo Benefits, viz.
Speed and Strength , and reforms in him tvoo Vices,
Salvagenefs and Refiivenefs.
Secondly, there are others, that though they may
approve of keeping their Horfes clean, yet are not
reconcil'd to humitig , but being either Admirers of
CoHrfingy or elfe keeping Horfes only for the benefit
oftheir /?f^/f^, and the taking the Air \ will not be
perfwaded, but that they can bring their Horfes to
the fame Perfeflion without huntings as with it.
To anfwer the firft of the(e, I mean Courfers ^ I
affirm, 'tis impoffible to attain the end of this Art by
that Means : for being obliged in fearch of their Game
to toiltheir Horfes all day, over deep Fallowsy in a
foot-pace only, they are likelier to bring their Hor-
fes to Wearinefs than PerfeUim.
And the fame Anfwer may ferve the Others Ukewile :
for /??W/«^aHorfe upand down the Field after no-
thmg, brings a Wearinefs and Diflik? to an Horfe in
his Exercife^ through his Ignorance of the Time,
when his Labour fliall ceafe ^ whether, or to what
End he isfo laboured. Whereas on the contrary, an
Horfe naturally takes delight in follcwing the Dogty
and feems pleas'd with their Mnfick.-, as is evident by
his pricking up his Earf^ g^^ing on them, ' and preffing
to ^(rallop towards them, when ever he hears them in
fuiicry^ (^though at a diftance.) Nay further, 1 have
been A^afher of a Stonehorfe^ that fo entirely lov'd the
Hounds^ that when at any time ('through eagernefs
of Sport, and defire to fave the Hare from being
eat«»
6 Cfte f uttting'-l^otfe.
eaten) I have rid in amongft the Dogs, he Would
fo carefully avoid treading on them, that he has
more than once hazarded my Limbs (by making a
fdlfefiep) to (^AVQ theirs. From hence I infer, that
doubtlefs Horfes extreamly delight in huntings and
confequently, that it is a fit Exerctfe for them.
Thir ily , Others Obiecft, That what foever Flea-
fure there may be in iiaming , they had rather deny
themfelvesthatfatisfadion than hazard the Laming
their Horfes^ which, ^.asthey are t.ld; few,or no Hm-
ters efcape.
That Hunters are fomotifnes Lame^ I do not deny .•
but cannot aliow, that it proceeds alwaies from this
I.xtrcife* For'tis the Indifcretion of the Riders, in <^-
'verfixainmg their Horfes at LeapSy and by that m«;anes,
fometimes clapping them on the backzfneWf^ catching in
their- fijoos, and fuch like, and not the Sporty that is the
caufe of Lamencfs. But on the contrary , I will un-
dertake to fhew any man Twenty other Horfes lame
(which never knew what belonged to Hunting) for
One Hunter. There are feveral other Reasons belides
Hunting to be given for Lawenefs •, as for Inftance.
Much Travel ' though but moderate , if care be want-
ing) will produce iF/W-^^Z/j, and Splints^ which are
the fore-v uimeis of Lanienefs. Want of Exercife will
firr^.Uen the Hoofs., and dry up the f news \ and too much
negligence in Travail occalions Siirhating^ Foundring^
and G; availing. Horfes ©n the Road oftentimes
fiumble, and now and thcn/^//, and fo become Lame»
Nri , ^Slip, or an Ot/^r-re-^c/j are as incident to the
J'ad^ as to the Hunter. And to conclude, the Horfe
that is Drefsdy is nioie liable to a Strain in the Back:,
4md Fillets^ thm the Hunter ^ by meanes of his jhort-
turns: ib thiit you may perceive that Lamifiefs is £-
fidemical ^ .md chcreloie no more to be objected a-
^smii Huntii^g-Horfes^, tjian the reft of that Species. ,
fourth-
Fourthly, Some again are Enemies to this Art of
DyetingHorfes in f articular : affirming, that fuch exa[i
Diet makes them tender , fickly, and takes them off
their Stomach: and that the Charges are not only-
great, but likewife unnccefiary.
TotheFrV/ part o{ this Obie^ion, I anrwer,that
an Horfe isfo far from being made tender , or lofing
his Appetite, by fuch extrcam and feveral Feedings,
if he have proportionate Exercife, that it rather in-
ures him to hardfhip. For much Labour (K not too
violent) either in Manor Beafi^ inftead of weakning
the Ssemack, and caufing Sick^iefsj does rather advance
the Appetite ^nd prefervehis Health-^ and it may be
obferved, that it doth oftner heighten than decay,
the Stomack. In like manner moderate Airings pu-
rify his Wind , and both together render hiip Hial-
thy, and fit for Service.
As to the feveral forts of Food, we fhall prove in
thelequel, that every part of it is both nourifliing,
and natural to all Horfes Conftitutions ^ fo that con- •
requenrly,tis not only allowable, but neceOary : An.d
to prove this, needs no more ^ than to ride an ordi-
nary Horfe drawn fleafj, a days HHnting-.OX three HcatSy
3nd zCourfe, againft the beltof thofe Horfes, which
^re kept by fuch Perfons who think that halt a Peck a
Day, and fetching his water at the next Spring is
fivrjemanfljtp i'uffic'iQnt -^ and they wil! find by keep-
ing and Exercife, the Ordinary Horfe will become long
winded, 2nd fiick^ at Afarh^: when the other that is
Fo/^/-/f^, and fat , will foon give out , for want of
Wind ^ cr otherwife if he be hardy wiil dy undtr
iheSpiir-^ whereas if the untrained Horfe had been
rightly ordered he would have worfted Twenty fuch
Horfes.
Now to the Charges of Keeping ^ Fifty ShllUngi a
Tear dXshms'd ior Breads befidesZ/.^; , Strfi^M^ ^ Co>7i
ai d
8 jac]^e^ttntfng^]^t:fe.
and Phyfick.^ ('which all Horfes ofValne mufl: be allovy-
edj is all that will be requi(ite,to keep an Horfe in
as good State for Ordinary Hunting , as any Horfc
whatfoever. Laftly by being Skilful in the^rtof
Keeping , this Advantage will infue ^ that no Difttm-
per relating either to the Head or Body can conceal
themfelvcs from his keepers knowledge, whofe Skill
will inform him , how to put a flop to them, before
they have made any confiderable Advances to the
Horfes Prejudice. And he that grudges fo fmall an
Expence on fo noble and ufeful a Creature as an
Horfe is , defervcs never to come on the back of
one.
CHAP. 11.
Of Breedings the Choice of a Stallion, and
Mares, ivith fome general Kemarl^s
on Marf^i' and Colour s*
Since Creation and Generation preceeded the Art
of Ridings and that the firfl thing which is of
Courfeto be treated of, is the Choice of an Horfe fit
for this exercifeof Hunting, I fliall fpeak fomthing
curforily of the Art oi Breedwgy before 1 treat of the
Hunter ready for fervice. To them therefore that
havegroundsconvcnienffor 5rf^<j!, Ifiiall diredthis
part of my difcourfe; and lay them down fome few
Rules that may be ferviceable to them, though I fhall
be as brief as poHible , and refer them to Markhaw^
tie Cirey^ Mor<Tan^ Almond^ and Facing Compleated,
r which is collected from the forementioned Authors
A'ftirkJpam
Markham and de Grey ) all which have treated of the
Art o( Breeding more at Jarge.
Firft therefore 1 wonJd advile you to buy either an
Arahian Horfe (if you can procure him,) a Spamard^ a
Turkj, or a Barb, for ]?our Stallion, that is well Jhafdy
of a good Co/<7«r to beautify your Race, and well
markld^ to agree with molt iner.s Opinions -, though
otherwife they are not fo (ignificative as Mr. Bhinde-
•vile, and his- Italian Autbor Frederigo Grijfofie, would
have us believe.
To^begin with the Arabian -, Merchants, and other
Gentlemen that have traveii'd thofe parts, report,
that the right yJrabians are valuM at an incredible, as
well as an ifttolerabje Rate ^ being ppiz'd a( Five
hundred, others lay at o;?r, tvpo, and three thoufand
Pounds an Horfe •, that the Arabs are as careful of
keeping the Genealogies of their Horfes, as Princes in
keeping their Pedigrees -, that they keep them with
Medals; 2.nd that each Son's Portion is ufually two
Suits of Arms^twoCymetcrs, and o«<? of thefe HorfeS.
The Arabs boaft, that they will ride fourfcore miles a
dav, without drawing Bitt : which has been per-
form'd by feveral of our EngUjh Horfes» But much
more was atchiev'd by an Highway-man's Horie -^
who hj^ving taken a Booty, on the jatni day rode him
from London to Torh^, being One hundred and Fifty
Miles. Nocwithllanding their great value, and the
difficulty in brieging them from Scanderoan to Eng^
land by Se,i ; yet by the care, and at the charge of
fome Breeders in the North, the Arabian Horfe is no
ftranger to thofe parts ; where Perfons who have the
curiofjty, may fas I prefume) at this Day lee fome of
the Race, if not a true Arabian Stallion.
The Spanijlj Horie (according to the Duke of Neve-
caftle) is the Noblefl Horfe in the world, and the moft
Beautiful that can be , no Horfe is fo curioiilly Ihap'd
all
all over fromH^^^ to Croups and he is abfolutely the
heft^ Stallion in the world, whether you defign vour
Breed for the Marjfja^e, the PT^r, the Pddy Humng,
or for Running Horfes. But as he is excellent, fo he
wants not for price, Three or Four hundred Pifiols
being a common Rate for a Spa?jijh Horfe. Several
have been fold for Seven hundred^ Eight hundred, and
a thoufand P ijh Is 2 ])iccQ j and One particular Horfe,
called el Bravo, that was fent to the Arch-Duke Leo-
fold, was held worth as much as a Mannour of a
Thoufand Crowns a year. The belt SpanijI) Horfes are
bred in Aidalouz^ia, and particularly at Cordova^
where the King has many Studds of Afares, and fo
havefeveral of the Spanijh Nobility and Gencry. Now
befides the great price at i}i ft, the Charges of the
Journey irom Spain to England will be vcry confldera-
ble: for firft, he muft travel from Andahuzja to
Bilho, or St '>ehaflien, the neereft Ports to England,
andisatleaft Four hundred Miles : and in that hot
Country you cannot with fafety travel your Horfe
above twefny iMiles a day , then there is the Expcnce
of your Groom and Farrier, belides the cafualty of
Lamcnefs, Sicl^efs, and Death : fo that though he do
pro\x an Extraordinary good Hovfc, by that time he
arrives at your owrt home he will likewife be an £.v-
traordinary dtar onQ.
The Turk}?' little inferior to the Spanijlj Horfe in
Beauty, but fomewhat odd-flwp'd, his head being
fomewhat like that of a Camel: He hath excellent
Eyes, a thin Neck excellently rifen, and fomewhat
large of body : his Croup is like that of a /Ufule ; his
Legs not fo under limb' dzs thofe of the Barb, but very
fhewy, good PaslerNs,?r\6 good FJoofs : They never'
amblc,huttrot vGvywcW: and are accounted at this
prcfent ])etter Sta'lions for Gallopers than Barbs, as
when I come to fpcalv of them) I ihall fliew.
Some
Some- Merchants affirm, that there cannot be ^
more noble and divertive fight to a Lover of Horfes,
than to Walk into the Failures near Confiamine^le^ a-
bout Soyling-time-i where he may fee many hundred
gallant Horles tethred^ and every Horie has his At*
tendmt or Keefer^ with his little Tent (plac*d near
bim) to lie in, that he may look to him, and take
care to pnft him to frefli Grafs, as occafion requires.
The Price of a Turk is commonly One hundred or
One hundred and Fifty Pounds a Horfe, and when
boughttis difficult to get a Pafs'^ the Grand Segmor
being fo very ftrid, that He feldom Tbut upon ex-
iraordinary oecafions) permits any of his Horfes to
hQexforted\{i% Dominions. But if (when obtained)
you travel by Land^ without a Turkov two for your
Convoy you will be fure to have them feiz'd on by the
way. 1 hen, as in the former, fo here,- you will find
the fame difficulties of a hng Journey, ( for you muffc
come through Germany^ which is a long way,) aud
the fame charges attending it, I mean your Groom^Liid
Farrier who mnft be careful that they entruil no
Perfons whatfoever with the care ofhim, but them.-
lelves, efpecially mfhooing o^hm : For tis the com-
mon practice beyond Sea, (as well as here ) where
they difcover a fne Horfe, to hire a Farrier to friik^
him, that they may buy him for a Stallion.
But feme People chufe to buy Horfes at Smyrna \\\
Anatolia^ and from thence^ as liktwife from Conflafi-
tinople^ tranf port them to England by Sea ^ which,
ifthe Wind ferve rights arrive in England in a month^
though generally the /l/f re W;?j make their Voyages
little lefs than a Ouarter of a year.
The Barb is little inferior to any of the former in
heainy, only lie is accounted by our Modern Breeder^
too (lender and Lady-lih^ to breed On : and therefore in
the North, at this inltant, they prefer thQ ^fanif,}
Horfe
1 1 €^]^e l^untf ns^]^orfe.
Horfe and T«ri^before him. He is fo lazy and ne-
gligent in his w/ilk,^ that he will jtumhle on Carpet^
groHnd. His TrtJf is like that of a Gow , his Gallo]^
Jow, and with much eafe to himfelf. But he is for
the moft part/iwi^)', and nervous^ excellently winded^
and good for a Cottrfe^ if he be not over-weighted^
The Momtain-Barbs are accounted the bell, be-
caufethey are the ftrongeft and largeft. They be-
long to the w4//<«r^ffj, who value them as muchthem-
felves, as they are priz'd by any other Nations, and
therefore they will not part with them to any Per-
fonsexceptto the Pr/««of ?/7f Band to which they
belong ^ whp can at any time, at his pleafure, com-
mand therafor his own ufe. But for the other more
ordinary fort, they are to be met with pretty com-
mon, in the hands of feveralof our Nobility and Gen-
try^ or if you fend into Languedoc and Provence in
France^ they may be there bought for forty or fifty
P iflols 2L Hovk- Or if you will fend into Barbary^
you may have one for Thirty Pomdsy or thereabouts
But here too tbe charges and journey will be great \
tor though from Tnnis to Marfelles in France be no
great Voyage, yet from Marfelles to CalUis by Land
meafures the length of all France^ and from thence
they are fhipt for England^
The next thing of courfe to be treated of, is the
choice of your A/'^r^/, and thefitteft Mare to breed
out of, according to the Duke of Newcafile's opinion,
is one that has been bred of an EngUflj Mare^ and a
S?4///o«of cither of thefe Races; but if fuch a Mare
be not to be got, then make choice of a right bred
Englifh Mare by Sire and Dam^ that is well fore-hand-
td^ well underlaid^ and ftrong ]nit together in general j
and in particular, fee that (he hnvca /^^« Heady wide
Noflrilsy open Chml^ a big Wcafand, and the Windpipe
firaight ind loofe^^nd chufe her about five or /a; year
old.
oW, and be fure that the Stallion be not too old.
Now for theF<;(?^of the Stallion, I would have you
keep him as high as pofsible for fonr or ^i/e months
before the time of Co<i;m>?^, vjith old cUan'Oats^ and
"flit Beans^ well hnlCd ; to which you may add, if
/ou pleafe, Bread^ ^fuch as in this Book /hall be here-
merdireded) and now and then, for variety, you
may give him an handful of clean Wheat, or Oats wafht
in ftrong Ale; but as for Bay. fait ^ and u4mifeeds^
which Mr. Morgati, in his PerfeEitm of h .rfemanfhip,
idviles Ihould be icatter'd amongfl his Provender
[hold them fuperfluouswhilft the Horfe is in health'
)ut be fure let him have plenty of good oldfmet Hay\
Ti^\ cleanfed from Dult, and good Wheat-ftraw ro
leon ^ and let him be watred twice every day at
x)me fair running Spring, or elfe a clear ftaiiding
^ond- water (where the other is not to be hadj near
ome Meadovo or level piece of Ground, where you
nay gallop him after he hath drunk. When you
laye brought him to the water, do not fufFer him to
Irink his Fill at the firfl-, but after he has taken his
irft draught, gallop and fcope him up and down a
ittle to warm it,aiid then bring him to the water a-
jcim, andlet him drink what he pleafe, and after that
jallop him as you did before, never leaving the Wa-
er till you find he will drink no more. By this
aeans you will prevent raw Crudities, which the
roldnefs of the Water would produce to the detri-
nent of the Stomach, if you had permitted him to .
l-nnk his m at firft^ whereas you allowing him his
111 (though by degrees) at laft, you keep hisBodv
torn drying too fait. And thi^ I take to be much
)5tter for your Horfes than (according to the fore-
ited Morgan) to incourage his Water with Whitewine,
■0 qualifie the cold quality thereof: for Nature it felf
s the bdl DtreUrffs for the expuI0on of her £ner>nes,
efpe.
14 €:]^e "^nntinz^Qtft^
efpecially iu Brutes, where ufually fhe can command
the Jppetite : and therefore I efteem his own mnral,
heatjorwarmmg his water, to be better than that
which proceeds from any other. Now as to Mor^
^^«'s Direaion oi Sweating him every day early in-
the Mormng, which he fays will not only perfect d.f..
' eeftion and exhauft the moifture from his Seed, but
<- alfo ftrengthen and cleanfe his B ood and Body fro oi
all raw and imperfea humors-, I am of opinion twill
both dry up the radical Motfiure too faftvand like-
wife inftead of heightning his Pride and Luft, (which
he alledges, ) weaken him too much. Other Rules
mi2ht be given as to the ordering of them after Wa^
f^rTandthe Ihurs of Feedmg, with the qa^Mmy^c.
but thefi will be fitter to be handled in another place,
and therefore no more of them here. , , ^.
Now when your 5M/ta is in Luft, and the Time
for CcveriHK is come, which is beft to be in May that
the Poles H^y fall in /pn7 following, otherwiie tney
will have little or no e-r^/s if they Hiould h^jut t9
aether (according to lidarhham's opinion) in the ;»..^r
Me 0^ March, tho he holds that one Pole ff^ngti.^
March is worth twofallwg tnMay, " becaufe (^faitt
^ he) he poifefleth, as it were, two Winters m a year;
^ and is thereby fo hardened , that nothing can al
* moft after impair him. The time I fay being come
topiitYOurSfW//o« ana Tkf^m together, pu 1 ott hif
hinder \hocs, and lead him to the place where the
^Uidol Mares are, which you intend for covenng,
v'hich place ought to be clofe well jem d, and in itj
litt'e tiHtt for a Man to lie in, and a larger S/W wlt^
a Manner to feed your Stallion with Bread and L^om,
during his Abode with the Mares, and to flielterhm
inthiheatofthe Day and in Rainy weather and thii
Clofe ought to be of fulTicient Urgemfs to keep youi
Mares well for two months. ^^fon
" Before you pull offhis Bridle, let him cover a Mare
>t two iff hand, then turn him loofe amongft them,
md put all your Mares to him, as well thofe which are
vith Foale, as thole which are not, for there is no
Janger in it ; and by that means they will all be (erv'd
n their height ofLufi^ and according to the imemion
f Nature. When your Stallion has covered them
mce, he tries them all over again, and thofe which
vill admit him he/^rw^- and when his bufinefs
s finifh'd, hQ heats the Pale, and attempts to be at L/-
*erty ; which when your Man finds, ('who is Night
ind Daytoobferve them, and to take care that no
)ther Mares are put to your Horle, and to give yon
m Account, which take the horfe, and vphich not, ^c.)
et him be taken up, and let him be well kept as before ;
>nly you may at the firft give him a good Majlj or
:wc, to help to reftore Nature^ for you will find him
lothing but Shjn and Bones, and his Mane and Tail
mil rot off. Be fure give him never above Ten or
fwehe Mares in ^Seafon, at moll; otherwife you
A^ill fcarce recover him againft the next Years Cover^
ng-time.
When vour Stallion is pdH: this nfe, then buy ano •
:her •, but be fure never make ufe of a Horfe of your
)wn Breed,for by fo doing the Best Kind would in
:ime degenerate : but you cannot do better (the
Duke o{ Newcajlle fays) than to let your own Mares be
:over'd by their 5Jrf,forCaccordingto his own words
md opinion) there is no Jmefl in Uorfes : and by this
neans they are nearer one degree to the Purity and
■iead of the Fountain, from which they are deriv'd,
ince a fine Horfe got them, and ZhQ fame fine Horfe
:overs\\\tm again.
Now though the Buke ofNewcaslU affirms this to
3e the true way for covering Mares, alledging that
Mature is wifer than Art in the y^ci of Generation, and
B that
i6 €^]^e l^unting'4)orre.
that by this way, of a doz^en Mares he dare affrm
that ma (hall not fail\ yet it may not correfpond
with the Inter eU of ['om^ frivate Getulemm. who turn
Breeders for Profit as well as Pleafitre; for a good StaL
lion bearing fuch an extraordinary rate , and they
having but One, have reafbn to be cautions, to avoid
as much as can be all hazardous Experiments ^ which
( with fubmiffion to the Dukes Judgment^ this ic
fomc cafes may prove. For firft, there have been Hor-
fes of great fpirit, that have kjl^'d tliemfelves througt
excefs of Lnfl-y being left to range at their liberty •, and
thofe that have been confin'd to an Enclofureyh a fekifl
number of Mares, have yet in one Weeks fpace fc
Weaken'd Nature^ that not above half the Mares hav(
held. Secondly, feme Mares are of fo hot a con
ftitution of Nature, and their Lnfi fo violent, that i: j
they are permitted to run long with the Horfe, aftei
they have conceived, will (if they be hi^h in fle(l) an(
luflyj defire the Horfe again, which generally hazard
the Lofs of the Emhrio they go with.
To prevent therefore thele Inconveniences, I fhal
lay you down an other Method fas briefly as ma;
be,J which is called CO wrmj^ in hand, as the forme
is generally term'do;/ft>//74«^, and the way is this
'VIZ.. when you have brought both your Horfe an(
Mare to as proper condition for Breed by j4r
&nd good feeding, then let fome ordinary Stond\
Nag by her for a day or two to wooe her, and b;
that means Ihe will be fo prone to L«i?, that flie wi
readily receive your Stallion; which you fliouId/?r<
fent to her either early in a Alorning, or late in zuEve
ningy for a day or two together , and let \{imcove
her in hafid once, or twicc if you pleafc, at each time
obferving always to give the Horfe the advantage i
Ground, and that you have fomc one ready with ,
THi'f^s of cold water to throw on the Mare's Sha^e
iffl
immediately on the ^//wo//»r/;7f of the Horfe, which
iviil make her retain the Seed received the better
sfpecially if you get on her back-, and trot her about
1 quarter of an Hours fpact , but in any cafe have a
ZTiiQQi heatings ov firnifiwg her : and it wiu not be
imifs, if afttr every fuch aft you let them fafi two
Hours, and then give each of them a warm Maflj ^ and
:is odds but this way your Mares may be as }NeilJ}rv'*d
IS the other, and yet your St allien will JaJf]- you much
longer.
_ I fhall fay no more as to the keefing the Mares do-
ing the time of their being with Foale^ nor of their
"oaling ^ only this , that if you take care to houfe
;hem all the Wmer^ and to keep them well, thei**
lolts will prove the better. When they are foaled
et them r/f« with their Dams tiW Mart in^majs, thei!
vean them, and keep them in a convenient Houfe^
vith a low ^4c^and Manger on purpofe •, litter them
veil, and /ffd/ them with good Hay^ and Oan and
Vheat-bran mix'd, which will make them drin^, and
elly well. The firfl year you may put them all toge.
her, but afterwards they muft be feparatcd, the
\tone-Colts from the Filltes j and if you have choice
>f Houfes, you may put Tearings together, Two ye^^rs
/^together, and fo three years old to^tth^x^ for
heir better fatisfaftion and agreement^ as little Ch-.i
Ven befl agree together.
In a warm fair Day you may grant them liberty to
««and/(7(?/?cinfomefw/t/f^ Conrtor Back-fide, but
'6 fure to take care to put them up again carefully^ ' that
he^/ be not hurt. When Summer is come, and'therc
5 plenty of Grafs, put them out in Tome dry Ground^
hat hath convenient xvatring^ and fo let them nm- till
Idartinmaf again : then houfe them as before, and
rder them in ail points as older Horfes, till they are
ill Five years eld, then take them up for Toed and aU
^ - an^3-
i8 '^iit "^ntitim^otlt'
and let your Groom ^^c^^tbem if he have -^W orelfe
forae m^l Rider. You may if you pleafe )uft break,
your FilL at 7myearsa>id half old, and let them be
levered at Three j and by that means they will b e fo
tame and gentle, as not to injure themlelves or their
Foals. But in cafe of fck^ejj, or any accidental cala-
may,^sLamemfs,^c. you mult then commit them
to the Farrier s Care. r c u
The realbn why 1 propofc the Honfri^ o[ them e-
verv Winter, with dry Feeding and Lodging, is, that
thev may be the /^ilvr their S/rtr in Beamy and bhape
For the prtr^ary Caufe of the fir^cncfs o( Shape and
Beauty in Horrcs is Meat, and dry Feeding. And thi!
is prov'd from the feveral Haccs we baye already meir
tioned, vrz.. the Spamfl, Horfe , Barh, and T/zr^j?
Hor'e, all which Countreys are under an ^^i,^"'
mate, and by confequence afford //ff/^ Grajs: Ihere.
fore in our more moderate and cold Countries we an
to^mNaturehy Art, and to fupply tlie want o
Heat by v^arm Houfing, and dry FeecHng. 1 his is eaU
Iv made evident by £;^^wf/^. For take nv<j O/ri be
potbythePm^S/Vc, on Marcs of ^^«^/ Beauty, anc
hoHfe the one every Winter, and feed him as direftcd
andexpofe the Other, till they ^^z Four years old
andfittobeK-^ck'd: and you fh^U hnd the^rm.
JiKehisS/V^inall refpeds , and the other fitter to
the C^rr than Himtwo;, as being ^dull, heavy^fiabhy
tearce animated (Aod; and all this proceeds from th
Fhmtdtty of the Air and Earth. From hence yo
may infer, that tis not only Generyttton, bivt, as 1 ma
term it, Edneation, that makes a cempUat Horlc ; an
f uch yours will be, if yo« order them according to tt
ioxmcv DireBtons -^ for yon may witheale ^r.^^t
Colt that is by fuch good management made gentl
and Wf^^^c^^ to your hand. ^ ..„,,,„ t I,
But 1 have dwelt longer on this Subject than i n
tended, my buHncfs bcingcbieflv to mfoim the 6> ..
(not the Mafler) what belong'd to his Office ; and
therefore I will wander no further from my purpofe,
but leave it to the Rider to follow his own Method
in rendring Colts fit for his MaHers Service : whilft I
give fomeifewDiredions to thofe Gentlemen who will
not bellow either trouble or charges on Breeding,
or have the Pr;7/but not the Convenience to do it, how
to eled an Horfe fit for this Exercije.
The way for a Gentleman to fHrmjh himfelf with an
Horfe, that may be worth training for Hunting, is ei-
ther to enquire out fome f2oted Breeder (of which there
are many in the North,) or elfe to go to fome famous
Fair, as Malton and Rif^on Fairs in Tork^(ljire, the
former held on the 23. day of September yearlv,
and the latter on May day: Or to Richmonds inthc
fame Shire, (which, as 1 am informed, does now of
late ■, ears exceed both the fore-mention'd, being fcitu-
rf^^inthe mi.idlcof the moft celebrated p/irt of the
breeding Conntry ; ) its Fairs are held in Eafier wec\,
and at Rood tyde. Northampton h^isi^ey^r^l Fairs in the
year likewile, as on the 2 3. day of j4pril, the Sth. of
September, I'jth. of November, with feveral others.
There are feveral other Fairs , as Lent on-Fair in Not-
inghamjlnre , Pankj'idg-Fair in Staff^ord(J]ire , &C.
which for brevities fake I omit. At any of thefe
places he may make choice of a I^orfe, which as near
as can be ought to have thefe following Shapes: \iz.
His Head ought to be lean, large, and long ; his
Chanl thin, and open ; his Ears fmall, and pricked ,
or if they be fomewhac long, provided they ftand up-
right like thofe of a Foa-, it is ufuallya fign ofMettlc
and Toughnefs His Forehead long and broad, not
flat, and as we term it Mare-facd, but riling in the
midfllike that of a Hare, thQ Feather being plac'd a.
bove the Top of his Eye , the contrary being thought
by ferae to betoken blindnefs. His Eyes full, large,
B 3 and
70 Ci^e ^uxiiiw^^^tiz.
and bright •, his Ntfirils wide, and red within, for aiii
cpenNoftrilhQtokQWSZ good Wind '^ his Mouth large J
deep in the i^yksii and hairy; His Thropple, Weafandy '
or W'mdpfe^ big, loofc, and ftreight when he is rein'd
in by the Bridle ; for if, when he bridles, it bends
in like a Bow, (which is called Cockjthropfled ) it very
Jtiuch hinders the free paflage of his Wind. His Head
mull be fo fet on to his Neck , that there mnft be a
fpace felt between his Neck_^nd his Chaul j for to be
Bu/l')2ecfCdh uncomely to fight,and prejudicial to the
Horfes mW, as aforefaid. His Crefi fhould be firm,
thin^ and well rifen ; his Neck, long, and ftraight, yet
not loofe, and pliant, which the Northem-men term
lVithy-craa£d'^ his Breafi ftrong , and broad ; his
Chefl; deep, his Chine fliort, his Body large, and clofe
lliut up to the hlucklebone ; his Ribbs round like a
Barrel, his Belly being hid within them. His Fillets
Jarge, his Buttockj rather oval than broad being well
iet dow7 to the Gafcoins. His C/sw^r^/i upright, and
not bending, which is called by fome fckle-hfingb'dy
though Ibme hold it a fign of Toughnefs and Speed.
His Lc^s clean, fiat, and ftreight. His Joyms ihon,
well knit, and upright, efpecially betwixt the P^/?-
horr2s and the Hoof^ having but little Hair on his Fet'
locks. His Hoofs bkxk, ftrong, and hollow, and ra-
ther long and narrow, than big and flat. And laftly,
his A<fiii?i and T<^// flioiild be long,and thin rather than
thick, which is counted by fbme a Tnark,ot Ddnefs.
ksiohis Colour znd Marks', I rather incline to be-
lieve them grateful to the Eye^ , than any infallible In^
dcxes ot Goodncfs ; for as the Goodnefs or Badncfs of a
Man docs not confift in his Ccfuplexjo^^ but in his in-
ward Fcrtues^ fo neither do Colour or Marks certain-
ly demonitrate the GoodKcJs or Badncfs of an Horfe,
becaufe his ^qualifications proceed from his inward
4)ispofuion. i3ut yet I wholly diUcnt from the opi-
nion
nionof Mr. Morgan, p 3 J. who hoJds, That O.W
^^ and A^rkjatQ no mocQ aiiurance of a eW ^../i
« than the having a Feather in a Mans f.W doc-^ pr4i
'him a^(;c?^,l/^«ora^4^i inferring thr^t ^^he^em
Colours are of no greater Eminemy or /^^'r^e than
thole m<?r«^/ ones are which may be taken or 'laid a.
iide :at a man's own will and pleafure
Now I fay, thataltho Mar^s and Colour do not
abfolutely give teftimony unto us of a H.rfes ^oodnefs
IVt^^lr^'f- '' ^''^J'^' ^^ ^'"^'"'^^^ f ^ "^in fomi
part his Dtjpofmon and i^ualities- For A^.??«rr, not be-
ing defedtiye frames every part of the fame matter
whereof the whole is formed , and therefore theFte-
r/« being formed of the copulative Seed of its Stre
and Dam does from them derive as well the acci-
dental as the more ejfential Qualities of its tempera-
ment and compolltion. And for this Reafon Uair
It felf may often times receive the variation of its
C.W from the different temperature of the Subjed:
out of which It is produced. And to confirm this
I dare pafs my word, that wherever you fhall meet
with ^nUorfe that hath nowhtte about him ef-
nf'.lfJh^i?^'' i^-.-W, though he be othei'wife
of the beft reputed Colours, as Bay, Blacky, Sorrel &c '
That Horfe I dare affirm to be of a dogaed ,nd full
lend^fiofmon-, efpecially if he havea fmallp../,£y'
and a narrow Face , wjth a Nofc bending like a nik^
But yet I am not pofitive, that Horfes even of the
mo^ celebrated Colours, /nd Ma-ks anfwerable do
always prove the /..y? • becaufe 1 haveieen tho^Hor
fes worfted by Others, whofe Marl^ and C^W have'
tne ».nee. But I rather attribute the Caufe thereof
tothe4w..c. of the RUer, that had the /.^I?'^
^4 of
of thofe belt marked Horfes , than to any defedl
in Nature 'j {or Nature is no Counterfeit , as ^rf
often is , to make a thing fhew to the Eye, con-
trary to what it is in reality. And therefore
as I would not have men put too great Confi-
dence in Marks and Colours j fo I would not have
them tfteemed of fo lightly, as the former com-
pnrifon of Mi. A/i??x4«j would make them j for it
is aconftantand infcpa.able quality tor Horfes to
poduce H<^ir , which is given them by Nature
as a Tegument and Defence againft the Cold :
and if it be fljaved <#, galled , or any waies elfe
removed or taken away , yet it will grow again ;
but a Feather may be put to , or taken from a
Mans Hdc at his p'eafure.
Therefore fince Colour feemeth to fet forth the
.Beauty of nn Horfe, you may for Ornament lake
and to pkale your Eye, make choice of an Horfe
that is eiuier a Brown-Bay^ Dapple-Bay^ Blacky, Sad"
Chef nut with Flaxen Main and Tail , fo that they
h^ve either n White Star ^ hlane ^ oi Snip ^ with a
V,'hiteFoot\ Vipple - Grey •, or White J, yard with
Blacky Mnzz/e, £ve,apa Ear. Any ofthefe are repu-
ted by moft men to give a Grace to fjape ^ tho
in ttiemfelves they are no perfe^ figns of Good-
ness.
Bur for his intntial Endowments, they are more
mater-cjl , and theufore take care that he by Na-
ture be of a Cemh Diipofition , to his Keeper
tr4Fii7h:e .'id ^icciit free from thofe ill Qualities
oi i^i'^ng, Striking, Reitiffiiefs, Lying down
in tli» W-'.'T.i , S^aiting, Running away with his
Rider, ' )u..^n^ Leaping, d^c. Not but that wo/7,
if vT-t all iiitfe /// hrbits mf.y beredified by Arf,
Ff.. Ex xrience has (>twn us, that Horfes which
have liOL ttcn cf luch a perfect Natural Compo-
fition.
fition , as might be defired , have yet been tem-
pered by Art , and have not only been reclaimed
from their vicious Habits , but have been likewife
brought to great performance in Heats ^ as well
as Hunting , as I could Inftance in feveral if it were
neceflary.
And therefore finc€ ^n was invented to pcr^
fedt Nature'^ if C notwithftanding your^care j you
have met with a Hor^e fubjed to any of thefe ilJ
Qualities aforefaid , you muft fearch into the caufes
of it, which -^rf will help^ you to difcoverand re-
move : and then the Cauje being taken away , the
BffeB will ceaje. So that probably , contrary to
moll peoples Opinions a Viciom Horfe , by good
management and Government may be brought to
excell an Borfe that has a better Reputation and
Fame in the judgment of the generality of Horfe-,
men.
i 1'^-: ■ ^:li j^gn;./:.. ; ifi :irfi b .:.
CHJT.
24 <!Cfte ^untim^otu.
■ ■:. . ■ (i^'xl yino j'.Mi e ^ . uv V'.; \j\> ■
ii- . - C H A P4 IIL ot nrl^r'
Of the Age a Hunter jljould be of hefore
he be pHt to Hunting ; of the Stable ,
and Greom , and of the Horfe^s prU,
taking up front Grafs ^ in order to^ his
■further Dieting. vi^fV, , V
HAving gotten a Horfe anfwerable either to the
former Defcriptions, or your own Satisfadioa
atleaft, lamtofuppore that by a skilful Rider ht is
already grounded in the Fundamentals of this An ,
by being taught fuch Obedsence , as that he will rea-
dily anlwer to the Horfeman's Help and CorreBiom
both of the Bridle^ the Hand ^ the P^olce ^ the calf
of the Lf^,andthe Spnr ^ that he can tell how to take
his way forward , and hath gained a true temper of
Mouth, and a right placing of his Head , and that he
hath learn'd to flop and turn readily ^ for without
thefe things are pcrfecftly taught , and as it were laid
for a Foundation, he can nevei proceed effefcually.
I had thoughts of enlarging upon this particular
SHhjeBy but 1 find my TOifcourfe is like to jweli beyond
its bounds , fo that I am forced to omit it, and there-
fore I Ihall refer you to the Directions and Prudence
of your Rider , and only tell vou that tis convenient,
your //<?r/e fhould be F;t;e years o\(^, and well vpay*d
before you begin to //'wf him. For though it be a
general Cuftom amongft noted Horfemen to train
rhcir
their Horfes up to Hunting at Four years old , and
fome fooner, yet at that Age his Joynts not being fuJI
knit, nor he come to his beft ftrength and courage,
he is difabled from performing any matter oflpeed
and toughnefs : and indeed being put to fore Labour
and Toil fo young , he runs a very great hazard of
ftrains^ and the putting out of Splemsy Spavins^ Cnrbs
and Windgalls^ befides the daunting of his Spirit, and
abating his natural Courage , infomuch that he will
become melancholly, ftifi^ and rheumaticl?, and have
all the diftempers of old uige , when it might be ex-
pected he (hould be in his Prime.
Your Horfe then being full Five, you may if yoa
pleafe put him to grafs from the middle of May till
BartholmeW'tide^oi at leaft from the middle of Sum-
mer till that time ^ for then the Seafm being fo vio-
lemly hot^ it will not be convenient to work him:
where whillt lie is fporting himfelf at liberty in his
Pafiure^ we will if you pleafe take care to provide a
good Stable for his Reception at his taking ;/p, and a
good Groom to look alter him ^ both which are more
ellentially necellary to the Hunter than to other Hor-
fes, which require not that exad care in keeping.
Firlfc then as to the Stable, I could wilh every Gen-
tleman would be careful to fcituaie it in a good Air,
and upon hard dry and firm ground, that in the
Winter the Horfe may go and come clean in and out :
and if poffible let it be feated on an Afcent, that the
Urine, Foul Water, or any Wet, may be convey'd
away by Trenches, or Sinkj cut out for that purpofe.
Be fure to fuffcr no Hen-houfes, Hog-ftyes, or Houfcs
3f Eafment, or any other filthy Smells to he near ir^
["or Hen-dung,or Feathers fwallowV.,oftentimes prove
r.ortal^ and the ill Air of a Jakes as often is the caufe
3f Blindnefs : likewife the very fniell of Swine will
frequently breed the Farcy^ and no Animal what-
Ibever
26 Cfte l^unting^l^orfe.
foever more delights in cUanlinefs, or is more ofien--
ded at mvphoUfome favonrs than the Horfe.
Let vour Stable be built of Bricks , rather
than Stone , lince the latter is fubjedl to fvfeating
in wet weather : which Dampnefs and Moifture is
the Original of Rhenms , and Catarrhs. Let yonr
Wall be of a good convenient thicknefs , as a-
bout Eighteen or Twenty Inches thick , both for
fafety and warmth in Winter^ and to keep the
Sun from annoying him in Summer , which would
hinder Concodion. You may fifyoupleafe) make-
Windows both on the Eafl and North fides , that
you may have the benefit of the Air during Sum-
mer, from the North , and of the Morning Sun du-
ring Winter from the Eaf}» And I would advife
you to GUz.e your Windows , and make them
with Sajlies^ to let in Air at pleafure, and to keep
out Poultry , for the reafons afore recited ; and
likewife to make dole Wooden fiufters, that during
the middle time of the Day the Stable may be
darkj, which will caufe him to take his Refi as well in
the Day as the Night. Let your Floor^ (I mean that
part on which he is alwaies to Hand, or lye down on,
be made oi Oaken Plavk.'^., and not fttch'dy tor tis eaficr
and warmer for the Horib to I v on Boards than Stones.
be lure to lay them level; for if they are laid higher be-
fore than behind (as they generally are in Jnns and
Horfe-courfers Stahles^t\\7[t their Horfcs may appear to*
more advantage in Statur?,) his hinder-leggs will/w?f//,
and he can never lye at eafe, becauie his Hinder parts
will be k'iW flipping down. Lav your Planks crofj-w,^y,^
not at lc»gth;^nd underneath them fink a good Trench,
which receiving the 'UnV/c thro holes bor'd on pur-
pofe in the Planks, may convey it into fome common
receptacle. Let rhe grotnd behind bim be railed
am with the Planls , t'lat hi may continually
Hand
(land on a Levelt. Let the F/^cr behind him be pitcht
with fmaU Pebble I and be fure let that part ot your
Stablewherethe^^ciftandsbe vidlWawfcotcd I
would have two Rwgs\iUcGd at each fide ot his St^il,
for his Halter to run through^ which muft have a
light wooden Xo^^er at the bottom otit, to poiie
it pervendiCHlarly ', but not fo heavy as to nre
the Horfe , or to hinder him from eating. In-
fteadof afv'^ Manger, I would have you have
a Locher, or Dramr, made in the Wainfcote par-
tition, for him to eat his Corn out of, which you
may take in and out to cleanfe at Pleafnre. And
whereas fome may objea: the n^rrovimfs of the Room,
you may remedy that at your pleafure, by allowing
it to be the larger : tho confidering the ftnall QnanH^
ry of Provender, you are to put in at a time, (as you
iee hereafter) you need not make it very large. _ i
would not advifeyou to make any 2^4ci, but m-
Itead thereof (according to the Italian fashion) to
pive your Horfe his Hay on the grsnnd , upon the
Ltttrr; or elfe you may (if you pleafe) nail fome
Boards in the form of a Trough, in whicnyoumay
put his Hay, and the Boards will prevent him trora
trampling and fpoiling it. tj s>'f:fn
Some poflibly may objecl, that this way of
Feeding him, ma V ffoil his Crr/?, and that the ^Mv/«^
upon his Hay will foon make it naufeous to his Palate.
For the fS^iling his CreH , it rather ilrengthem it<
and makes it /^rw, whereas, on the eontyary, to litt
up his Head high to the Rack will make him iv/;/;_>-
cra^Z'^ -but the way foremcntioned, he will feed as
hefyes, which will beforhisf^/^andlatisfaaion.JV*
to thtqnamity of his Hay , you are to give i: him
rn fuch [mail Proportions, (thothe ofcener ; that ic
may be eaten before his Preath can m the leait;
kiave tainted it But the chief Reafon why J
advue
2 8 Ci^e "^untinz^ottt*
advife you to this way is this, becaufe the receiving
his Hay down upon the Ground, wili help to clea/ife
his Head tromany Rheum or Dofe^ which be may have
gotten by negligence and over-exercife and induce
him by jnei.z.tng to throw out all manner of watry hu'
mors that may annoy his Head. If your Stable will
allow, you may build feveral Partitions of Boards^
and at the Head towards the Manger let them be ad-
vanc'd to that height that one Horfe may not molejl
oifmell to another ^ and lo divide the Whole into as
many equal Stands or St anils as it will admit of-, al-
lowing to eachjRoom enough to turn about in, and lie
down at pleafure. Vou may make one of your Stau Is
clofey which may ferve for your Groom to lie in, in
cafe of a Match , Sicknefs , &c. and where he may
hum Candle without the Horfe's difcerning of it. Be-
hind the Horfes 1 would have a Range of Freffes made
with Peggs in them to hang up S^^^/fs, Bridles^ Houf-
sng-cloaths, &c. as likewile Shelves to place your
Curry-combs, Brufhes^ Dufling-cloaths^ Oymments, Wa"
tersy or any other NecelFaries upon .
Now that you may not cumber your Stable with
Oat'Bimsyl think it necellary to tell you,that thebeft
way is to make ufe of the Invention of Mr, Farmer
o(Titfmore in Oxford-flnre. Which is done (according
as it is defcribed bv the Ingenuous Dr. Plot^ in his
Natural Hifiory of Oxford-jhire) '" by letting the
* Oats down from a Loft above, out of a rejiel like
* the Hopper o[ a Adill^ whence they fall into a fquare
' Pipe let into the wall, of about four Inches Diagonal^
* which comes down into a Cupboard alfo fet into the
< wall, but with its end fo near the bottom that there
' fhall never be above a Gallon, or other defireable
* Qu^?.ntity in the Cupboard at a time, which being
* taken away and given to the Horfes, another Gallon
*prcfently fucceeds •, fo that in the lower part of the
Stable,
* Stable, where the Horfes ftand, there is not one Inch
* of room taken up for the whole provifion of Oats %
* which Contrivance hath alfo this further Conve-
* nience, that by this Motion the Oats are kept con-
* ftantly/i»ffr, (the taking away one Gallon moving
the whole Mafs above,^ which laid up any otherwiS
' in great quantities, grow frequently wHfty.
Now I would have > ou have two made, the one for
the Oats^ the other for your ^lit Beans, and both let
into your Range ofPrejJes', the Partitions may ea-
(ily be made over head, to feparate your Oats from
yom Beans. Or if you like not this way, you may
convert it into an Hay-loft., or Chambers for your
(jrcowj, which you fancy ; but whatever you make
choice of, let the Floor overhead be /«7W, that no
Dnfi from above fall upon your H&rjes. Bnt if you
have the convenience ofuRickcyarii, (b that you keep
your Hay abroad, it is the opinion of fome knowing
Horfeweny that to tack^it out of the Rick^ by little and
little, as you have occafion to ufe it, makes it fpend
much better than it would otherwife do out of the
Hay-Tallet.
As to the reft of its Perquifites, a Diwg.yard., a
P«wp,or a Cowi^«/f,are neceliary ^ and if you can have
that convenience, fome Pond or running River near
hand. But be fure, never let the Front ot your Stahle
be without Litter., that by frequent practice your
Horfe may learn to empty his Bladder v/heu he is come
from Jiring^ which will be both healthful for your
Horfe^^ndproptablefor your Land
Having thus laid down a Modell for a Stable, my
nextbufinefs istotellthc Groom his Duty ; I mean
not thofe which ^fwcr^/Zy appertain to all Servants,
fuch as are Obedience, Fidelity., Patience., Diligence &c.
but thofe more (JfentiaUybQlougiD^ to this Office.
F ir ^ th^nh: nmf^ lo'-i^e his Horfe in ther.ext degree
^ to
50 €J]^e !^untitt5'']^otfe»
to his 3/<<^(rr, and to endeavour by fair Ufageto aC2
quire ^ reciprocal Love from him again, and an exaft
Obedience^ which if he know how to pay it to his Ma^
/^r, he will the better be able to teach it his Horfe-^
and both the one and the other are to be obtain'd by
fair means, rather than by Pallion and Outrage. For
thofe who are fo irrational themfehes , as not to be
able to command their own Pafsions , are not fit to
imdertake the reclaiming of an Horfe, (who by na.
tMre is an irrational Creature) from his.
He muft then put in practice that Patience^ which
I would have him Mafter of, at all times, and by that
and fair means he fhall attain his End : For nothing
is more tradable than an Horfe, if you make ufe of
Kindnefs to win him. Next, Neatnefs is requifite in a
Croomy to keep his Stable clean fwept and in order ^ his
Saddles, Honfing-cloaths^Stirrops^ Leathers^^nd Girths,
cleane,and above all his Horfe de^n drejpd and rubb'd»
Diligence in the lafi: place is requifite both in a daily
pradice of his Duty, and in obfcrvirg any the
fmallefi Alteration whether cafml or accidental^ either,
in his Countenance, as Symptoms of Sicknefs^ or in his
Limbs and Gate, as Lamenefs, or in his Appetite, as
forfaking h\s Meat^ and immediately upon any fuch
Difcovery to feek out for Remedy. 77?^ is the/«6-'
fiance of the Groom's Duty in general, and which I
fhall treat of more at large as Occafion fliall offer it'
ielf.
Ifi, the mean time iinct Bartholomew -tide^ is now;
come , and the pride and ftrength of the Grafs
rypp'd by the levcre Frofls, and told Dews which
accompany this Seafony lb tbat the Nourifliment
thereof turneth into rawCriidtfjes^ and theColdnefs
oftheA7^/;f (which is an Enemy to the Horfe) a-
batesas much Flefli and Lull as he gettcth in the
Day^ we will now take him up from Grafs whilft his
CoAt lies fmooth and llcck. Hav ing
Having brought him home, let your Groom fo
that Night fet him up in jomc fecure and Ipacious
Houfe, where he may evacuate his Body, qnd lo be
brought to warmer keeping by 'Degrees ^ the next
day fahle hira. But tho it be held as a general Ruls
amongil the generality of Grooms, not to cUath ov
drefi their Horfes, till Two or Three das s alter their
ftablin^^ I can find no Reafon but Cuftom' to perfwade
one to it j But it being little conducive either to the
advantage or prejudice o^t\\Q Horfe, I fhall leave it
to their own Fancies : But as to the giving of Wheat-
draw , to take up his Belly^ (a cuftom us'd by Grooms
generally at the Horfe's firffc Houfing,) I am utterly
averfefrom it. For the Nature of a Horfe being
hot and ^rj/,if he fhould feed on S;r.2i!y,which is fo like-
wife, it would y?r4/;^kf« his Guts, and. caufe an Jn-
flammaticn of the Livery and by that means diftemper
the Blood i and befides it would make his Body \o
uofiive.rh^t it would caufe a Retmton of Nature^2Xid
make him dang with gicat pain and difficulty ; Vvrhere-'
as///// Feeding would expell the Excrements, accord-
ing to the true Intention and Inclina'-ion o{ Nature.
Therefore let moderate Airing , warm Chathim^
good old Hay , and old Corny fupply the place of
Wheat-jlraw.
To begin then methodically , that voiir Groom
may not be to feek in any part of his Duty, I /hall ac-
[juainthim, that his firllbufinefs is, after he hatij.
brought his Horfe into the Stable, in the morning to
water him, and then to rub over his Body with a hard
iVifp a little moiften'd, and then with a woolle;^ cloath -^
then to cleanfe his ShVath with his wet hand from all
LheZ)///? it had contracfted during his Running, and
to wafh his r.tr^ either v;ith White-wine, or Water^
Then he nuy trim him according to the manner that
oilier Horfes are trimm'd, excepc the infide of his
'-' Ears,
?2 %iiz "S^nntim^otk.
Ears, which Cthough fome ftill continue that fa-
fhion) oughtnot to be meddled with,for fe^of mak^
ing him catch cold.
When this is done, let him have him to the Far-
rier^ and there get a Sett of Shoos anfwerable to
thefhapeofhisFoof, and nottop^rehis Foot that
it may fit his Shoo , as too many Farriers do, not
only in Brabant and Flanders, but here likewife.
Be fure let his Feet be well open'd betwixt the
Quarters and the Thmjl)^ to prevent Hoof-binding-^
and let them be open'd ftraight, and not fide-mys,
for by that means in two or three Shooings, his
Heels (which are the ftrength of his Feet) will be
cut quite away. Pare his Foot as hollow as you
can, and then the Shoo will not prefs upon it. The
Shoo muft come near to the Heel, yet not be let
fo clofe as to bruife it 5 nor yet lo open as to catch
in his Shoos, if at any time he happen to over-
reach , and fo hazard the pulUng them off, the
breaking of his Hoof, or the bruifing of his Heel.
The Webbs of the Shoos muft be neither too
broad, nor too narrow , but of a middle fze , a-
bout the breadth of an inch, withflop'd Spmges, and
even with his Foot ; for though it would be for
the advantage of the Travelling Horfe's Heel , tO.<
have the Shoo fit a little wider than the Hoof,
on both fides , that the Shoo might bear his
Weight, and not his Foot touch the gfound^ yet the
Hunter being often forc'd to gallop on rotten fpun-
gy Earth, to have them larger would hazard Lam-.
ing, and pulling off hisShoos, as hath been fliown
before*
There is an Old Proverb, Before behind, and
Behind before ; that is , in the Fore-feet the Veins
lie behind, and in the Hinder-feet they lie befora
Therefore let the Farrier take care that he pnck
liim
ci)e l^mTting'lioi'Ce. 33
him not, but leave a fpace at the Heel of the Fore-
feet, and a fpace between the Nails at the Toe.
When your Shoo is let on according to this Dire-
dion, you will find a gre-u deal of his Hoof left to
hecHt #at his Toe. When that is cut off, and his
Feet fmooth'd with a File , you will find him to
Hand (ofirm, and his Feet will be ^o flrong^ that he
will tread as boldly on Stones as on Garpet-gromd.^
By that time heis/JW, I prefume 'cwill be time
to water him. therefore rake him to the River, and
let him, after he has drank, fland fome time in the
Water^ which will clofe up the holes (according to
the opinion of fome Horfemen; which the driving
of the Nails made. Then have him gently home,
and having tyM him up to the Rack, mb fami all
over Brdy and Legs with dry Straw :: then flop hiy
Feet with Cow.dm<^^ fifthim a Quarter of a Peck of
clean o/^ Oats^ and give them to him ^ then litter
him, and leave him a iufficient Q^iantity of old Hay
to ierve him all ^ig}n^ and to leave him till the
next Mornivz-
<:. Hi^^,
3 4 Ci^e ^mtitii^oxk.
CHAP. IV.
Hoiv to order the Hunter for the
firfl Fortnight.
Iprefume by this your Horfe will have evacua-
ted all his Grafs, and his Shoes will be fo well
fetled to his Feet, that he may be fit to be rid abroad
to Air without danger offurbating. Therefore 'tis
now neceflary that I begin in a more particular man-
ner to diretft our mexperiencd Groom how he ought
to proceed to order his Horfe according to Art.
Firft then you are to vifit your Horfe early in the
Morningy to wit, by five a Clock if in Summer, or
Six, ir in Winter , and having fnt up his Litter
under his Stall, 2ind made clean your 5?^^/^, you fhall
then h^\ his Ribs, his Chanle and his Flank^ for thofe
are the cheif fignes by which you muft learn to judge
o[ the goody or evil fiat e of your Horfcs body, as I
Ihall now fhew you.
Lay your Hands on the Ioj?/er part of his /^jort-
ribs, near the Flanks, and if you feel his Fat to be
exceeding /o/f and ffw^^r, and to v/f/^ as it were un-
der your hand, than you may be confident it is «»-
fomdj and that the Icaft violent Labour, or Travail
will diffolve it : which being diflblv'd, e're it be hard-
ned by good Dyet, if it be not then rcmov'd by
fconring, the Fat or greafe belonging to the outward
parts of the Body will fall down into his Hc<ls , and
fa
b caufe gowtimfs ^nd fmlUn^. I need not trouble
fou with the outward figns of this Diftemper , they
\VQ evident to the Eye : but tho every Groom can
nformyou when a Horfeis faid to h^ve the greafe
fallen into his Heels, yet may be he cannot mftrud
^ou in the caufc why Travail differ feth it for a time,
and whentheHorfeisco/^itm«rwwith more vio-
lence than before. The reafon therefore is this :
The Greafe which by indifcreet Exercife, and negli-
gence in keeping is melted and fallen into his Legs,
f?^«^/«^i7/// in the Stable coo/j and congeals^ and To u-
mtes'it felfwith Other ill Humours, which flow to the
affeded part, fo that they ftop the natural Circular
tion of the Blood, and caufe wflamations, and/weliings
as aforefaid : but Travail producing warmth in his
Limbs thaws as it were the congeafd Humours, and
difperfes them throughout the Body in general^ till
-^f/ gives them opportunity to unite and /^rf/^ again.
Now tho mofl Grooms are of opinion that this Di-
ftemper is not to be prevented bv care or caution,
that when it has once feazMa horfe it remains in-
cureable ^ yet they are miftaken in both, for by
Art it may be prevented, and by Art cured : altho
the cure is fo difficuJt to be wrought, that a Groom
cannot be too careful to prevent it.
As for the W^r^ Greafe which is in }\\% Stomackj,
Bag, and ^utsy if when once melted it be not re-
mov'dby Art, Medicine and good beeping, it p-
trifies^ and breeds thofe mortal Difeafes, which ine-
vitably deftroy the Horfc , tho it be half a year, or
three quarters of a year after. And this is gene-
rally the fource of moft Feavers, Surfeits^ Co>?fi4m'
prions , &c. and fuch other Diftempers which carry
offinfinite numbers of horfes , for want of tlieF^r-
Wer J knowledge in the firft Caufesofthe Diftemper:
which to prevent you Ihall follow the enfuingDire-
aions. C 3 After
g6 €;ftc ^n\\tim^i)otft>
After by feeling on his Eibs you have found
his Vat f oft and unfound, you fhall feele his C/?^^/^ ,
and if you find any fie/^:'y [nhfiance, or great round
Kirnclls or K^iots. you maybe afliired that, as his
outward Fat is unfouud , fo imvardly he is full of
ghit, ^udpitrfve, by means of grofsand tough Hu-
mours cleaving to the hollow places of the Lungs
Hopping fo his Windpipe that his Wind cannot find
free paltage, nor his Body be capable of much La-
bour. Therefore the chief end and Intention of
Art is by good found Food to enfeame and harden
bis Far, and by moderate Exercife , warm cloath-
ing, and gentle Phifick to cleanfe away his inward
Glut, that his Wind, and other parts being freed
from all c^rofsnefs, his courage and adivity in any
labour or fervice may appear to be more than
redoubled.
The fame Obfcrvations you muftmake from his
Flankj, which you will find alwaies to correfpond,
with the Ps.ibs nndChaide, for till he is drawn clean
it will feci thicl^^ to yovxV gripe ^ but when he is en~
fcam'dj you will perceive nothing but two thin
skins,^ and by thefc three Qbfervatioris of the Rihs^
Flankj,?ipACh.'ips, you mny, at any time pafsanin-
diftcrent judgnientof your Horfes being in a good
condition or" a W/.
When you have made thefe Remarkj , you IhalJ .
fift your Hbrfe a handful or two f and no more) of 1
l^ood old fouad O^tes^ and give them to him , to
prcierve his Stomack from cold Humours that might
opprefs it by drinking/^/?^?^ , and like wife to make
Jiim drinl^ihc better. When he hath eaten them,
puil off Ills Collcr, and rub his Fdcad, Face, Ears,
and Nape of the AVc^with a clean Rubbing Cloth
made of Hemp, for 'tis fover.iign for the Head,
and diifolveth all grofs r/nd filthy Humcurs. 7'hcn
take
take a rmall S«4U. and wath 't'" /"'^''^'^i ?u**
put it on h s hefd.drawing the Reins through the
Headftall to prevent hU nipping u "v" his head,
and fo tye him up to the Rack, and drefs h.m
^''Firft in vour iJi^k-fcWtake aCan-y-ComKuita-
b Wu/Horfesiin, (as if Vom^horres^-; b
n,on and fin^oth , then mult the CurrV 5;°mD °
iw, but if '-r/^";in3i swirhyo r\S-
^^tit^l^Vclitft'ldMche^^^^^^^^^^
Vatl in your Z,./f-fc«^, and C'"7> '"■" f ' Va lone
Lrd lindfrora the Root of h.s £.« , all a lon^
his Neck to his Si.«W." •• then S" °y« f " J|
5Wv with a more »«^.«»hand , th^n.^«ryj»
5j»*down to the hinder CamhnlL W'th^ ^^^^
hand =Vin: then cJ,.»g. your .^^^ ^^^i^Sl
vour Right Arm over his BacK, >°>"J""' &
L his lel-t and 'o Curry hu„^-''>ft<^mrtet^^^
of his Withers, to the lower Part oi '» j |
ever now and f -/'*^| CrJ him down to
brcls oviVj exceped. Ana ab yv^u^
^°e\7tt^r'S;;otice.^^^^^^^^^^
Horfe keeps a riggUng u, ''"^fe to 1. at you,
Itaves, and now and then offenng to J«^ at y ^
orlifting up hi? Leg to iJ^^^ « I°V«ent fegn
^Jf%?»r -bf t-ron of U. .^^^the
Comb , and therefore you "^^^ ^^? ^^'^ J/'lf '"I'l
38 ^ift^untins^ottt
the Pleafure he takes in the Friaion, then you fhall
ever now and then corred: him with vour Whin
;gently for his Waggiflinefs. -^
This Currying is only to raife the Dufi, and there-
tore after you have thus curried him, you muft take
either a //(?r/e-f^/7^ nail d to an Handle; or a clean
duHtng-Cloath oi Gotten, and with it ftrike off the
loofe Duft rais'd by your Curry-comb Then drefs
mm all over with the French-BruQy^ hoth Head, Bo-
oy, and Legs to the very Fet-locks, obferving al-
ways to clcanfe the Brufli from tht filth it gathers from
the bottom of the Hair, by rubbing it on the curry-
comb. Then dult him the fecond time. Then with
your Hand wet in water rub his body all over, and as
, near as you can leave no loofe hairs behind you ^ and
with your wet hands pick and cjeanfe his Eys^Ears^No-
[trils^ Sheath,Cods,2Lnd Tael, and fo rub him till he be
^s dry as at firft. Then take ah HaJr-patch,^nd rub his
Boay all over, but efpecially his Fore-boxvels under
iiis^f//^',hisF/4;,'^, and between his hinder Thighs,
Laldy, Wife him over with a fine white linnen Rub-
ber.
When you have thus dreft him, take a large Sad-
dle-cloath (made on purpofe, ) that may reach
down to the Spurring-place , and lap it about his
.^odv i then clap on his Saddle, and throw a cloth
over him for tear of catching cold. Then take two
Ropes ot Straw twifled txtrcam hard together, and
v/ith them rub and chafe his Legs from the Knees
;;nd Cambrels downwards to the Ground, picking his
fetlock-joynts with your hands from Duft, Filth, and '
•Scabs. Then take another /y^/V-;^fc/; kept on pur-
pole for his Legs, ( for ^ou mull have two) and with
u rub and drels his Legs alfo.
Now by the way let me give you this rxcefiary
Cau-
Caution, be fure whilfl you are drejfing your Horfe
let him not Itand naked^ his Body being expos'd to
the penetration of the v^iV, whillt you are telling a
Banhnry-ftory to fome Comrades, that accidentally
come into the Stable , as I have feen fome Grooms,
that would ftand lolling over their Horfes, when they
were Hncloath*d^ and trifle away their time by liftning
to fome idle Difcourfe ^ but when you have firipp*d
him fall to your Bufinefs roundly, without any inter-
miflion till you have fadled him, and thrown his
Cloth over him.
And the reafon why I advife you to throw a Cloth
over him, whilfl you are drelTing his Legs is this;
that although tis a general Rule amongfl Grooms,
that an Horfe cannot take cold whilft he is drejfmg^
yet is that Saying to be underftood only of his Body^
not of his Legs'^ for the rubbing of his Legs will
not prevent catching cold in his Body.
When this is done, you fhall with an Iron Ticker
pick his Feet clean, f that the flopping of his Feet
may not be a means of his taking up Stones in them,)
comb down his Main and Tail with a wet Main-comb,
then fpirt fome Beer into his Mouth, and fo draw him
out of the Stable.
Being mounted, rake or walk him to fome Running
River, or frefh clear Spring, diflant a Mile or two
from your Stable, (which will refine his Aloath which
he may have /o/?, during his Summers Running, and
will likewife fettle his Body upon his Raksy^ and there
let him drink about half his dr an rrht^ti'sik , to pre-
vent raw Crudities aridng in his Stomnch. After he
hath drH/ik^h\ing him cahnly cut of the Water, and fo
ride him gently for a Vv^hile ; for nothing is more
unbefeennng a Horfeman , than to thrull his Horfe
intoa/tt'/y> Gall'.pj as foon as he comes out of the
Water , for thefe three CaMfes. Firfl , it is not
only
40 W^zl^mtinz4)ox(t.
only hazards the hreakipg of his Windy but alfb aflu-
redly endanges the incording^ or bur fling of hirji. Se-
condly, it begets in him an ill habit of running away^
asfoonashe hath done drinking. Laftly, the fore-
fight he hath of fuch violent Exercife, makes him of-^
tentanes refufe to ^nemh his Thirfi: and therefore (as I
faidj firft w^/)^ him a little way,and then put him into
^gentle Gallop for 5 or 6 fcore, then give him wind :
and after he hath been rah^d a pretty fpace, then fhew
him the Water again, and let him drink what he
pleafes^und then galhp him again -^ and thus do till
he will dt'ink no morcj but be fure to obferve always
that you gallop him not fo much as either to chafe^ or
Jweat him.
Novy by the way obferve^ that in his galloping after
Water ^ (after the firft weeks enfeaming,) if fometimes
you givehim^ watering Courfe fljarply^ of twelve or
tvventy fcore, (as you find your Horfc, j it will (juicken
his Ifirits, and caufe him to gallop more pleafantly^ and
teach him to m^««4^f his X«w^i more nimblyy and to
(?rf re/? forth his Body largely.
When your Horfe hath done drinking, then rak^e
him to the Top of the next /////, (if there be any
near your Watring-place, ^0^ there in the morning
the jiir is piirejl:^ or elfe to fome fuch place, as he
may gain belt advantage both of 5/w and Air^ and
there air him a foot-pace an houy^ or fo long as you (in
yourdifcretion; Hiali think fujficiem for the ftate of
his Body, and then ride him home.
During the time of your Horfes Jiring, you will
cafily perceive feveral marks of your Horfes /^f/jr/^-
ciion, and the plcalurc which he takes in this E.vcrcife.
For he will i^,?^^, yawri^ an;l as it were (Ijrug his Body.
Ifhe offer to (land Jhll^ to dung .^ or Jlale., which his
Airing will provoke, be (lire ^/w h\m leave ^ as like-
wife to j?,':)'^ about y neigh, or I ifien after any noife.
Now
Now Airing brings fev'eral ^dvanta^es to the
HoiTe. Fir fly it purifies the hlood^ (if the Air be
clean and fure-^ it p/^r^^/tlie Bo/j/yfrom many^ro/i
and luftbcating Humors^ and fo hardens and enfeams
the Horfes f ^f, that it is not near fo liable to be dif-
folvd by ordinary Exercife. Secondly^ it teaches him
how to let his Wind rake equally and ks^p time with
the Other A3:ions or Motions oi his Body. Thirdly^
it fharpens the j4ppetite^ and provokes the Stomachy
(which is of great advantage both to Hunters and
Gallopers^ "who 2ire apt to lop fe their 5?<j»f^c/7 through
e'^Cf/j or W^wf of Exercife ) ; for the fljarpnefs of the
>^?> will drive the Horfes natural Heat from the exte-
rior to ihQ interior parts, which Heat by furthering
ConcoBion creates an Appetite. Lajlly^ it increafes
Luft and Courage in him, provided he not roo early
air'd.
But whereas Mr. Markam^ in his W^-^j' /o^ct vaealthy
^°.pag. 44. dire<^s, if your Horfe be very f^t to air
him before Sun rife, and after Sun-fet ^ and that the
j4uthor of the Gemleman*s Jockey, S°. pag. 14. fays,
that nothing is more wholfome than early and /^ff Air-
ings •, I think the contrary may be made out from
Experience. For in this Art, all things that any ways
hinder the ftrength and vigor of Nature^ are to be
avoided j now, that extreamity of Cold, and being
out early and late do fo, is evidently feen by Horfes
that rtm abroad all Winter, which however hardily
bred, and kept with the befl care and Fodder, yet
cannot by any means be -^^v^^'c'^^ to fo good cafe in
Winter zszn in different Palture will raife them to in
Summer. And this holding true of the NoBumal
Colds , muft needs be verified in feme proportionate
meafure of the Morning and E^'ening Diws , and
thatpicrcingCold which is obfer\'d to be more in-
tenfe at the opening and clofe of the Day , than any
part
42 ^i^t 1$untmp\iotit.
part of the Night. Befidesthat, theX>fwand moiil
^tmes do as much Injury to a Horfe, as the Iharpeft
Colds or Frofts : fince (as I have found by experience)
a Horfe any ways inclinable to Catarrhs, Rheums^
or any other cold Diftempers, is apt to iiave the Hu-
mors augmented,and thedifeafe moft fenbfily increasd
by thefe early and Jate Airings.
But if he be not had forth to aire till the Shh
btrtjerj, ("as you mult caft to have him drefs'd, and
ready to lead forth againft that timej his fpirits wiii
becheard and comforted by that univerfal Comforter
otal! living Creatures ; and indeed all Horfes natural-
iy defire to enjoy the Sun's warmth.z^ you may obferve
by thofe Horfes which lie out all Night, who as foon as
the Sun IS rijen, will repair to thofe places where they
may have the moft benefit of his Beams, and by them
bempartJ'f//fx;'^f,omtne coldnefs of the foregoing
Night. And belides the benefit of the 5«»,the Air wiS
be lo mild and temperate, as it will rather i«t;^>omtf
than ^rcy upon his fpirits , and more tmreafe his
otrcngch than impair it
Neither, tho we dil^iHow of Early and Late airings,
rjeed we be at a Jofs to bring down our Horfes /^f,and
rrom being pirfivc, ^n^ too high \xi Flefh, to reduce
mm X.0 cleannefs, and a more moderate ftate of Bo-
dy: ^ For if you do but obferve this one Rule of
Keeping a /rf? Horfe fo much longer out at a time
both Morning and Evening, you will undoubtedly
ojtain your end by fuch long Airings joyn'd with
true found Heats, which you may cxpeft indeed, but
will never find from thofe that are Ihorter, how ear-
ly and lats foever : for this Method ioyn'd with good
feeding \s the heft Prefcription can be given in' this
cafe, and tis from x)r[^ length of vour Airings only,tIint
you mtift hope ro bring your Horfe toa pcrfefl Windy
an;1 true Courage. And therefore a Horfe that is
high in Flcjlj, is a fitter fubjcl; to imi on, than
One that is low , becaufe he is better able to endurf
Labour , whereas the other muft of necelTity be U
favoured in training, to improve his Strength am
Flefli, tliathe is in danger (without he be under tht
care of a very Skilful keeper) of proving thick wind
ed for want oitrue Exercije in Training.
When you are returned from Airing, andaredif-
mounted , lead your Horfe on the Straw , which
('as I told you before) fhould always lye before the
Stable door \ and there by Whiftling and Itirrint;
up the Litter under his Belly will provoke him to
Stale , which a little practice will bring him to, and
is advantagious for the Horfes Healthy and the keep-
ing of your Stable clean ; Then lead him into his
Sr4«/ fwhich ought likewife tobe well littered' and
having ty'd up his head to the empty KMh^^ take off
his Saddle, rubb his ^o^:/)' and Leggs all over with
the French-brafl) , then with the hair^atch^ and lait
of all with the Woolle?i eloath.
Then you fhall eloath him with a Limen doarh next
to his Body, and over that a Canvas death , and
both made fo fit as to cover his BreaH and to come
pretty low down to his Legs^ which is the Titrki^i
way of Cloathing, who are the moll curious Peo-
ple ffaiesthe Duxe of NewcaHle) in keeping their
Horfes, and efteem them the moll of any Nation.
Over the forementioncd put a Body-doath of fix, or
eight Straps which is better than a Sircingle and
Fad fliift with vfifps ^ becaufe this keeps his Btlly
in Shape, and is not fo lubjedt to hurt him.
Now thefe Cloathes will be fufficient for him at
his firll Stabling, becaufe being inur'd to the cool
Air he will not be fo apt to take eddy the weather
likewife at that feafon being indifferently waim^
but when jl^arp weather approaches andth?.tyou
find his H.<iir nfe about his outward parts that are
un-
44 '^^^ i^unting^i^otfe.
uncloathed, as Neckjy Gafcoins^ &c. then add ano-
ther Cloath, which ought tobeofW^<7(?/f;7,and fora-
ny Vioiithred under this C/Zw^r^, and kept only for
wdinary Hunting , this is cloathing fufficient.
Now the defign oi cloathinp is only by their help
joyn'd to the -warmth of the Stable^ and the Litter
(which niult alwaies lye under the Horfej to keep
his Body in fuch a moderate Natural Heat^ as fhall
be fufficient to affift Nature ^ that skjifd Phyfitian
in expelling her Enemies , by diifolving thole raw
snd grofs Humours which are fubjed to amoy the
Horfe, and which would very much prejudice him
if they were not removed ^ which vaarm cloathing
does in a great meafure by difperfng them into the
outward parts, and expelitag them by [weating as he
ileeps and lyes down, which will be a meanes to
purge his Body, and keep it clean from glnt^ and
rednndant Humours.
But yet (as in all things t\\z golden mean isbefi )
there is a meane to be obferv'd too here : for as too
few Cloathes will not aflifl: Nature jujjicientli in the
cxpulfion of her Enemies^ fo too many wilj/i»rc^her
too muchy and caufe weaknefs in your Horie by too
violent fweatings. Therefore you mufl have a care
of following the Example offomef^«or^«f Grooms,
who becaufe they have acquired ^.falje Reputation
by living in fome Noblemans or Gentlemans Service ,
that are noted Sportsmen , think they are able to
give Laws to all their Fraternity , and therefore with-
out any reafon heap Multiplicity of Cloaths on the
Horfe as if they meant to bury him in Woolen, You
muft know, that both. the frwpfr^fwrf of the Weather
and the ^tatc of his Body are to be obferved •, and that
2i\\ Horfes are not to be cloathed altke. Your fine-
Skined Horfes, as the Parb, liirJc^-, Spanifl} horfe &c,
require more clothes then our Engltfi) common
Hoi-
Horfes, that are bred in a co/^er cUwate^ and have
naturally ^^/cJ^cr skin's, and a /o«^<?r Coat. But
that you may not erre I have told you already
how you are to cloath yourHorfe, aud therefore
ihall only add this one General Rule , That a
RoHgh Coat fliews want of Cioaths , and a Smooth
Coat Cloathing fiifficient .• ever obfcrving , that b/
his Countenance , his Dmg^ and Other cuiKvard Cha-
racters ^^which I fhallby and by give, you more ac
large) you perceive your Horfe to to be in health,
and yet notwithftanding your Horfes Ceat fliU
fiares^ you niuft add more cloathes till it lye \ as
on the other hand if it will lye withe the allift-
of a fngle Linnen Cloath it is iufficient.
But if when he has been in kfj\>i'rig fome time,
you perceive him apt to fweat in the Night , 'tis;
a fign that he is over-fed^ and wants €xercifi\hvii
if he fweat at his fir^ comtng from Grafs^ you muff:
know that there is caule rather to encreafe^ than
i^mj^TZ' the Cloathes 1 have allotedat his firftHouf-
ing ^ for it proceeds from the fonl humonrs which
opprefs Nature, and when by exercife they are e^ja^
cuated^ Nature will cea^e workings and he will con
tinue in a temperate flate of Body all the year af-
ter.
When he is cloath'^d up, fick^hh Feet cleane with
an Iron Picker J and wafh his Hoofs clean with a
Spitng dipt m fairwatet f and then dry them v/ith
Straw or a Linnen cloath^ and if there be occafmt
and that you find your Horfes Legs durty, you
may bathe them likewife, only you mull be fure
to ntb them dry before you go oat of your Stable,
then ie;!ve him on his S??^/'/? for an hour, or more,
which will aflift his Appetite.
When an Four is expired, you Ihall come to him
again, and having tick'd an ha;df..l oi Hay , and
diif^ed
4^ €:]^e ^untfitg-'i^orte*
dufied it, you fhall let your Horfe teafe it out of your
hand till he hath eaten it j then pull o^ his Bridle^
and having rub'd his Head and Neck dean , with
the Bemf en-cloth y as before, fnll his EareSy ^ndftop
his Noflrils to make him fmre^ which will help to
^W»^ away the moift HumoHrs which opprefs his
Brain, and then put on his Coller, and give him a
Quarter of Oats clean drefi^ in a Sive, having firffc
made his Locker^ or Manner clean with a Wifpe
of Straw, and aC'oth. J
Whilft he is eating his Corfi, you fliall fweep out'
your Stable J and fee that all things are neat about
him, and turning up his Cloaths , you fhall rnb his
FilletSy BMtockjf and Gafcoins over with the ^^/r-
p^fc^, and after that with a Woolen-cloth \ then fpread
a clean Flannel Fillet-cloth ovet his f ///ff/ and But-
tacks ( which will make his Coat lye fmooth) and
turn down his Houftng-cloaths upon it. Then ^-
»<?]!wr his Hoofs round from the Cronet to the To^
with this Ointment, viTL.
Take Four Ounces of Venice Turpentiney Three
Ounces of Bees vaaxy Two Ounces ot the bell Ro-
fm^ One pound of Dogs-greafey\{2\i 2iV\Vit of Train
Oyky Melt all thelc Ingredients (except the 7ur-'
pentine) together , being melted remove them from
the Fire, and then put in the Turpenttne^ and keep
\t ftirringy till all be well tncorporatedy then put it
in a Gaily pot y and when it is cold cover it clofe
from diifiy and refer ve it for tife.
After this pick^ his Feet with an Iron Vichxr^ andy?o/>
them with Covf-diwg-y and by this time your Horfe
(if he be not a very flow FecderJ will have eaten
his Oates, which if you find he does with a good
Stomack, lift him another Onart^ and throw them
to
tofeedhim by little and little, whilit he eats withari
Appetite; but if he fumbles mt\\\\\s CorUy then give
him ncL more at that time.
And this I think a better Direction than to pre-'
fcribe ?ifet^iiami(yol Provender^ as ^\\ u^ut hors I h^VQ
yet met with have done.For without doubt no certain
Quantity of Meat can be allotted for all forts ofHorJes^
any more than for ail forts of Men • and therefore
proportion the quantity to the Horfes Appetite ;
but be fure at all times give him \\\s full feedifjg^ for
that will keep his Body in better /^fi? and temper , and
increafe his firength and vigor. Whereas on the con-
trary, to keep your Horfe4/w^pJ7j^irp-/f/-, is the rea-
dy way to procure a Surfeit, if at any time he can
come at his fll of Provender ^ according to the com-
mon Proverb, Two hungry Medes make the third d
CUttton. But tho you perceive he gather FU[h too
faft upon fuch home-feeding-^ yct be lure not to flint
him for it, but only mcreafe his Labour, and that will
aflill both his Strength and Wind.
When thefe things are done, you fhall dujl a pret-
ty quantity of /y-^', and throw it down to him on his
Litter^ after you have taken "it up under him ^ and
then flmtting up the Windows and Stable door^ leave
him till One a Clock}n the Afternoon -, at which time
you fliall come to him, and having rubyd over his
Head, N'ccl^, Fillet.^, Buttockj^ and Legs, as before,
with the LJair-patch and IVooIlen-cloath, you fh^ll feed
him as before, and then leave him till the time of
his Evening watring, (which fliould be about three of
the clock hiHinter^ and four in Summery) and then
having put back his foul Litter, and fwept avvav that
and his Du?!g, you fliall drtfs ?.nd [addle him as before,
and momning him you fliall rah^n him to the water, and
D after
48 Cifte i^untittg^iftotfe*
after drinking and galloping you (hall /??> him along by
the River fide ^ till you think it time to go home; then
order him in all point s^ as to rubbing, feeding, Hop-
ping his Feet, &c. as you did in the morning ^ and
h?L\in^ fed hirrnt fix a clockj) be fure/<?f^ him again
about Nine j and having litter d him well, and thrown
him Hay enough to ferve him for all Nighty you Ihall
leave him till the next Morning. And as you have
fpent this day, fo you muft order him in all reffe^s for
<i fortnight together, and by that time his Pleflj will
be (6 hardened, and hisWindib imfrov'd'^ his Mouth
will be fo cjuick^nd^ and his Gallop brought to (ogood
Sifrokjs, that he will befit to be put to moderate
hunting.
Now during this Fortnights keeping you are to
ti\2ikt^QVtx^\ Ohfervations, ?iSlOl\\Q Nature and Dif-
fo fit ion of your Horfe, the temper of his Body^ the
courfe of his Digeftion^ &c. and order him accor-
dingly. As firft:^ if he be of a chnrlijh Difpofition,
you mull reclaim him by Severity \ if of a loving
temper, you muft xmin him by Kindness. Secondly^
you muftobferve whether he he afoul Feeder, or of a
nice Stomach ; if he be ^«<ci^ nt his Meat, and retain a
goodStomsLchftlKufour times of full Feedings in a
JDay and 2L Nights fpace, is fujf dent % but if he be a
fender Feeder , andfow at his /^/<?^f, then you muft
give but a little at once, and often^ as about every
two hours, {orfrejl} Meat will drav/ on his appetite j
and you muft always leave a little Meat in his Locker
for him to eat at his own leifdre betwixt the times of
his Feeding ; and when at any time you find any
/f/>,you fhall^'ivrfpit away^ and give h\m frcflj^ and
expofe that to the Stin and j4ir , which will prevent
mnftinefs and reduce it to its firft fwectncfs, before it
was hlown upon.
Now
fiow^S to the mamero^Feediff^^ you may piarpen
Ills Stomach hy change oi lAQ^ty as giving one Meal
cleanOats^2Xiothc}[ Oats and ^lit^Beam, and (when
you have brought him to eat Bread) you may give
him another meal o^ Bread y always obferving to
give him oftemfi that which he likes ^f/?. or ifyoii
pleafe you may give him both Com and Bread at the
fame tif.:e^ provided you give him that lafi which he
eats ^^i7, and which has the beft Digeftion.
Tis obferv'd of fome Horfcs, that they are of fo
hot a Conftitutidfj, that without they may drink at
every hit they cannot eat^ and thofe Horfes ufually
c^uy wBelly^ iii this cafe therefore you muft Jeta
Pale of Water ftand continually before them, or at
leaft offer them Water at Noon, befides what they,
fetch abroad at their ordinary times.
Next you are to obferve the nature of his Bigeflion,
that is, whether he retains his Food long, which is
the ITgn of a bad Digeftion ; or whether Nature does
expel the Dung move frequently, which if he do, and
that his Dung be loofe and bright, tis a fign of a good
habit of Body -, but if he dung W^, zud feldom, thea
on the contrary tis a fign of a dry Body^ and therefore
to rm^^;^ this, youfliall once in a day give him a
handful or two of OatSy well wafij'd in good firong
j^le^fot this will loofen his Body, and keep it moiii, and
you will find it alfo good for his Wind, notwithftand-
the opinion of fome to the contrary.
D s CHAP.
50 €Ji^e K^unting'i^orfe^
Of the Second Fortnights D'teti and of
■his fitji Hutittng^ ^nd tphaf Chafes
are rfioU proper to Train him.
^ Ythat time you Kivcfpef^ttKis fortnight ^ccor-d'
J ing to the foregoing -S/f/f J, your HqnTe.will be
in a Tpictty good ftate of Body ^ for the giokHnmors
will be clryd in his Body, and his Flefh.mil begin to
h& harden d^ Which yOu wilf perceive (as I told you
at firll) by his Chatd^ his fhort jf^ibs^ an J his Flanh^-^
for the Kernels under his Chaps will not feel fo grofs?s
at firft they did, his fiejl) on his lliort Ribs will not feel ■
foy^/T- and /(?op, nor the.f/;/w part of his Fiank^^o thick.
as at his firfi houfing j fo that now you may without
hazard zdvQntuve to hnm him moderately. ^
But before I proceed, I think it necellary to clear
onepwwf, which I have heard much ^^yc«/;'<5/ amonglt
Horfemen^ which is, What fort of Chafe is mplt pro-
per for the training of a yoK?7g Horfe ? fome being
of o?7e Opinion,fome of another. For fome would have
a Horfe, which is de/ign d either for a Buckzhunter or
Fox-himter , us'd from the beginning to the Chafe
which they are defgn'd for. Others think thofe Cha-
fcs too violent for a yomig Horfe, and therefore chufc
to train him after Harriers •, and of this Opinion I
mult own my felf to be, fince Experience has fnlly
^Jcwn me the advantages of the one, and the Jncon-
venicmes
'^emenc'esof the other. Now t6 T^rO^^e^thh jlfirpok.
let lis tak[e';^\fligh£ vi^Wof the JeverM , Chares, whi^-a
are c^mm'otily uted by 'dur Nobility mdCmry, where
the. HofrTe.i^, made a .Companion] and' Member of the
5»i?rrj arid they ard'*ii!hqe''i the 5?W-, Buck/l^ihii^
• > As For. tlie if/;rep ,W her^'hienilon^^^^ ^' ^tjefeis iiot:
niiich^^^^fre^ceintlie huti^ing of ■& fo ih^Jnco'^
'y£'«m;(7«fj frOtti'ea^h'<Snaic;'Vre in'a manher Ihejame
alfo. Foe which foeveryou l?«^f,t;is.,eit^exj,n Qvert,
or at. force: NOW, iF^^riVhiihtea tin ai'^r/<,, they
TJfually q'hufe .the.moit wflf,4' P^'^'^s !pf ,^tj ?? .^ ^rf^^gi?
from the purfuit's of^. their EneAii'es'^. which is botj|
iiuple^.fai/tXo' t\iQ Rider'y Tlhd troublefometo the Hoxjf^
to fo/lew the Dogs thtci thef/7/ci^5«]/j^j ^ and befiqes^
ufualiy .the Ground iq P^ri^f is full of Molebah\s^
7/<?«cLjy'&c. which is dan^erons. for a young Horfe
to gallop on^ till he has attain'd to fome perfe^ion ia
his Stray, But if they be tnrnd out of the Park, and
be hunted ^r/o>:c<?, you w'lll find, that asfoon as you
have mhar^oHr'd. ot roHs"dthex^y they will immedi^
ately niaijc out end ways, before the Hounds jzt;^ or /Zv,
nay fometimes ten Miles, they following in full Cry
fofwiftly', that a Hoife mull be compell'd to run
up and' doyfn hill without any in'termifion ^ leaping
Hcdg, Ditch, and Dale, nay ofcen .crojfin^ River s^ick
the great danger of the Rider, ^s well as of the Horfe,
So that in my opinion tis altogether improper to put
ayoungHovk to fuch i/'/W^wf^ Jabour at the firft, till
by/7r4i5//ce.and degrees he hs^th been made acquainted
With hardfervice.
Now he{ide^' the fwi ft fiefs and violence of this
Chafe, and the danger o( cracking Iijs Wind^ and W/?-
inghhB.elly\ befidcs the i^^-^mwi^ ot his Limbs by
fuch defperate Riding, and the creating in a young
Horfe a loathfomnefs to his Labour, by undergoing
fuch
5 2 €iit l^uttttn5=^l^otfc*
fuch violent and nnufual fervice ^ the feafons for thefe
Chafes beg'ming about, Midjammery and endi^ig about
^Holy-Rood-tide ^ which is that part of . the ryear la
.Itvhich the Sun s heat is cxcefjivey and fo Icorcties the
Earth, that a violent Gbafe would hazard the itielting
his Greaje:zx\dil\\Q weight of the Rider, by. reaib.n of
the hardnefs of the Ground,wouId oQCcSio^a^jFoHndring,
Solents, and WindgalUy infomuch that in jijort time
the Korfe would prove 2i\to^^ t0efi^^ ^v^^^^:.
.■■•>-■•-•-, ^ -' \
f But here I cannot but d^'firer to ^)e rightly mdcr-
l^ood^iinceiholobje^ agalril! t;hele Chafes ^simpro-
pr ior young Horksy yet I dp' not mean that Horfes
fiiould be excluded this Recreation \ but. I would have
thofe which are imploy'd herein, to be 'Horfes of
fiay^dyearsy and by long praulice and experience have
been rightly trai^'d to Hunting. " Young Horfes
''rastheZ)^^ofiVfW?-c^y?/g fays) being as fubjedt to
^Dileafesas^'o/i!'?/^ Children,' d^nd therefore he advifes
* any man that would buy a Horfe for uje in his ordi-
* nary occallons, as for ^ottmeys, Havekin^ ox Hnming,
* never to buy a Horfe untijl the Mar\ he pHfofhis
* Mouthy and if he he found of Wind,Limb,an(:l Sight,
*he will laft you Eight or Nine years with good.
* keeping, and never fail you j and therefore (pur-
^'fues hej I am always ready to buy tor fuch purpo-
* fes an old Nag, of feme Hmtfman, or Falconer, that
' is found, and that is the ufeful Nag , for he gal-
'' lops on all GrcHnds, leafs over Hedges and Ditches j
*and this will not /^/Z you in your Journey, nor any
* where, and is the only Nag of ufe for Pleafure or
Journey Thus far the Dnkc. And if it maybe
permitted to add to his Advice, I would have them
firait-bvdied dean-titnbred Nags, fuch as may he light,
nimble, iXil of middle ilature, for thofe Horfes are not
near lo/ub^edl to Lamnefs as thofe of bull^ and
ftrengthy
flrength, the caules whereof have been already cle-
clar'd.
The next Chafe propos'd was that of the Fox,
which although it be a Recreation much in ufcy and
highly applauded by the generality of the Nobility and
Gentry^ yet with fubmUIion to their judgment I ne-
ver could find that pleafare in it which has been re.
prefented to me by fome oi its Admiren : and Tarn
fure it is inconvenient for the training of a young Horle,
fince It is /«;//> without refpite, aud of Z^??;^ continu-
ance, both which, as 1 have already fliewM, are dif-
taitful to himii but the greatelt Inconveyiience that
happens to a Horfe in this Chafe is this \ that when
a Fox is ftnkennel'di he feldomor never betakes him-
felf to a champion Countrey , but remains in the
ftrongeft Coverts^ and in the thickeft Woods ^ fo that
a Horfe can but feldom enjoy the pleafure o^accompa-
nying the //(3w;<a!j, without hazarding hQingf^iihb'd^ or
other as dangerous Accidents. The fitteft Horfes for
this Chafe arc Horfes of great firength and ability,
flnce this Chafe begins at Chrifimof, which is the
. worji- time of Riding, and ends at our Lady-day^ v;hen
the Ground is beft for it.
The next Chafe to be fpoken of is the Otters^vjhich
although it may feem delightful to fome, yet I can-
not by any means think ic convenient for a Horfe :
for he that will truly purfue this Jwphibiotiri fport,
mufl: often fmmhis Horfe to the equal hazard both of
the^/Wfrand the Horfe.
But to conclude with the lafl:, and the befi^ of Cha-
fes, and that is the Hare. It is in my opinion the
mofl: pleafant and delightful Chafe of any whatfoever,
and the moft beneficial for training a ymng Horle. It
D 4 , h
5 4 €:§e l^ttnting'liotfe.
^s/w;»/f, andoffome ?W«r^^cf, like that oftheF^A*,
but far more f leaf ant to the Horfe, becaufe //<«rf^
comraonlsTun the ChamponCoviWtv^ -^ and the fcem
not being fo /jcf as the Foxes, the Dogs are oftner at
default^ and by that means the Horfe has many
Sobbsy whereby he recovers Wind, and regains new
flrength. This Chafe begins at Michaelmafs, and
la^s till the End of February^
Now the ^f/Do^^, to bring your Horfe to perfe-
clion of Wind and Speed, are ycur fleet Northern
Hounds;, for they, by means of their /j^;-<s{-r;i!«w«^,
will draw him up to that extraordinary jpeed^ that
he will not have time to /<??>fy, and by continual pra-
d:icewi!l be fo inurd Mnd hahitit'^ted to the violence
of their Speed, that in a fnort time he will be able to
ride on all forts of Ground^ and be at fuch command
upon the ha7id, that he will firike at what rate you
pleafe, and three-' quarters freed will be lefs troubk-
fcme to him than a CanterbMry-gallop.
I have often thought this one of the Reafons why
your Nortbcrri Breeders for the generality excel thofe
of the South ; fince certainly the fpeed of their
Hornds coiitributes much to the Excellence of their
' Hcrfes^ nnd makes them endure a four mile Courfe
withovtt Scbhs , which fome Horfemcn call Whole-
Running : but of this more in another place.
The time be!ng now come that he may be hunted^
you iliaii order him on liis days of Refi in all points^
as to his Drcjfrng , hours of teedin^ , Watrwg^ 6:c.
as in the firfl- Fortnight afore dircc1:cd ^ only fncc
his Lahui.r is now to be increas'd, you mufl endeavour
to incn.afc his Strength and Courage likewife ; and
this willbe efecledhj adding to \\\s^Oats a third part
of
of dean oM Beans fpejf ed on a Mill, nnd as an over-
plus to allow him Bread made after this manner*
Take fotir Pecks of clean old Beans^ and two Pecks
of Wheats zrydigri?id them together, znd fft the meal
thro a Meal-lieveof £iu indifferent finenefs, and k»ead
it with rvarm water and good ftore of Barm^ and let
it lie an hour or more to fwell^ for by that means the
Bread will be the lighter^ and have the eafler and
qvXckzx Digeflion \ after which being with a Brake
or any other way exceedingly well-kneaded ^ make
it up into great Houfhold Peck-loaves^ which will be
a means to avoid Crufi^ and prevent its drying too
fbon ^ bake them tboroHghly,T[nd let them Ha-^d a good
while in the Oven to foke, then draw them, and turn-
ing the bottoms upwards let them ftand to cool.
When your Bread is a day old ^ou may venture to
feed your Horfe v;ith it, having firflck/j? away the
Critfi- and fometimes giving him ^r^^i, fometimes
Oats, and now and then Oats and [pelted Beans^ ac-
cording as you find his ftomach •, you need not fear
but iuch Feeding will bring him into as good condition
as you need delire for Ordinary Hunting.
When your Bread is prep^^r'd, and you firfl Fort-
mght expir'd,"you mufl: then pitch upon a Day for
his firi]: going abroad after the JDogs^ and the Day
before you hunt you muft always order /;/»y after this
manner^ In the morning proceed in your iifual
method as before, only cbfervc that day to give him
no Beans, becaufe they are hard of digeftion, but
give moft of Bread if you can draw him on to eat
it, becaufe it is more noHri^nng th^n Oats'^ and
after your Evening Watering , which ought to
be fomcwhat earlier than 7X other times, give
him onely a little Hay out of your hand, and no
more
5^ Cl&e J^unting^^rfe.
more till the next day that he retHrm from Humimr
and to prevent his .^^.>^ his Litter, or any thing elfe
but what you give him, ycu fhall inftead of a Mizxlt
putonaC^z/f^c;«^joyn'd to a headfiaU of a Bridle,
being lind with double Leather for fear of WrJ
bim,arid tying it fofiraight^s to hinder his EatiJ:
and this will prevent Skknefs in your Horfe, which i
incident to lome Horfes when their Mizzle is
let on , notwithflanding the invention of the
Latttce-wmdow, now adays fo much in ufe i but this
way your Horfes iV./n7. are fully at liberty, and he
will never prove /T.^ But as to hi. Corn, give him
his ;we^/,, both after his Watering, and at nine a clock,
at Which time befure to litter him very well, that he
may the better tai^e his Re(l, and leave him for thae
Nighty
The next morning come to him very ^^>-/y, as about
>«r a clock, and having drefs'd a Quarter of a Peck
ot O^fi very clean, put them into his Lochr, and
pour into It a ^«^r^ of good ftrong Ale, and after
Heaving m^ArV the Oats and Ale verv well give him
themtoeat,whi]flyouput back his Z)//;2(r and foul
X/^^^r, and make c/^^« his Stable, but if he will not
cat vr^/, ^ Oats then give him dry, but be fure put
noB^^«,tothem. When he has done eating. Bridle
Ilim, and t:e him up to the Rinf, and drefi him.
When he is drefs dfaddle him ; then throw his Cloth
over him, and let himfl.ind till the Honnds are ready
t^ go forth. But befure not to draw your Saddle
G»rths ftraight till you are ready to momt, left by
that means he become /7c^. But generally ./^ Horfes
!irelo crafty, that when an ignorant Groom goes to
l^rj- them up W^, they will /?m/; out their Bodies to
fuch a bignefs by holding their Wind, (on purpofe to
gain <r^/^ after they are girt) that twill appear diffi-
cult toj^/rf them ^ but afterwards they let go their
m»dy and their Bodies fa 1 again. Whei^
When the Hut^nds are mkennell'd^ f which fliould
not be till Sun-rifing) go into the field along with
them,. and r^i^^ your Horfe up and down ^^«f/y till a
lka/eiK%vdi, always obfetving to let him fmeU
to other "Aortas Dung, fif he be dellrous of it j which
will' provoke him to empy himfelf, and let him ftand
/?/// when he does fo: and if you meet with any dead
Fog, KH?oes, or fuch like, ride him upon them, and
by vfhiftling provoke him to empy his Bladder,
When the Hare is flarted, you are not to follow
the Ht^^w^f as the other Hunters do , but t) conh-
der, that this being t\\tSirft time of your Horfes hum-
ing, he is not fo well vets'd in the different forts of
Cromds as to know how K.o gallop fmoothly, and with
ea^e on them •, and theretore you are not to put him
as yet to above Wf his /p^f^, that he may learn to
cany ^fiaid body, and to mannagehis Legs both up-
on f^/^m, and Grccnfwarth. Neither are you to
gallop him often, nor any /ow^ time together, for fear
of difconraging him, and breeding in him a difuke to
this Exercife ; but obferving to crofs the Fields ftill
to your belt advantage, you (hall mahj in to the
Hounds at every default, and ftill keep your Horfe^as
much as thefe Rules will allow youj within the Cry
of the Bogs, that he may be us'd to their Cry ; and
you will find, that in a very fhort time he will take
fuch delight and pleafure in their Mufck, that he will
be deilrous to follow them more eagerly.
Now if at any time the Chafe be lead over any Car-
tet ground, or fandyHigh-w^y, on which your Horfe
may lay out his hody fmoothly, you may there gallcp
him for a ejuarter or halfz wile, to teach him to /^v
0Ht his Body, and to gather up his Legs^ to enlarge and
fhort en his 5/r#iL^| according to the different Earths he
^ gallops
58 . /JCiie funtins^i^orfe.
gallops on, as if on Green-fwa-ah^Meadow, Mooro
Heath^&c. then to //Wp,and run more on the Shonlderr^
if amongft Mole-hills , or over high ridges and fur-
TQwsy then to gallop more roundly^ and in lefs com'
pafjj or according to the vulgar phrafe tm up and
two down, that thereby he may /?r/^e his Furrovv
clear, and avoid fetting his Fore-feet in tliQ Bottom
of it, and by that me^ns fall over ; But by this way
ofgai{oping,tho he fliould happen to fet his Feet in a
furrow , yet carrying his body fo romd and rejting on
the Hand in his gaIlop,would prevent his Falling ; and
to this /)fr/<?^/6);^ nothing but «p, andfuch moderate
Exercife can bring him.
According to thefe Rules you may fpend yourTime
in Hunting., till ^hovitthreez'Clockjn the After-
noon, at which time you fliall have him homsln a
/oofp^cc as yoii. came out. in itie' Morning., and be-
fure that he be coo/ before yciu' bring him out of
the Field; and as you are. going home, confidec
with yourfelf, whether or no he hnh fw eat' ^ lit-
tle^ (for you mult not fweat him fnach the firll time^)
but if not, then gallop him gently on fome'5^^p«^
Earthy till he fweat at the 2?oof j of his Ears, 2. little
on his Necl^^ i an4 in hls.F'laywli, but it mult be
done of his own voluntary motion, vfhUout'thQCoxu-
pulfiion of whip md 5pr: and then whea he. is cool
as aforefaid , have him ho?7}e and Stable him ., and
befure avoid walking him in hand to cool him, for
fear he cool too fafl , or wafljing him, for fear of
caufing an obfii-nHion of the natural courfe of tlx;
Humours, ('which are thought by fome Horfe-men
to abound moft in Winter ) and by that means caufc
an inflamation in his LcgSj which is the Parent of
the Scratches. .v!^/.''
When you fa him up in his Staul (which muft
\fit. well litter d jlgainfthis coming home) tye up his
t'ead
^ead to the Ring with the Bridle, and then rub
him well with dry Straw all over both Head, Neckj,
Fpre-hfiWels ^ BeHy, FUnk^^ Buttocks and Zf^j^and
afterwards rub his Body over with a dry cloth till
there be. not a wet hair left about him, then take
ofh'is Saddle and rub the place where the Saddle
ftood dry likewife , and fo cloath him with his or-
dinary Cloaths with all sfeed, for fear lead he take
cold ^ and if you think him too hot throw a If are
doAth Qvtv him, to prevent his coelmg too /vz/?,
which you may dbate when you pleafe, and lo let
him ftand on his Snajfle Two Hours or more^ fiirring
hini with .your Whif now and then in his Staul, to
to keep his Zf^^and Jc/^'w^i from growing /?//".
/-When that:time is expired, and you think it may
be throughout cold, then come to him , and having
drawn his Bridle rubbed his Heady and pcl^d his Feet
from Durtand Gravel which he may have gather'd
abroad,put on his C oiler, and fi ft him a Quart,of three
Pints of Oates^ and mix with them a handful of clean
duG-Qd Hempfeed, and give them to him-, but give
him not above the (Quantity prefcjibed, for fear of
taking away his slomack, which will be very much
weakned through the heat of his body, and wa-nt of
vaater. Then remove the (pare-cloth (if you have not
done it before,) for fear of keeping him hot too long,
and when he has eaten hisComy throw a pretty quan-
tity of Hay clean dufted, on his Litter , and let him
refi two or three Hours, or there abouts,
Whilelt you are abfent from him, you fhall pre-
pare him a good Jl^faflj^ made of half a Peck ot Mault
well ground, andwater that is boiling //of , obferving
to put no moxc Water than \our Mault ViWlfwccten,
and your Horfe\'^\]\dri?ik.^ and then fiir them toge-
ther vvith aRuddir, Oi (}i<h^ and then cover it over
vyith cloths, till tlievy'jitci has extracted xh^firoigth
' of
ofthe^f4/^ which will be evident to 5 our tajlemd
touch, for twill be almoft as/w^ff as Homy, and feel
rovy like Birdlime, then when it is cold, that you
can fcarce perceive it to /m.^i^offer it to your Horfe,
but not^.r., left they?^^«^ aicend mto hi^ Nofinls,
and thereby offend him with its fcenr and when he
has drunk the watery let him if he pieafe eat the Malt
alfo. Butifherefufeto dri»k, yet you mult give
him no other w^fer that night, but by placing it m
one Corner at the ^.^^of his Stall, m luch manner
that he may not throw it down, (which you may ef-
fed by nailing a Spar acrois1>°fore the Bncket) let it
ftand by him all Night, that he may drink at his plea-
"'^Now you will find this ;i/^^, or fas fome call it)
JJorfe-CaHdle, very beneficial to your Horfe on feyeral
Accounts 1 for it will comfort his Smw^c/;, and keep
his Body in a due temperate heat after his days Hunt-
ine; it will cleanfe and bring aveay all manner of
Cr.kandgrofs hHmGnrs,yN\Mc\v have bem dtfolved
by this Days labour, and the/«;/»^ of the Mdt-graxm,
after he has drunk the water, will diii^eY\e watry Hu- ■
mours, which might otherwife anmy his head, and is-'
allow'dbyall Horfementobe very advmtageomoXi
that account.
When he has eaten his M4h thcny?n> him of his
Clothes, and run him over with your QHrrycomh,
trench Bruflj, Hair Patch, ^nd Wollen Cloath, and
clothe him up again, and then cleanfe his Legs as
well as his Body of all Dirt and Vilth which may an-
noy them, as you have been direded in Dreffing ;
then remove him into another Stall ( that you may
notwfthis/./wr)andW/;5 his Legs all over from
the iC;?..^ with warm Beef-broth, or, which isbetter,
with aquartofwarm t;r/«^, in which four Ounces
n Salt'^eter hath been diflblv'd ^ then rub his Legi
try as when you came in from Water^ iet him into
is Stall, and give him a good Home-feeding of OatSy
[•r Bready (which he likes heft) or both, and having
book good ftore of Litter under him, that he may
left the better, and thrown him Hay enough for all
light on it, fhut up your Stable dole, and leave him
o his ReB till morning.
The next morning come to him betwixt fix and fe-
^n Siclockj^ for that is time enough, becaufe the Mor^
^ings reft is as pleafant aud refrelhing to the Horfe as
t is to a Man, for then the mtat being concoded the
hep is more fweet, and the brain is at that time more
hin and pure. If he be laid difturb him not, but
tay till he rifes of his own accord, (aud to know this
/ou ought to have a private peep hole) but if he be
ifen^ then go to him, and the firft thing you muft do
s to put back his Dfing from his Litter, and to ob-
erve what Colour it is of: obferve whether it be
^jeajiey^ndjhining OHtwardly, and ^r^^i^itwith your
^eet, that you may fee whether it be fo inwardly -, for
f it be greafie aiid foul either within or without,
which you may knovv by its outward P:ining, and by
^pots like Soap, which will appear within) or if it ap-
pear of a <a/^r^^row« colour, and harder thcin It was,
it is a fign that your former days hunting was benefi-
cial to him, bv difohing part of the inward glue
tvhich was within him •, and therefore the next time
you hunt you muft increase his labour but a little» Buc
if you perceive no fuch Symptoms, but that his T^ung
appears bright, and rather foft than hard, without
^reaje^ and in a word that it holds the hmtpaleyellovf
colour it did before you hunted him, then tis a figii
that days Hunting made no difolution, but that his
^<7^y remains in the i'smcflate Itill, and therefore the
laext days Hunting you may almoft deuhle his Labour »
Whei;
6 2 Ci&e ^utttm^'i&or k.
When you have made theic Remarks from hk
Dmgy you fhall then proceed to order him as in his
days oi Reft-, thatis to fay, you Ihall give him a
handful or two of O^rj before Water ^ then drefs^ wa^
ter^ air,feed^ cfC. as in the firfir Fortnight,
Now as to his Feeding you muft remember the
way I have already /J^w'^, of c^^«^i«g- his Food ^ as
giving him one while Bread^ another Oati., a third
timeO^fj and Beans^ wliich you find hs likes bell 5 ob-
ferving always, l\\2.l variety WiW jharpen\\\s Jppetite.
But Bread being his chief Food, as being more mu-
rifljing and y?ro«^ than the others, you muft feed him
oftenyh with it.
And as in the firft Fortnight I direded you to ob-
ferve his Digefiton^ whether it were c^uick^ov (loWy lb
likewife muft you do now that he begins to eat Bread.
If you find him quickly and that he retains his Bread
hum little while^ then fas I have already directed;
you Ihall only pghtly chip your Bread -^ but if he be
jloW) and retains it long^ cut away all the Crafi, and
give it to fome other Horfe, and feed your Hunter
only with the Crnm ^ for that being light of Dige-
ftion foon converts to Chyle and Excrements, but the
Cnifi being y?(?vv of Digeftion req.uires by reafon ot its
hardnefs longer: time before it be conceded.
The next day after he has refted, you fiiall hunt him
again as you did the firfi day, obferving from the
Remarks you have made, to hunt him more or lefs, ac-
cording as you find the temper and conftitution of your
Horfe ^ and when you are return d home, obferve to
put in Pratllice the fame Rules which you have juft
ngw read ^ and thus hunt your Horfe three times a
rveek^or ^fortnight together, obferving to give him
his full feeding J and no other Scowrings but Mafics,
and Hempfeedy which is c^j:ud in its Vertue to the for-
mer^
*>^, and only carries off fuperfiuoHs HnmoHrs in the
And here before I conclude this Chatter. I can-
not but take notice of the ^hufe of Scownafs^ and
tiiy own Ignorance^ being led away by the perjxvafwm
and my miltaken opinion of other mens SkjU^ who
becaufe they could talk of giving a Scowring, (tho
Experience has lince taught me, that they never
k^ew tht Operation of them, nay nor the DiSiofniono^
thtHorfesvth\c\x they kept; I thought moft emi-
nent and skilful Horfe-Do^ors. But indeed I found to
myCoft, that my Ignorance led me into the fame
fMfiake with thofc men, that take Phypck by way of
Prevention^ and by that means render their Bodies
more lyable to Dijeafes, their Pores being fo much
openedhy Phyfick,- In like manner I found that tho
I bought Horfes 0^ found and firong Conftitutions, vet
by following the falfe Rules and Pra^ices of Others I
quickly brought them to weak /7.i^//j of Body and
by continually ufing them to unnecelTary PhyficL, to
be tender, and apt to take Cold and Surfeits on everv
taall occafion: which taught me to know, that as
Kitchen Phyficl^is heR for n Man, (unlefs he lamuiih
Jndcr fome more than ordinary Vi(temper) fo nLral
ind true^A;;^ Feeding is belt for a Horfe^ it ftreneth-
iing his ConfittiHion, and keeping his Body in good
emper ^ for a Horfe that is fu/Lfed with good natural
Dietisnotfubjedto c^flivenefs-, and from hence I
nfer that a Horlc which is found, and in health, and
ifafirong Conltitution, needs little PhyfickmotQ than
50od wholfom meat, and his fi/i of it, provided vou
)rder him as he ought to be when he is come from
riunting.
But 35 Horfes no more than Men are free from Di^
^4 €l9t'^nnUm^ottt* \
pmpersi but by reafon of ahnfes and mkind Mafterjj
are rather more UMe to them, (it being become a'
Proverb, Asmmy Difeafes as aHorfe)-, fo when at
any time thev haffen recourfe muft be had to Fhyfck^
apd as it is good in its true ufe, fo I fhall m theM/c-
qmm part of my Difcourfe fet down when, and what
garner of Scouriiigs are nfeful, and how they are to
^ga^plied With sQlI^^nd Safety, of which miti pro-
per place. ;
Of Z/;^ HorfesThird Fortnights Keepings
^ ^;2^yjr5i thorough. 6>ej///2g.
BY this time yourHorfc will be dravm^o chatii
his Fkfl} will be fo ififearnd^ and his Wind fo «w-
pro't;-^, that he will be able to ride a Chafe of three or
four Miles without much hlomng, oxfmanng ; and
you will find by his Chad and FUn^, as well as his
Jiibs, that he is in an indifferent ^06;^y?^f^ofbody,an(l
therefore thiswf^t Fortnight you muft tncreaje his
labour, by which means vou will come to a true ki^ow-
led^e of what he is able to do, and whether or fio he
Will ever be fit for Plates, or a A^fatch.
When your Horfe is /ff overnight, and />^ early
in the morning, ('as in the /# Fortnights Prepara-
tion for Hunting was direded; then go into the
Field with him, and when your Horfe is e?vpty, as ne
will be by that time you h^v^prted your Came, you
milfoMow tht DogsatagcoclH/.W ?Atc,ss2thaij.
fpeed^ and io continue till you have kjli'd or iofi,
your firft Hare. This will fo rack^ your Horfes
wind , and by this time he will have fo emptied-
himfelf, that he will be fit to be rid the next C^^/e-
briskly^ which as foon as begun you Ihall follow
the Dogs at three quarters fpeed , as near to them
as is confiftent with the difcretion of a good Horfe--
mAn^ and a true Huntsman j but be fure as yet noc
to jlrain him.
During this daies Riding you Ihall obferve your
Horfe's jweat , under his Saddle^ and Forebowels^ if
it appear white like Froth , or Soap-fudds, 'tis a
fign of inward glut and foulnefs , and that your
daies fport was fully fufficient , and therefore you
Ihall have him home , and order him as before you
are direded. But if your Sport has been fo ir-
difitrent , as not to fweat your Horfe thorough-
ly , then you fliall make a Train- fent of Four
Miles long, or thereabout , and laying on your
fleetefl Dogs ^ ride it briskly-, 2LX\d then having firft
cooCd him 111 the Fields ridehim /jowf and ufe hinj
as aforcfaid.
■ Now that I may not leave you in ignorance
v^hat a Irain-jcent is , I ihall acquaint you that it
has its Name , as I fuppoie , from the manner of
n^viz.. the trailing ov dragging of n dead Cat-, or
Fi?.v, (and in cafe of NecelTity a Red-Herring) three
or four Miles, ^according lo the Will of the Ri-
der, or the Direflions given him) and then lay-
ing the Dcgs on I'ncfcent.
But this Caveat let me give a'l Huntfmen , to
to keep about two or three Coi^ple of the fleetejt
Hounds you can pofTibly procure for this purpofe
only. For although 1 have feen skillful 5porf/wf« ufq
their Harriers in this Cafe , for their divcrfion ;
E z yet
^6 Cl^el^utttinfi'l&orfc.
yet I would perfwade them not to ufe thcra to
it often ^ for it will teach them to lie off the Line^
and fltng lo widet that they will never be worth
any thing.
When you Mnbridle your Horfe, give him inftead
ofHempfeed and Oates, a handfome quantity of Rye
bread y (to which end I would advije you to bake
a Peck Loaf for this parpofe ) which being cold
and moiSi will atBlt in cooling his body after his
Labour, and prevent Cofiivenej's , to which you will
find him addicted, then give hira Hay , and after-
wards a Ma/h , and then order him in all points
as formerly.
The next morning if you perceive by his Dung
that his Body is di^empred, and he is hard and
bound ^ then take fome Crumms of your Rye-bread
and work it with as much fweet frefli Butter as
will make it into Pafte, and then making it into
Halls about the bignefs of a large Wallnttt) give him
5 or 6 of them in the morning /^//V/^j and then
letting on your Saddle upon his Cloth, mount himj
and gallop him gently in Ibme adjoyning grafs-Plat^
or Clofe till he begin to fweat under his Eares, then
lead him into the Stable^ and let him be well rub'd,
and throwing a fpare Cloth over him, and good
ftore of frefh Litter under him, let him fi and two
hours on the Bridle , then give him a quantity of
Rye-bread, then throw him fome Hay to chew up-
on , and after that get him another warm Majh,
and then feed him with Hread and Com as much
as he wiil, and befure to allow him what Hay he
wlifeat. The ntxt dsy water him abroad^ and or-
der him as in hisdaies ofrcfi.
~ The day following Htint fei'n again, ]but by no
means
iflcanes fb feverely as you did the time before till
the Afternoon , but then ride him after the Dogs
briskly , and if that does not make him fweat throghly
make another Train-Jcent, and follow the Dogs three
quarters fpeed, that he may fweat heartily. When
you have a little cooled him , have him homey and
upon his firfl: entrance into the SM/'/e give him two
or three Balls as big as Wallnuts , of this moll ex-
cellent 5cowr/»g- ^ viz.
Take Bnt/er lour Ounces, Lenitive Ele^uary two
Ounces , Gromell Broom 2S\d Parfly feeds ^ of each one
Ounce, ^mfecdsy Li^Horiflj and Cream ofTartar^ of
each half an Ounce, yalUf an Ounce make the Seeds
into Powder^ and ftir them into a Pafle^ with the E-
kv^uary and the Butter ; knead it well , and keep it
clofe in a Pot for ufc.
Asfoon'asyou have given your Horfe thefe Balls
ruh him dry, then drefs him and cloath him up
waim andlethim ftand two or three hours on the
Snaffle J then give him two or three handfulls of
Rye-bready and order him as you did before as to Hay
Trovinder^ Mafi] &c. and fo leave him till the Mot'
ningt
Then come to him and firfl: obferve his Dung whe-
ther it keep the true Colour, or whether it appear
dark,y or bUch^y or red and high coloured j next
whether it be Icofe and thin^ or hard and dry. If it
be of the right colour 1 mean Pale yellow tis a fign of
healthy (Irength and eleannefs ; if it be darkly or blackly
then tis a fign there is Creafe and other ill himours
ftirred up which are not yet evacuated : if it be red
and high coloured , then tis a token that his Blood
is FeaveriJIj and diftempered through inward heat :
if it be loofe and thin , tis a fign of Weaknefs , but if
hard and dry , it Ihews the horfe to be hot inwardly ,
or clfc that he h^ foul feeder : 3ut if his dung carr v a
meJi.-
6S C]&c "^mxtim^otiz.
inediumhctWlXt hard znd [oft, and imdlftrong, tisS
ijgn of Health and Vigour.
When thefe Obfervations have been taken notice
of concerning his Dvng^ then you (hall feed^ drefsy
raater^&c^ as in his former days of ^t/?*, obferving
always to give variety^ and his belly full of Com and
£read* The next have him abroad in the Field again ,
but by no means put him to any /^Wr, further than
10 rake him from hill to hill after the Dogs^ to keep
him within found of their Cry., for the defign of
Jthis DzfsExercife is on-ly to keep him in breathy and
get him an Jppetite. Obferve as you ride, that you
3et him fia^id ftill to du^g ; and look^ hack^ on it ^at
you may draw Inferences from the Faces. When the
Day is well nigh [pent bring him home without the
leall/vvY^f, and order him as at other times, only ob-
ferve to give no Sconrings^ nor Rye-bread. You may
if you pleafe water yom Hoife this day, both at your
going into the P/>/^ and at your coming Home., ob-
serving to galley after it, to vcarm the water in his
Belly. Th-c next is adny o^Rcfi,
In t\\t fame manner in every refpevft as you have
[pent this Weei^sou muiirpend the next likewife., with-
out alteration in any point i and by that time aflure
yourfelt rh?.t your Horfe will be drawn clean zx\o\.\^
for any ordinary Hunting ; fo thnt afterward obferv-
ing to hum your Horfe moderately twice or thrice a
\vcck, according to your own /)/f^/;r^-f , and the coi:[fi-
Ti:t 1 on oi^oxw Horfes bodv, you need not qiieftion
but to have him in as good fiate and firength as you
would defire, without danger of his TF/W, Eye-fight,
Feet^OT I'cdy.
Now when you have thus according to art drawn
your Horfe c7f^/, you will perceive ihokfgns which
I
I told you of, verified j for his Flejh on his fliort Ribs
and Buttocks will be as hardiis a Board, his FlankjwiW
be f/7/», and nothing to be/f/f but a double skiny and
chaps fo clean from Fat, Glnt or Kernels, that you
may Z?;*^^ your F/^j in them -, and above all his Ex-
ercife will give plain Demonftration of the Truth of
this Jrt, for he will run three or fonr Miles three
quarters fpeed without fweating, or fcarce blowing,
I fay when this is perfe&ed, you mult avoid all y£"<>/i!r-
?«^j after hunting, (becaufe Nature has nothing to
work on) but Rye -bread and a Maflj, except your
Horfe be now and then troubled with fome little
Pcz^ in the Head •, and then you (haU bruife a little
Musiardjted in a fine linnen Rag, and Jlcep it in a
quart pf itrong Ale for three or four hours, and then
untying the Rag mix the Mnjlard-feed and the j^le
with a quarter of a Peck of 0^^^, and gi^'e it your
Horfe.
Laftly, when your Horfe is dravcn clean , you raufi:
beware that he ^r<jw^ not /o/// again thro want of ei-
ther Airing, OX Huntings or any other Negligence, left
by that means you procure to your felf and your
Horle dmible fains and labour, and no thanks from
your Mafier.
E 4. CHAP.
70 Cl&e ^nntinz^otit.
CHAP. VII
of walking a Huntirtg-Match^ its adn/an"
tages and difadzf ant ages.
Since many Perfans of Horiour delight in good
Horles, both for Hmters as well as Gallopers^ it
may not be improper to (peak a word in this place
concerning the j^dvamages or Difudvantages which
happen in making of /:^/<«f/«^-^/«fc^f J ^ fince he that
proceeds cautioudy and upon truegtounds in match-
ing his Horfe is already in a great meafure fure of
gaining the Prize, at leaft if the Proverb be true,
that a Mutch well made is half won,
Tlie/r/ifthingtobeco«//^frVby him that defigns
to match his Horfe, for his own advantage and his
Horfes cr^^if, is this^ That lie do not flatter himfelf
in the opinion of his Horfe, h"^ fancying that he is
fwifter than the w«W, when he is but a flow Galloper ^
and ihat he is vvi»o/f-n!w;«^, (that is, will run /<j«r
miles v\ ithout ^fobb at the height of his ffeed) v\hen he
is net able to run a mile.
And the ground of this Error I fuppofe arifes from
a Gentleman's being millaken in the fpeed of his
Bounds, who for want of 7ryal againfl other JDogs
that have been really /^ff, has fuppos'd his own to
hefmft^ vj\t\ in reality they were but of middle (peed:,
and becaufe his Hor'e (when tm'imd) was able to
follow them ull day., and at any hour to command
them u]^o i[dfep^^ well as light Earths, has therefore
falfly
falfly concluded him to hcfvpift as the hefi ; but upon
tryal againft a Horfe that has been rightly train'd
after Hounds that were rruly fieet^ has to his cofl;
bought his Experiences and been convinc'd of his
Error,
Therefore I wouldjperfwade j^l Lovers of Hunters
to get two or three Couple of try'd Hounds^ and once
or rmVf a week to follow after them a lrain-fcent\
and when he is able to tof them on all forts of Earth,
and to endure Heats and Colds ftoutjy, then he may
the better relie on his S^eed and Tonghnefs.
That Horfe which is able to ride a Hare-chafe of
five or fix miles briskly, and with good courage, till
his body be as it were bath'd in jxve^it y and then upon
the death of the Hare^ in a nipping frofy mornjng
can endure to siand fiill^ till the fweat^ be froz.en on
hiis back^ fo that the cold may j)ierce him as well as the
heat ^ and then even in that extremitv of Cold to
ride another C^*?/^, 3s briskly and with as muchc^^-
ragty as he did in the former : That Horfe which can
thus endure heats and coldi ofteneft is of mofl: value
amongft Sports-men* And indeed tis not every Horfe
that 16 able to endure fuch extraordinary loyl-^ a^d
I my felf have feen very brave Horfcs to the Eye^ that
haveridthe/ir/C/7<«/f to admiration, that when the
Cold bad Itruck to them, and they began to grow Bif,
h^YQ jiagg'^d the fecond, aud ^wen ^nite out the third
Heat.
Therefore to make a judgment of the goodnefs
of your own Horfe, cbferve him after the death of
the firft Hare, if the Chafe has been any thing briskj
if when he is fo/^, hefrrinks up his Body^ and draws
his Legs up together, tis an infallible token ot wara of
Courare •, and the fame yoif may collet from the
/Isckfiing of his Girths after the firft Chafe, '^and jfrom
the
72 q^t ^ttnting'i&orfe-
the fettifi^ of his Teeth, and the duhejs of his Couftte"
Ttance-y all which are true marks of Fammfsy a.nd
Tyring: and therefore there is no reliance onlucha
Horfe, incafeofa W^^e^. : . -
But if on the contrary, you are Mafler of a Horfe
rnotonly in your o'wn judgment, but- in the ot^nhn of
k»ovFinnr Horfemen) that is approvd for Speed, and
Toughnefs, and you are defirous ro match him,or other-
wife to run for a Tlate; I will to the btfl of my
power tell you the advantages that are to be gaind
in Adatching.
But before I enter upon the fuhje^ propos'd, I
think it convenient to tell you the way our Jncefiors
had of making their Matches, and our modem w^v of
deciding Wagers. Firll then the old way of Tryal
was by running fo many ^rain-fcents after Hounds,
(zs was agreed on between the farties concern'd) and
a Beli-Courfe , this being found not fo uncertain ^n^
more durable than Hare-huntijig, and the advantage
confifted in having the Trains kd on Earth moft fui-
table to t.ht nature of th^ Horfes. Nov/ others chofe
to him the Flare till fuch an hour prefix d, and then
to run the Pri7^-^^o(>/^-C/;^/^, which, becaufeit is not
Icnown to all Huntsmen, I Iha 1 explain the »fe and
manner of it
The WUdg'oofe Cbafe received its Name from the
manner of the flight which is made by Wildyecfc,
which is generally one after another : fo the two Hor-
fes after the running of Twelvcfcorc Tards, had li-
berty, which Horfe foever could get the leading, to
ride what ground he pleas'd ', the hindmoft Horfe bid-
ing bound to/(?//(7W him, within a certain dif^ance a-
greedonby A.rticles^ or elfe to be whipt upbv the
'riers or judrei which Vods by, and which ever
I lorfe could diftance the other won the Match. >
But
But this C^^/e was found by Experience foinhh"
fnane^ aud fo dcflrit^ive to good Horfes^ efpecially
when two good Horfes were match'd •, for neither
being able to difia?7ce the other, till ready both to
finl^under their Riders through V/eaknefs , oftentimes
the Match was fain to be drami, and left undecided^
thoboth the Horfes. were quite yjiey^.
This brought them to run 7'rainfcems, which af-
terwards was chang'd to three Heats, and a straight
Courfe ; and that the Lovers ai Hunting-horfes might
beencourag'd to keep good. Ones, Plates have been
€re^ed in many places of this Land, purpolelyfor
Hunters, and fome their Articles exclude all others,
fnamely Gallopers j from 'Running,
But whether you defign to match your Horfe a-
gainfl any Ow^Horfe in particular, or to put him in
for a Vlate, where he muil run againft all that come in
general; yet tis neccfiary that youJ^nowthe nature
and dif^ofticn of your Horfe, before you venture
any wager on his head ; that is to fay, whether he
be hot and fcry^ or cool and temperate in Riding ;
whether he be very fwift, but not hard at bottom ,
or flew, but yet jure, and one that w'lW ftick^ at
marks, on what fort- of Earths he moft delights to
gallop on, whether to climh or run down hills, or
elfe to skflp on a Flat; whether to run on deep, or
light Grounds; whether on rack^wciys, or Carpet-
ground •, whether amongfl: Mole-hills, or on Meadow
ground; whether he be ivf//-winded, or r/j/cJ^:^ wind-
ed, fo that tho he will anfwer a Spur, and mend up-
on Lapfing, yet he muft have cafe by Sobs. All thefe
things muft be known, to the end that you may draw
thofe^/^r^;7f^^n from them which may be ofrer'd in
matching , as this for Example.
If
74 ^ft^ !^untftt5''l^orre.
IfyourHorfebe Wand fiery ^ tis odds but he is
fleet withalK for generally thofe Horfesarcfo) and
and delights to run upon light and hard flats j and
rauft be held hard by the Rider that he may have
time to recover Wind by Sobbs ; or elfe his Fnry will
choak him. But whereas it is the general opinion
that nothing that is vioUfu can be lafiing ; and there-
fore that it is impoflible that fuch hot mettled Hor-
ies can be tongh and hard at bottom , this I conceive
may be but a popular Errour ^ ior I have fome-
times feenby Art thofe two Qualities reconciled, at
lead fo far, as to make themolb Fiery Horfe managa-
ble, and to endure both Whif and Spur •, and then
iho he Ihould not prove at bottom fo truly tough as
t\\z craving Drnd^e ^ yet by his Riders management
his Speed mallanlwer it in all points and ferve in its
fiead \ But to return to my Subject. .
The beit way to Match fuch a Horfe is to agree
to run Train-fcents and the fewer the better for you ,
before you come to the Courfe : Alfo in thefe Train-
fcents thQ fiwrter you make your is^i/^^wce the better:
and above all things be fure agree to have the leading
ofthefirft Trayn, and then making choice of fuch
grounds as your Horfe may belt (hew his Speed, and
the Fleeteft Doggs you can procure, give your
Hounds as inuch Lave before you , as your Tryers will
allow, and then making a loofe try to win the Match
with ^Wind:, but if you faile in this attempt then
^eareyont Horfe, and fave him for ths Courfe at laft.
But if your Horfe \)Qfl.oxv , yet vfell WirJedy and a
" true Spurred Nagg \ then the more Trainfccnts you
run before you come to run the firatght Courfe the
better. Obferving here too, to gain the leading of
the firft Train , which in this cafe you muft; lead it
upon fuch deep Earths that it may not end near any
light Ground. For this is tlie Ruie received among
Horfenun that the next Train is to begin where the
laf^ ends^ and the laft train is to be ended at ihtfiart-
i»^Poi?of the Courfe. Therefore obfervc to end
your lafl on deep Earths as well as the flrft.
In the next place have a care of making a Match
ofafuddain, and m Drink,-, for fear leaft you repent
when yoo are Sober. Neither make a match againft a
Horfe , which you do not k^'ow » without firft con-
fulting fome skilfull or truftv Friend^ on whofe Judg-
ment and Honefty you can fafely rely, and who is
able to give a good uiccoMnt of vour ^dverfariesHor-
fe's5pftf^ and his manner of Ridings ard if you find
him any ways correfpondent to your own mfpeedor
lo»dnejs be not too Pertwptory to venture, but upon
Tome realonable probabilities of Wtnmrg : for tis
neither Br^ggs nor Fancy that will make yoifr Horfe
run one jot the better , or your Advcrfnrys the vforfe :
and remember this , that there is no Horfe fo^oo^,
but there may be another as good , and then if you
proceed on good Grounds ^ and true Judgm^ent., you
m/iy le the bolder to go on , and ftand to your
Match^ notwithllanding the opinion of other men
may be againft you.
One material Jdvife I had like to have forgot and
that is this j be fure at no time give advantage of
Weight , for you will find the incor.venience ©fit at
thelatter endofihcDay : forthoa Horle/^f/ it not
when he is frejlj , vet it mW fink him very much
when he grows vteak^: a hcrfe-ltngth loft by odds
of Wetgkt in the £rft Train^ may prove a di fiance in
the ftreight Conrfe at la[i ^ for the Weight is the
fame every Heat iho his Jirength be not.
But if on the other i.de you fain any advantage
of Wiight -i aiticle il at the hcrfon^n Ihall ride To
nuch weight f,s you are agreed on, hefdes the Saddle,
fcrby this means the ^;</fr Cif he be not weight of
him
76 €J]^e J^untins*]^otfc.
himfelf j mult carry tht dead weigh fomewhcrea-
bout him, which will be troiiblefometothe^zW^ras
well as the Horfe; and the more to the latter , fince
tis more remote from his Back then ifit were in the
Saddle , and by, confequsnce will more diforder his
firokeifthQ Rider imlme to eitheiTt^^ then if itwcre
nearer the Center ; as you may fee by a pair o^ Scales ,
where if the Pin be not placed exadly in the midlt
of the^f^w, the longefi part (as being moftdiftant
from the Center j will be the heaviefh.
Now as to the time that you take for dyeting,
that mult be jlccording to the Nature of your Hoiie,
and the prefent/^f^ of Body he is in ; for tho he may
be clean enough for ordinary Huntings yet he may
be tar diltant from that perfect State of Body, that
is required in a Matchy and to keep him in fuch fti ict
jDyet all the Seafon^ ( except on fuch extraordinary
Occafions) would be an mnecejfary Expence,
'As to your Morfes Difpofition for Ennning , yon
m'ult know it by ufe and Obfervation , for iri this
Point Horfes very much differ , for fome run belt
when they are high'mcafe , others when they are in
middle Condition of¥lefl7 , and fome again when they
appear to the Eye Poor^ and Low in Flelh ; there •
fore according to your Horfes Nature , and the time
required to bring him into his befi State , you muft
crder your day for the tryal of your Match to be.
But if you defign to put him in for fome Hunting
Plate ; there neither the c/^^/ce of your Ground , the
Weighty noT the Hoijes you are to run agalnftareac
your dtfpofal, but you mult take them as you find
them ^ only the time for bringing your Horfe into a
good Condition is at your own difcretion , fince you
may begin as foon or as late as you pleale to keep him
inftrid Dyet , the time for all Plates being ufually
iixt^ and annually the fame.
CHAP.
i%e ^unting'l^or fe. 77
ii :jr.
CHAP. IX.
Of the Qrderingtbe Hunter-, for a Match
Or a rlate*
W
Hen you have either Matcht your Horfe, or en-
tertained thoughts of putting him in for a
P/^^^,"you muft confider that you ought to refervea
Month at the lealt, to draw his Body perfedtly cleariy
and to refine his Wind' to that degree of ferfe^ion
which Art is capable of attaining to. ^^i
Firft then you mult take an exac't view of the Stau
of his Body j both outwardly 7{nd inwardly , as whe-
ther he be low or high in Flef^j^ ox whether he be
dull and Heavy when aibroad , and this occafioned
through too much hard riding , or through fome
Greaje that by hunting has been dijfohed^ but for
want of a fcowrin^ has not been removed.
If he appear yZ«^^ ?■/?) and Melancholy from either
of thefe caufes, than give him half an Ounce of Dia-
pente in :{ pint of ^ood old Adalhgo Sack.-, which will
both cleanfe his 'ody^ and, revive his Spirits: and
then for the firft week you (hall feedhm continually
with Bread^ Oats -^nd fpUt Bra?js , giving him fome-
timesthe o^^and fometimcs the other, according a*?'-
he J\kes , always leaving Tome in his Locker to eac
at his own leifure when you are abfent ; and when
you return at your Hours of Feeding to take away
V hat is left, and to give him /rf//, tili you have macie
hwnwanton^Lndflayfidl. To which tnd yon fliali ob-
ierve that though you ride him q\'^x^ d-:-.\j mcrning
and
7^ ci^e J^untfns^l^otfe. ,
and evening on Airing , and every other day on Hunt- \
ing , yet you are not to ^voeat him , or put him to
any violent Labour . the dedga this week being to
keep him in Wind and Breathy and to prevent fur*
ftvenefs.
But you are to obferve that both your Oats^ Beans
and Bread are to be now ordered after another man-
ner then you did before , for firft you mult dry your
Oats well in the 5««, then put them into a clean ,
Bag and heat them foundly with a Flail or Cudgel, till
you think they are hulled ^ then take them out of the ,
bagg and wimow them clean both from hulls and duft
and fo give them to your Horfc as you have occafion,
Your Beans in like manner mufl: be feparated from the ^
hulls which are apt to breed ^Ittt , and raufl: either
be thrown away or given amongftchaf to fomc more
ordinary Horfe. And for your Bread whereas before
you only chipt it , now you muffc cut the Crufi clean
away, and difpofe of it as you pleafe •, for tis hard of
digefiiofi J ^nd will be apt to heat ^nd dry his Body.
And now that you are to put him mtoftriSler keepings
you are to make z finer fort of Bread then before,
as thus ^
Take two Pecks o{ Beans, and ^two o^Wheat, and
grind them together , but not too fine , to prevent 3
too much Bran being in the Bread ^ and drefis one \
Peck of the Meal through a fine Range y and knead
it up with new Ale Barniy and the Whites of a dozen
«ew layd Eggs, and fo bake it in a Loaf by it felf, and
the reltdreis through a Boulter, and knead it only
with Ale and Barm -, and ufe it m all other points
as the former .• Now the Peck^loafh to be given your
Horfe when you fet him, and the other at tfr^/>wry
times.
This Bread nQlits Nature much inincreafing the
Strength, Courage and H'/Wof your Horfe, provi-
ded
ded you add thereto fas I have always told you) true
Labour, as any Bread whatfoever , nay even as ei-
ther of^M.De-Greys forts of Bread,which he mentions
in his Gowpleat Horfemm 4° p. 1 32. f<:i. 40 efpecially
h\s laSi, which he fays is better Breads and a greater
Cgoler'^ and which he prefcribes to make thus,
* TzkQH heat Meal out Peck, Rye-meal ^ Beans and
*• Oat-mealy all ground very fmall , of each half a
*Peck, j^ni feeds y^nd LicorijJj , of each one Ounce,
*' IVhite Sugar-Candy four 0[inCQS all in fine Powder^
*" the yolks ^nd whites of Twenty Eggs well beaten ,
*and fo much vy'hite-wine as will knead it into a
* Pa^e , make this into great Loaves , bake them
'well, and after they be two or three days old, let
* him eat of this Bread,but chip away the Ontfide^
Now the Reafon why I have cited this is , becaufe
1 have heard feveral ('who would be thought know-
ing Horfemen) applaud this very ^re^^ beyond any
other to be met with in any Book, tho for my part
I can find nothing f.vcf//f«f in the whole Compofuion.
For firft Oat-meal tho it be ftrong , yet it is a dry
grain, hard oi digejlio-a , and a great dryer up of the
Blood, n^ Wheat is of a drying quality likewife ,
tho it be light ^ for the Anifeed and Licorifljy they
are not only P/j}'/7c^/ but W alio-, Co that the Body
becomes over heated , and thereby cofllve. And yet
thefe People will not be perfwaded^ but thefe Drugs
will make him long-winded ; poflibly they might afiifh
him in Neighing^ asfomemen fay it doth Sorr^sicrs
in Vocal Muficitt wherein there is no Exerdfe of the
Body ufed ^ but where bodily flrengtb is required,! ani
apt to believe it more prejudicial than prof table.
But here fome will objeil that there is Rye and
Beanes both which are moifl/^ing •, efpecially the Rye
wh ch is both cold and moyfi, and is the very reafon
DeCrey himfelf gives why he put Rye into his latter
F' Bread
So Ci^e i^untinu'l^orfc.
Bread, becaufe (fays hej Rye is a Loofner and a Cooler^
andcherefore it will make the Work mox^ Jo Inble.
I have already faid, that if his Body haye Feeding
proportionate to his Labour, the Horfe will conti-
nue in a right ftate cf/:/<?^/r^. Yet fince heis W by
Nature, and Labour might increaie his natural Heaty
and render him co/tive, therefore I have all along
prefcrib d him Rye-breai alone as ^Thyfcal. But here
let the Horfe be in what condition foever, whether
bound in his body or laxative^ yet Rye being a part of
your Bread, our Horle muft comiymally feed thereon,
which has this undeniable difadva?nag€, that if he be
laofe in his body, this Bread (to ule deCrcy'^s own
words; will make him moit folnble*
And now whilft I am difcourfing of Horfebread, I
cannot hut condemn another curiojity in fome Feeders,
who think, by drefling their /l/^^/ to the utmoft de-
gree of Fineness they do wonder Sy and that fuch p//r<?
Food muftof necefiity bring him to the greatefl perfc
Uion imaginable both of Body and Wind.
But in this point I think they arc dcceivM, for the
Aft:*;?/ being drefs'd fo very finey nothing remains but
the quintei^ence of it ; which tho it be lightned by
Barm and Whites of Eggs , yet when it is above a
day old twill begin to harden.^ (as may be obferv'd by
M-inchet) and efpecially if Oatmeal be in it, by rea-
ion of its drying quaUty, whereby it will notbefo
eafe ofdigefiion, as it would beotherwife if it had no
Bran in it; and by conftquence will be more apt to
epprefs his Stomach, if he 'e h.ated, before it be
throu.^hly digested, and fo breed raw crudities, and
Tin inflammation of the bloody aa:i bv that means ha-
zard a Surfeit, than which nothing can be of worfc
confcquence to a Horfe that is match' d. ■
And
And therefore tisth^c I advife, that your iy^jr/^-
bread Ihould only be made of Wheat and Beans, aad
that it fiiould not he drefs'd too fine^ nor too conrfe^
but To, as that there may be neither To rKuch Bran
left as to anmy the blood, nor fo little as to make your
Breadtooc/o/f-and/o/i^; but vou may Jcave lome on
purpofc tofcowr the Maw, and further our Horfes
Bigeftion. And thus much by way of Dlgrtifion.
Having fpoken to the ^rii condition of liorfes
which we propos'd, viz. r/7f/^«c^o//y, and low tn HefJu
we are now to fpeak of thofe which are brisk ^nd live-
In which if your Horfe befo, that when you lead
him out of the Stable he will leap and play about you,
thenyourauftnot only avoid giving him the Scorvr-
tng lait mcntion'd of Sac\^ and Diapente, but any
other v;hatfoever^ : for there being no foul Bumou/s
or any {uperflmm matter left in his body for the Thy-
fckto work on, it will prey upon the ftrength of his
body, and by that means weaken it, which it muft be
yourutmoft endeavour to preferve by full Feeding 2nd
jonnd Labour, which will nccellarily produce a per-
fea Wind, which is the Support of Strength, for
when his Wind ono: fails, his Strength avails nothing.
As to the manner of it, if your Horfe be ingag'd in
a Hunting-match, you iiuWfweat him twice this week,
but not by hunting him after the Hare, as forrncri '
but by Train^fccnts, fince ths former on this Occafion
may prove deceitful-, for rho the >Jounds be v?ry
M/f, yet the 5cm being cold the Dof^sw'W often he
at fault , and by that me.^ns the Horfe will have
many Sehs , fo that when he comes to run Trmn-fccnti
m earneft your Horfe will look for eafe, his Wt?^,d be-
ing not fo perfed as in Art it oug't to be.
Therefore lead your Train-fum with a dead Cat
^ 2 over
8 2 CHae ^nntim^otk'
over fuch Cromdi as you are likely to run e». and beSt
agrees with yous Horfes Bumour^ and be fure make
ciioicc ot the FleeieFl hounds you can get, and then
your Horfe will be kept up to the htght of \\is fpeed.
As to the Number of Train-fcems that you are to
ride at a time, 1 hat you muft order according to your
Match ^ or f which is better)according to your Horfe's
ftrength^ and ability for performing his Heats. For
if ^0]} labour h\m\)t^ox\(\h\%li:rength^ twill take him
o^\\\%fyeed, weaken his Limbs^ and daunt his Spirit.
If you give him too little Exercife, it will give oppor-
tunity for pirfivenejs and ill humours^ as Glut, &C.
to increafe in him, and gain in him a habit of Laz.i-
jiefs^ that when he comes to be put to labour above
his nfual rate^ he will grow reslijf^ ^^adi fettle like a
Jadcy either of which will redound to your difcredity
and therefore it mull: be from your own l^owledge in
thc/?^fpof hisBody,and not from zny general Direfii^
ons in writing, that you mud Iteer your Courfe.
Only this Dire^mi may be given you, that if you
are to run Eight Train-fcents and the (traight Courfe^
more or lefs, you are to put him to fuch fevere labour
not above twice in your whole Months keeping j and
and if it be in the firft Fortnight^ twill be the, better,
for then he will have a compleat Fortnight to recover
his sirengthagmn ; and for his labour in his laft Fort^
nighty let it he proportionate to his ftrength and wind^
as fometimes half his Task, and then three parts of it.
Onlyobferve. that the /<«/?Tryal you make in the
fir f Fortnight be a Traiu-fcent more than your Match,
for by that means you will find what he is able to do^
And for the proportion of his Exercife, twice a week
(as i have already fid^ is fufficient to keep him
in ^y-f^^/;, and yet will not diminiflior injure his ^Z-
gour.
But if your Hunting-match be to run fewer Train-
fcents
fcents, then you may put him to his whole TasJ^ the
oftner, according as you find him in condition;
only obferve that you are not to firain him for Ten
dales 21 leafl: before he ride his Match^ that he may
be led into the Field in perfe(!l; firength and vigour, ,
If you intend him for a VUte^ let him take his
Heats according to this DireBton, only let it be oa
the Place^ that he may hz acquainted with the Ground y
and as for the Hounds you may omit them, as not
being ty*d to their sjeed^hwx. that of your jldverfaries
Horfe's. But as to your Number of Heats , let them
be according to what the Articles exa6t ; only ob^
ferve that as to the Jl}arpnefs of them, they mult
be regulated according to the temper othisfirength^
and the purity of his Wmd. And when you heat him
provide fome Horfes upon the Courfe to run at him^
which will quicken his fpirits^ and encourage him,when
he finds he can command them at his pleafure. And
here too the fame Rule muft be obferved, not to give
your Horfe a Bloody heat for Ten daies or a fortnight
before the Plate be to be run for : And let his lajl-
heat which you give him before the day of Tryal be
in all his Cloathes, and jufl: skelp it over ^ which wil|
make him run the next time much more vigoroufly,
when he Ihall be fiript j^aked^ and feci the cold Jir
pierce him. JaCv^
But now that. I am \^zz\imgoi fweatlng^ it may
beexpeded that I fliould lay down fome Rules how
to order a Horfe that is in keeping for ^ Match in
Froliy weather, or in cafe he be an oldflrain^d Horfe,
fb that you dare not heat him in hard weather^ for fear
of Lameing him a frefli.
In thefe cafes fome Horfemen have pra(ftic*d/»?^/«f-
ing their Horfe in the Houfe^ by laying on him multi-
plicity ofCloathcSy being firft made hot at the Fire ;
which is the moil unnatural way oifweating a Horfe
that
84 '^tjeK^itntin^'i^orfe*
that can be , jlnce 'tis provoked by heat ^riflng from
th.ioutwardpartSy and is too i//V^»f, the extteatnity
of iht hut joynd to the might of the Cloa^his^ ijs^t
ohlv VQeakning^ but slmoit /mothering him. ' V: VV . •'
Thf'next way in ufe^isto'givt him his lie^i^rnkdad^
as I itilt now mentioned in his C/o^;/?W, btt this too is
npt ionu:,'\:l^nAhjndly :, 2ii without his CjCji^he^,
fince here top the heat is .nigiTJented honi mth'okt\^n6.
conlcquently abates his jhength tlicmorf;^ and ^et
doth not altogether To v;ell improve his Winc^J ' ''' i ^
- Therero;.'6iFeithcr you have a Horfe ii^at has beeti
ftrairPd, or otheTwife the \vhather be unfenforjahlefind
OWtiomQ de ad Jo^^ ox fandy iT^jf, though of hvithalf
a /l//7£'j length , and there W^t^ your horfe till he
fweat as you wonld have him. I remember to have
heard of a Gentleman having matched his horfe for a
very ceufiderable fumm :^ and the weather proving
hard J tcokthXs>conrje to keep his horfe in /^rf^r/; ^ he
caufed Straw, and foul Litter to ht if read all .along
round an adjoyning Qlofe^ and every morning his Ser^
vnnts jlioekjt up and turndity to keep it i^dlhw and
foftj and then the Horfe was fed forth ^tO^altop on
it afcer his Water, and by this manes kepit'nisHori'e
in to Her able Wind. — -^ '
'Now during this- Month hd^ on his Uefi'mg-daieSy
and after his jyeats on Heating-daies, you are to
6'biirve '^hefame Rides which you were taught in the
J?rl^ yjeekn'fyout Third Fortni^ts '"' ecping i only you
affe'tCOtnit p\] fcourlngs, hxrlKjepread rjrid ■Mfijler^
iTiire your Hbj-lc heiag in fo perfeH a /?-^rc'.'of Body has
Ijo needof riny' Oilh if yon think there mViy beany
occahon, and that your Horfe\prove Thirfty^ y)\hout
Eir^ht or Nine' a Clock at J^'\^ht you may giVe'him
this .'lu'tp to ccci him ^n&ejHettch'hlsThtr/J-. .'•"''
Take Early-water Two Quafts .• ofSyr>yp-o(Vio'
lets 3 Ounces J of Syrrup of Lcmmons 2, Ounces, mix
them.
*hem ^together , and give them to your Horfe to
iirinki:-, i^hQvduk^faften it from falling as you did
the Ma/hy and fo let it ftand by him all Night.
- Daring the laft Fonmghty you muft not only dry
your O^tj, and hull them by beatings but likewile
take' half a Strike of Oats and voajli them in the
W^/;;>^jofa. dozen or twenty Eggs^ and ftirring them
therein let them foke all Night ^ then the next
Morning take them and ffread them abroad in the
S««, till they be as dry as at firft, and To rnve them, to
yout Morfe, and when tliey are fpent prepare more
in the /^wf manner.' ,ThiS Foodis %^r of Digeftion^
and very fo'vereign for. his Windi, ^^^i -. ■ • r -r. . , . >
His B'^ms muft ht order'd as . before, only give
t\[^mXioi\ofrequemiy^ ifhe will eat his O^r^ without
them ^ and for his Bread this Fortnight let it be
thre^' parts Wheai^to one of Bea^is^ and let it be order-
ed a$ before diredcd. " And likewife if you find him
•ine}irt'dt"Oco/?/w«f// forget not to rdteve Nature by
^ivihg him Oats )v^]?/^ in two or three Whites of
E^giixi^ .^k beat together •, for that,, as I have told
yoiialr^ady, will cooi his Body, and keep it jnoifi:
■; OWtng-tiie /<«/? Week omit giving' him a Majh^
only give the Barfy-vrater as before j but as to Hay
let him have as much as he will e^f (which will not
be much, if he ha\^e his fill of better food; till a day
before he is to ride his Match^ but then you muft hold
your hand , that he may have time to digeit that
whjch he has caten^ and then and not before ^ ou may
vufzxJie h\m with your Givez.one\ and be fure that
day^ and fo till the morning he is led out, to feed him
as much as j)ojfible^ for fuch a days Labour will re-
quire fomething to maintain flrength. Therefore in
the Morning, an hour before you are to had oin^ give
him a TqU or two oi White-bread fteept in Sac\^.^
which will revive his Sprits^ and fo lead him into the
Field. f 4 . -But
But if you are to run for a Plate^vfhich ufually is not
till three a clock in the After-novn, then by all means
have him out early in the morning to air^ that he may
^mfty his Body, and when he. is come in from Air-
ing feed him with Tefls in Sackj, for you mufl: con-
iider, that as too much fulnefs will endanger his mnti,
fb too long fafiing will csakfaimnefs. When he has
taten what you think fit to give him, put on his Ca-
'vez.one^ and then having chafd his Legs found ly with
Tiece-greafe and Brandy warm'd together, or Trains
cyl^ (which ought likewile to be us'd daily at Noon
iov a Week, before the Match, or longer if you fee
caufe,) fhake up his Littery and Ihutting up your Sta-
hie cIo(e, and preventing any Noife to be made near
him, leave him to his ^f^till the hour come that he is
to go into the Field.
As to flatting his Main and Tail, Jhooing him with
TlateSy pitehing his Saddle and Girths, and the like
preparations J they are things which every Grooim
can inftrud you in, and therefore I fhall not trouble
you with Rules concerning them, but in lieu thereof
ihall 'Id fome farther Diredions how to judge of
the State of your Hcrfes Body, and if you find any
thing amifs therein how to rearcfs it.
CHAP.
C^i^c ^untfng^i^otfe. 87
GH A P IX.
Of the Means to judge of your Horfes
State of Body^ and of curing all Cajit-
dhies that may happen after Matching,
T 'Here arc kvQrz] Obfervations to be made by you
during your Dieting your Horfe, which if you
mifcarry in, may be the lojs of your Match, or your
fljarp ir t'le Pl^,te. Therefore, that you may know-
how to proceed regularly in this Jrf, I Ihall endea-
vour to fumme i.hem Hp,
Firil then you are to obferve his Chaule^ XmRibs^
and his FUnh^ according to the Rules formerly laid
down J for ii he be clean vaithin^ he will alfo be clean
there ^. but yet he may feel clean there^ when he is
not clean wtthin\ and thcrt^fore thofe Grooms arc
very conceited^ who upon their jirfl view of a Horfe
and handling of his Flankji pronounce him to be in a
true fiat e, of Body j for gentle j4iring, warm C loath-
ing, k?:av! Feeding may difperfe the grofs Fat and
6/«?, and drive it trom the f?«rw^^^ parts, fo that he
rn^Ly. appear clean, when in reality he is po/- Co: and^
therefore you are only a competent Judg,^ who know
how he was clean fed- • ,
Therefore you are to obferve^ firft, whether in ali
points you have proceeded according to ^rt in his
Training ^ as whether he performs his Heats with t//-
j^oraud true c<7«r^jrf, whether he have been all along
home-fedy whether you have not fuffer'd purfn^enejs to
increafe by too little labour, or abated his Flefh and
Strength
8B ^i)z l^untfttg^iiorfe.
ftrength by too mnch* Thefe things are the very
grounds of Keeping y and therefore ought to he Jean ^
and confider^d with judgment.
Next you are to obferve his manner of F-edingy
aps whether he holds his Appetite oir^o ; and otMerve
what fort of Ftfo^ he likes I'cy?, and of that g-ve him
oftene(i^ ; and in cafe his fiomach abate , ke?p him
out longer Morning and Night, at his airtm^-.si ■'.
In fike manner you mafl: obferve his Djmfy which
tho it be as fallacious oftentimes as a SivksrnahS Wa-
ter^ it being liable to alteration on tiic chan ;? of Dyet^
or being inflitene'd by the air^ ' yet be' i ; c/(?^¥n(] in
health it will ufually be a pale yellow c.olojr^'-and; be
voided in round Pellets •, but if it be loofe^ and P>^^ it
is an infallible fi^a of weaknefs^ and therefore mult by
good Feeding be remedied as foon as poiTible. ' But if
it be hard and dry , fo that he cannot dun^biit' vvith
difficulty ^ViAftraining^ then, you mult endeavour to
r^/zVw Nature, but not with ycon7n»^j,whtch' 'Would
weakentoo much, but rather chufe to give i^ifti this
Gti fiery ••v\thich will both cool and refreftphim.- ^
^•iu r .>>5t>.oti: iiJ Lii:: ; ■ -■ rr Tiii^lj 3o;^
Take' a Quart ofT^%,-T5f Syrrop'ofr?i«^fj,-ftfid
P«/p5 of Ca(fia.y of each Four Ounces and of 7l/^««^
half an Ounce ; this will /'w/ge him gently , and is
molt excellejic to ctfo/ his Bowels. .. c-a
The next thing to be confidered is Lamneff^ v\^hrch
if it proceed from old firains you mult makoufeof
this Oyntmenty which I have feveral times experimen-
ted with goadfuccefs.
~ Take frelh Butter , Oylc of Bayes^ Dlaltheay and
Turpentine of e^ch Two Ounces, w^vand hoyle them
together on a /«3/fp-<?, and" when thev are well /«-
■torpor atedy as hot as the Horfe can fuffcr it, annoint
the
the^Horfew/cea day,, andgive him exe'/cife, by Jir-
?>?-him abroad Morning and Evening a/oct.^^cf,aKi(J
yoti will^ find it a certain- Remedy foi^i^yStrairi m
tMShmlder, CUpoutht bac^ffiews^or any grief xvh^t
foe ver^ that psoceeds Uom Straiifs^ , Tjuci
But if vou only fear Lamencfs trom uUStraim:,
then, you inuft bt careful that your £^fm/^ benio
derate, and alwaiesjwhen, you conve in, from Water
and his Legs are rub'd dry y anmint ihtm wifh
fuch fupple Oynments, as are accounted good tor the
Limbs,zsLtnfeed,rratn,Sheepfot>t, Nmsfoot IVerv.e^
Oyle and the Tke •, all which may be uled on his
daies of Reft^ but on h'S heating daies Vrme zndSalt-
Peter. Some Horfemen make u(e of ^r^;;^/c and .S.?/-
/^fOylmixM, and bathe his Legu zxid ftcixmrds
heat it m with a h0t iron, and coimECDd it as the
beft thing for the Lmbs of an Oldfhl Hor.c.
But if yonr Hortf- through Negiigem.r. ^^ any .^*2-
fualtte happen to have the Greafehjl mohisHe^Ly
you mult, endeavour ro remove it by a goo^ Jomd
heat , and a /cowr/^^ after it , and .apply, to his ,U^
this PoHltifs. awo-y lV..^
TakeqfHiWf)' 3 Pound, of T'//rfmi'«rv.ce^wwt>«0>wi,
Medof'Unfecdy^r\^thQ Meal of £<^««^rf f i, <>f each^^^
Ounces, and the cwder of Bayber^y\ii^:v^t\i. iearchrO
3 Ounces, ,»/> arid %/t all thefe well together-, they
takeit#, andpu*: to it a V'mtoi White-wme^ then
boyle it a^aw, till it be very thick : and with this, as
hot as the Horfe car fuffer it, l?p his legs al)0ut FU^-
jfer-voife^ and reriew it only or.ce in three dates , and :t
will certainly bring, his Ugs within compals-
IfyourHorles Fen be b^d^ either fur bated, ox mn-
dred. theninftead ot Cow-rn?ig, you may ftop
them with bUy^^-d^y and T/w^w tempeid toge-
ther.
90 Ci^e l^nntini^fottz.
ther, and 05 his Heating-daies at Night ftop them
with grey-fope, and keep it in with a peiceofanold
Shoo-fb]e.
If your Horfe be troubled with any Dofe in his
head give him Mnfiard-feed araongft his Provender^
but if it be a mrfeColdy which you will perceive by
his Ratlings then give him this Lamhitwe^ or Ete^n-
ary.
Take of Honey and Treacle , each half a Pound,
having mixtthcfe together, add to them Powder of
Cumminfeed^ Li^Horifljj Bay-berries^ Jmifeeds^ each an
Ounce, mix all thefe together, and put them to the
Honey and Treakie, which will make it of a thick con-
iiftance. If your horfe hath a Cold,inftend of his Oatef
before Water , give him the quantity oizWalmt of
this Lamhitive on the top ofafiick^or in a Spoon^ and
Jet him lickjt ofT^ and the fame do after firing, when
firffc you come in, and you will find the advantage of it.
Thele at prefent are all the Imonveniencies that I
can call to mind, which are lyahle to Hunters^ or Gal-
lofers in their Keeping-^ andtho through ?«4^wm»-
fc>, or want of memory I fhould have omitted any,
yet from thefe GreHnds, you may form your Reme-
dies for any common Accident or Diflemfer-^ and
now that we draw near to the Match-day y and the
End of our Difeourfe^ we will only difcufs feme few
i?W^j relating to the 7>y^/ of the Hunting Match, I
mean Rules to be obferved in Ridifig^ and fo con-
clude.
CHAP.
scj^e l^untinS'i^otte. 91
CHAP. X.
Of riding a Hunting'Match , or Heats
for a Platey and the Advantages be-
longing to each^
I Have endeavoured to fhew the Necefiity and the
Manner of Tr awing ^nd Dieting Horfes, but this
alone is not fufficient to the rvinning of either Match
or Plate without a knowing and an honefi Rider^ and a
skilful Judge or Tryer be joyn'd thereto j but (Ince
no man is fitter to ride the Horfe than he that has the
training of hini, I (hall lay down forae general Rules
hovi to ride to the bell Advantage either a Hunting-
Match^ or three Heats and a Conrje for a Plate.
The firfl Requifite in a Rider, next to fa'ithfulnejs
in his Trufl-^ is to have a good clofe Seat, his Knees be-
ing held firm to his Saddle-skirts, his Ti?^ j turn d in-
ward and his Spurs outward from the Horfes fides,
his left hand governing his Horfes Mouth, and his
right commanding his Whip-, obferving during all
the Tryal throughout to fit firm in his Saddle, with-
out waving, orfianding up in his Stirrops, which very
much incommodes the Horfe, notwithftanding the
conceited Opinion of fome Jockeys tliat it is a heco^m-
ing Seat.
When you fpur your Horfe , flrike him not
kard with the CMves of your Legs, as if you would
beat
92 Cfic ^unttng^i^orfe. '
beat the wind out of his body, buft luft turn youf
Toes oHtwards, and bring trie ^purs ijuickto liis fides:,
and ^\xQ\\^Pjarfflroke will be more ferviceabie to the
anickr^im of your Horfe, and fooner draw blood. Be
lure notto/p«r yonr Horfe but when Lhere isocca-
fion, and avoid fpurring him under the fore bowels, be-
tween his ShoiiUers, and his drths near the Heart
(which is the tend'reft p?acey till tht hit Extremtty .
When you whip your Horfe let it be over the Jlwut^
^fronthe«^^rfide, except upon hard mm w^, and
when you are at all-, then be fure with a/ro«^ jerl^
to ftrike your Horle in the Flank, for there thej^m
htenderfi, and moft/^^/^/^of the L^V^;,
Obferve when you whip or fpnr your Horfe, and
that you are certain he is at the top of hisjpeed^ it
then he clap his Ears in his Tolcy ozwhtskjMS Tail^
be fure that you bear him hard, and give him as much
cow/orfaseveryoucan, hy f awing his Snajfle to and
from his Mouth, and by that means forcing nrni to
open his Mouth, which will comfort him, and give him
wind,
Iftherebeany high wind ftirring when you ride^
obferve if it be in your Face to let your Adverfary
lead, and to hold hard behind him till you fee your
opportunity of giving a /.<7./. ; yet you muH: obferve
to ridefoc/fp/ftohim, that his Boric may break, the
Wind from yours, and that you by poping low in
your Seat mzw fl^elter your felf under him, whici
will allifl: the Ilrength of your Horle. ButitthelFW
bciny9ur^^ci,ride e.v^c^/y behind him, that your
Horfe may alone enjoy the benefit of the Wind, by
being as it were blown forward, and by breaking- it
fron?him ns much as you can pofiiblc.
Next
Next obfervewhat G ronnd yoxir Uorfe delights to
run beft ou, hearing your Horfe (as much as your
Adverfary wiii ^ive you leave) on level Curpet-groundy
became ycur Horfe naturally will be defirous to fpend
himJeJt move frtely thereon. But on deep Earths &c.
give him more liberty^ becaufe he will naturally /^t/o/zr
himfeif thereupon. Be fure, if you are to run m kill,
to favour your Horfe and bear him^Jot fear of run-
ning h'.m out of wind ; but down hilt, (if your Hories
Feet and Shoulders will endure it, and you dare ven-
ture your ovii\Ncck) always give him a Loofe.
Only take this (or a general Rule, that if you find
your Horfe to have the /fff/j of the other, that then
you be careful to preferve his Speed till the lafi: Train-
[cent, if you are not to run a ftraight Courje^ but if fo
then till the Conrfe^^ fo to husband it then too, that
you may be able to wake a Fufljfor it at the laft Fo^.
Next you are to obferve the nature of your Oppo-
ftesUoiie, and if he be ^^ry, then to run juft ^^/?zW
or juft cheekj)y jonl^ and with your Whip make as much
noife as you can , that you may force him on fa^er
then his Rider would have him , and by that means
Spend him thefooner. Or elfe keep juft before him up-
on fuch a (low Gallop , that he may either over reach
or by treading on your Horfes Heels ( if he will not
take the leading) endanger falling over.
Obferve on what ground the contrary Horfe runs
worj} and on that Earth be fure to give a loofe that
your jidverfaries being forced xofol\.vo you, may haa-
Zard slimbling^ or clapping on tX^tbach^Simvts.
Obferve Hkewife in your Riding the feveral Helps
and CorreUions of the Hand the Whip and the Spur ,
and ixhcn and how often he makes u\e of them ^ and
when ycu perceive that his Horle begins to be blown
by any of the fcrmer Syrrptcms^ as Whisk[ng his 7'ail^
ch.p-
94 '^ft^ l^imting^^orfe.
clapping down his Ears , holding out his iVf>/^ like a
P/g- &c, you may then take it for granted that he
is at the top of what he can do ^ cncicfore in this
cafe obferve how your own rides , and if he run cheer-
fully ^nd flrongly without Spurring^ th^.n be fure keep
youv Adverfary to the fame /pcf,si without giving him
eafe and by that means you willquicKly bring him to
give oHty or elfc diflance him.
Obferve at the End of every Train-fent what Co«-
dition^tho, other Horfe is in-, and how h^ holds o\xt
in his Labour ^ which you may be able to give ?i judg-
ment of by his Loohj , the Working of his F lankly and
the Jlacknefs of his Girths, For if he look ^«//tis a lign
bis Spirits fail him^ if his Flanks beat much , tis d
token that his P^/T?^ begins to /^// him, and then of
necefljity his Strength muft too* If his Wind fail him ,
then his Body will grow thin and appear tuckt. upj
which will make his girths appear Jlack, to the Eye.
And therefore take this for a Rule that there is no
greater Sign of Weakncfs then this which I have laft
nie^Jtionedj ib that if your Adverfaries Horfe want
girting ahcY the frfi Scent .y provided he were clofe-
girt at his firll (tarting^ you need not much dtfpair
of winning your Wager,
When each 7 rain-fccnt is ended Tand fo likewife
after every Heat fora Plate)you muft h^Lvedry Straw,
?nd ^j;)/ Cioaths both Lr«w« and Woollen which have
heeri fieep'din Vrine 2Lnd Salt-Peter :^d:{y^ or two ,
and then drycd in the Sm ^ and likewife one , or two
«f each which have beenlfo flecped , mull be brought
wet into the Field \ and after the 7 rain is ended you
muft have two or three Helpers^ and after your
Groom has with a Knife of Fleat fas the D. of iSTfW-
Cajlle calls itj which is an oid piece of a Sword blade^
fcrapt off all the Sweat from your VIorfes Neck^ Body
#c. you muft fee that they firft with Straw, and
then
Cfte i^unttng^^orfe. ^y
then with their dry Cloaths mb him dry all over
whilft others are employed about his Leg^rs • and
as loon as they are rub'd ^ry then chafe them wifh
your wpf cloaths , and never give over tilJ you are
called by the^^.'^^j to Han again. This will keep
hisJoyntsp/y^«/and;7m^/f, and prevent any tnRam-
mation which might arife from any o/^ Strain,
The next thing to be confidered is the Judges , or
Tryen Office , which is to fee that all things are or^
dered according to the u4rticles, which to that end
ought to be publickly read before the HorfesS rayt.
Next that each Tryer on whofe fide the Tratn is to
be led, according to the Articles give dire^ims for
Its leading according to the advife of the Rzdcr^ or
his Knowledge of the Nature and Difpo/it ion of that
Horfe on whofe fide he is Chofe.
Next that each Tryer be fo adv!int?igQO\i[ly Mounted^
^n!? ^^^^ ^^ behind the Horfes, (but not upon them)
aJI day • and to obferve that the Contrary Horfe ride
ills True-gromd , and obferve the u4}'ticles in every
particuIar,or elfe not to permit him to frocesd.
Next that after each Irainfcem be ended , each
Tryer look to that Horfe againft whom he is chofen,
and obferve that he be no vsays relieved but with rnh-
twg^ except Liberty on both fides be given to the
contrary,
Next,as foon as the time which is altow'd for rubbing
be fA.-;?rre^, which is generally W/an hour, they IhJ
^••ww^^^them to w^««^^ and if either Rider refufe \t
may be lawful for the other toftan without himind
liavmg beat him the difiance agreed on, the Waf^er is
to be adJHdg*d on his y^^^.
Next, the Tryers flialJ keep off all other Horfes
tromcroftng the Riders, or /f^^*»^them; only they
themfelvesraaybeallow'dto mfiruB the Riders by
^ V^^crd
96 Cl^e ?^unt(ng^]^orfc.
voord of month how to ride, whether /Zow, or/^/?, ac-
cording to the yidvamages he perceives may be
gain'dby his Dtrc^ions , n. n
Laftly,irtherebeciny wr;^k agreed on.theylhall
fee that both Hoifes bring their trut weight to the
ftarting place, and carry it to the end of the Train^ on
penalty of lofing the W^-^^e^^.
The fame Rules are to be obferv'd fefpecially this
la$i) by thofe 6>wf/fwf« which are c/;o/(7« to be Judga
at a ie^cf for a FUte ^ onely they rfually Bay in the
Standy that they may the -krfo- lee which Horfe wins
the ' eAt.
Now for rA/««/w^ for a P/^ff,there are not lo many
Observations to be made, nor more Dire^ions requir'd
than what have been already mentioned •, oiiely this^
that if you hriow your Horfe to be tough at bottom^znd
that he whl/tickat ?yjarkj>^o ride him each Heat ac-
cording to the bcfi of his performance, and avoid as
much as pojuble either riding at any particular Horfe ^
or i?4!^?«^ for any, but to ride each Heat throughout
with the befifpeed you can.
But if you have a very fiery Horfe to manage, or
dne that is /^.i?'^.»;<?^?/?V,and difficult to be heldy then
/^^rf behind the reft of the Horles with all the coolnefs
nnd gemlenefs imaginable^ and when you find your
Horle to begin to rids at fome command, then pnt up
to the other Horfes, and if you find they ride at their
Eafe, and are hard held, then endeavour to draw them
on fajter -, but if you find their Wtnd begin to rake hoy
and that they wane a Sob, if your oven Horfe be m
w?W, and you have a Loofeinyour hand, keep them
tip to their ffeed, till you come within three quarters
of ^ Mile of the Evd of the Heat; and then give a
Loofe.TindpuflAo^cn, and 'cave to Fortune Zhd. your
Horles Goodnefs the Event of your Succefs-
Many]
JMsiny more RhUs there are which may not occur
at prcfent to my memory^ and others which I purpcfe-
ly omit ^ but thele may ierve the honeB Jockey^ and
for the others whxh rehte to Foul-pUy^ as crojfingy
hanging cn the Pvjis^ leaning on the other Hor[cman^
yoking^ !^c. Idefirenotto injhuEi any one in them,
and could mfj that they might never be made ufe of,
but be wholly relwquijhd by all /^owi? Horfemen.
Laftly, when either your Huming-Aiatch^ or your
Tryalforthe Plate is ended,as Toon as you have rM^d
your Horfe dry^ you fhall cloath him upy and ride him
Liwf, where thefirft thing you give him fhailbethis
Drinkto com.fort him.
Take a Pint and a half of jweet Mlki ^nd put
three Tolkj oiEggs beaten into it ; then make it ///%-
voArm^ and put in three penny-worth of Saffrony and
three Spoonfuls of Salkt-oyl, and give it him in a
Horn.
When this is done drefs V\m flight ly over with
your Curry Comb^ Brujlj, and Woollen Cloth ; and then
bath the place where the Saddle flood with warm
Sackto prevent IVarbles ^snd voapj the Spnrring-places
with Pifs and Salt, and then afterwards annoint them
with THTpemine and Powder of Jet mix'd together ^
and be furc let the i,table be very well Utter d; and
then c/o^r/? him up with all fpeed, and fo let him ^and
two hours. Then feed hira with Rye-bread, after
that with a very good Ma(Jj : then give him his Ilelly
/wZ^of i/*y,and what Com cr Bread he will eat. Then
hathe his Z>f/.f well with Vrine and Salt-peter, leave
him Torwinhis Locker, and fo let him rej} till the^^-.vr
Morning ^ at which rime order him as before dire^ed
in his days of Refi.
Thus I have impartsd to the Publick what my own.
Ex.
98 ci^e l^unting'i^orfe.
Experienee has tanght me, relating to this part of
Horfemanfhip. I defire no Perfon to rely on it further
then they Ihall find it advamageom upon PraSiice and
Try at. If others more skilful would be as free to com"
wmicate their Ohfervmons on this Subjedl, this pro-
fitable part of A'wotvW^e might then perhaps be im-
provM to perfeBion.'thQ giving i Specimen was all that
is here defign'd. If the Reader finds any Error s^ he
is defir'd either to p<«r^o» or amend th^m. To thofe
that either know no ^^ff^r, orwantof^^r Helps^ this
poflibly may prove no tmweUome piece of Service.
ERR A TA,
P*«[. Tf./. i 9. f»r tot ye xd moot. p. ii.l. 22. for lyire r. lyard" p.!
at. /.?./«»• Dofer. Pofc. />. 4?'^.7'/'"'thatby r. that if by. p. 47.
/. x.for to feed bim^c. in fame copies , >•. him, and fo feed him by
little and little. p.^i.L 26. for Dale r. Pale, p, 7 3, /. I. for fo in«
liumanc) r. too inhumane ib, 1. 1. dele fo.
FINIS.
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